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Article ; Online: Comparison of the efficiency of colorectal cancer screening programs based on age and genetic risk for reduction of colorectal cancer mortality.

Stanesby, Oliver / Jenkins, Mark

European journal of human genetics : EJHG

2017 Volume 25, Issue 7, Page(s) 832–838

Abstract: Given that colorectal cancer risk depends partly on inherited factors, screening program efficiency may be increased by incorporating genetic factors. We compared the efficiency of screening based on age and genetic risk in a simulated population. We ... ...

Abstract	Given that colorectal cancer risk depends partly on inherited factors, screening program efficiency may be increased by incorporating genetic factors. We compared the efficiency of screening based on age and genetic risk in a simulated population. We simulated a population matching the size, age distribution and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality of Australia. We also simulated the distribution of genetic risk for colorectal cancer based on the expected number of inherited risk alleles of 45 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously reported as associated with colorectal cancer. We compared the expected colorectal cancer deaths under three screening programs; age-based, genetic-based and combined age-based and genetic-based. The age-based program would prevent 25.4 deaths per 100 000 invited to screen, none of which would be under age 50; the genetic program would prevent 26.2 deaths per 100 000 invited to screen, 16 of which would be under age 50; and the combined program would prevent 24.4 deaths per 100 000 invited to screen, 16 of which would be under age 50. Genetic testing of 1.5 million 45-49 year olds would identify 91% of the people aged under 50 at sufficient risk to warrant screening, potentially saving 16 colorectal cancer deaths each year. Screening eligibility based on genetic risk profile for age is as efficient as eligibility based on age alone for preventing colorectal cancer mortality, but identifies an additional 7% of the population at sufficient risk to benefit from screening who would not normally be screened given they are aged under 50 years.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Age Factors ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality ; Female ; Genetic Testing/methods ; Genetic Testing/standards ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening/methods ; Mass Screening/standards ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2017
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1141470-4
ISSN	1476-5438 ; 1018-4813
ISSN (online)	1476-5438
ISSN	1018-4813
DOI	10.1038/ejhg.2017.60
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Article ; Online: Correction to: Tracking of apolipoprotein B levels measured in childhood and adolescence: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Stanesby, Oliver / Zhou, Zhen / Fonseca, Ricardo / Kidokoro, Tetsuhiro / Otahal, Petr / Fraser, Brooklyn J / Wu, Feitong / Juonala, Markus / Viikari, Jorma S A / Raitakari, Olli T / Tomkinson, Grant R / Magnussen, Costan G

European journal of pediatrics

2024 Volume 183, Issue 4, Page(s) 1965

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-31
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	194196-3
ISSN	1432-1076 ; 0340-6199 ; 0943-9676
ISSN (online)	1432-1076
ISSN	0340-6199 ; 0943-9676
DOI	10.1007/s00431-024-05445-2
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Article ; Online: Improving measurement of harms from others' drinking: Using item-response theory to scale harms from others' heavy drinking in 10 countries.

Grittner, Ulrike / Bloomfield, Kim / Kuntsche, Sandra / Callinan, Sarah / Stanesby, Oliver / Gmel, Gerhard

Drug and alcohol review

2021 Volume 41, Issue 3, Page(s) 577–587

Abstract: Introduction: The heavy drinking of others may negatively affect an individual on several dimensions of life. Until now, there is scarce research about how to judge the severity of various experiences of such harms. This study aims to empirically scale ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The heavy drinking of others may negatively affect an individual on several dimensions of life. Until now, there is scarce research about how to judge the severity of various experiences of such harms. This study aims to empirically scale the severity of such harm items and to determine who is at most risk of these harms. Methods: We used population-based survey data from 10 countries of the GENAHTO project (Gender and Alcohol's Harms to Others, data collection: 2011-2016). Questions about harms from others' drinking asked about verbal and physical harm, damage of belongings, traffic accidents, harassment, threatening behaviour, family and financial problems. We used item response theory methods (IRT) to scale severity of the aforementioned items. To acknowledge culturally based variations in different countries, we assessed 'differential item functioning'. Results: The items 'family problems', 'financial problems' and 'clothes and property damage' as well as 'physical harm' were scaled as more severe in most countries compared to other items. Substantial differential item functioning was present in more than half of the country pairings. The item 'financial problems' was most often differentially scaled. Younger people who drank more, as well as women (compared to men), reported more harm. Discussion and conclusions: Using IRT, we were able to evaluate grades of severity in harms from others' drinking. IRT scaling yielded in similar rankings of items as reported from other studies. However, empirical scaling allows for more differentiated severity scaling than simple summary scores and is more sensitive to cultural differences.
MeSH term(s)	Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-30
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1080442-0
ISSN	1465-3362 ; 0959-5236
ISSN (online)	1465-3362
ISSN	0959-5236
DOI	10.1111/dar.13377
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Zs.A 5621: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Tracking of serum lipid levels from childhood to adulthood: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Stanesby, Oliver / Armstrong, Matthew K / Otahal, Petr / Goode, James P / Fraser, Brooklyn J / Negishi, Kazuaki / Kidokoro, Tetsuhiro / Winzenberg, Tania / Juonala, Markus / Wu, Feitong / Kelly, Rebecca K / Xi, Bo / Viikari, Jorma S A / Raitakari, Olli T / Daniels, Stephen R / Tomkinson, Grant R / Magnussen, Costan G

Atherosclerosis

2024 Volume 391, Page(s) 117482

Abstract: Background and aims: The utility of lipid screening in pediatric settings for preventing adult atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases partly depends on the lifelong tracking of lipid levels. This systematic review aimed to quantify the tracking of ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: The utility of lipid screening in pediatric settings for preventing adult atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases partly depends on the lifelong tracking of lipid levels. This systematic review aimed to quantify the tracking of lipid levels from childhood and adolescence to adulthood. Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar in March 2022. The protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; ID: CRD42020208859). We included cohort studies that measured tracking of lipids from childhood or adolescence (<18 years) to adulthood (≥18) with correlation or tracking coefficients. We estimated pooled correlation and tracking coefficients using random-effects meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed with a review-specific tool. Results: Thirty-three studies of 19 cohorts (11,020 participants) were included. The degree of tracking from childhood and adolescence to adulthood differed among lipids. Tracking was observed for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (pooled r = 0.55-0.65), total cholesterol (pooled r = 0.51-0.65), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (pooled r = 0.46-0.57), and triglycerides (pooled r = 0.32-0.40). Only one study included tracking of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.42-0.59). Substantial heterogeneity was observed. Study risk of bias was moderate, mostly due to insufficient reporting and singular measurements at baseline and follow-up. Conclusions: Early-life lipid measurements are important for predicting adult levels. However, further research is needed to understand the tracking of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the stability of risk classification over time, which may further inform pediatric lipid screening and assessment strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Child ; Young Adult ; Cholesterol ; Triglycerides ; Cohort Studies ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Lipoproteins
Chemical Substances	Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J) ; Triglycerides ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Lipoproteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80061-2
ISSN	1879-1484 ; 0021-9150
ISSN (online)	1879-1484
ISSN	0021-9150
DOI	10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117482
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Article: Improving measurement of harms from others' drinking: A key informant study on type and severity of harm.

Stanesby, Oliver / Gmel, Gerhard / Graham, Kathryn / Greenfield, Thomas K / Waleewong, Orratai / Wilsnack, Sharon C

Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT

2020 Volume 37, Issue 2, Page(s) 122–140

Abstract: Aims: Some types of harms experienced because of others' drinking (AHTO) may produce greater negative effects than other harms. However, AHTO survey items were developed to measure type, not severity, of harm. We aimed to compare the perceived severity ... ...

Abstract	Aims: Some types of harms experienced because of others' drinking (AHTO) may produce greater negative effects than other harms. However, AHTO survey items were developed to measure type, not severity, of harm. We aimed to compare the perceived severity of a comprehensive list of AHTO items to assess consistency in subjective ratings of severity, facilitate a more nuanced analysis and identify strategies to improve measurement of AHTO in epidemiological surveys. Methods: Thirty-six leaders of national alcohol surveys (conducted between 1997 and 2016) from 23 countries rated the typical severity of negative effects on the victim of each of 48 types of AHTO using a scale from zero (no negative effect) to 10 (very severe negative effect). The survey leaders were also asked to provide open-ended feedback about each harm and the severity-rating task generally. Results: Of 48 harm items, five were classified as extreme severity (mean rating ≥8), 17 as high (≥6 <8), 25 as moderate (≥4 <6), and one as low (≤4). We used two-way random effects models to estimate absolute agreement intraclass correlation coefficients (AA-ICC) and consistency of agreement intraclass correlation coefficients (CA-ICC). Results showed that there was fair to excellent absolute agreement and consistency of agreement among "experts'' ratings of the severity of harms from others' drinking (single measures CA-ICC = 0.414, single measures AA-ICC = 0.325; average CA-ICC = 0.940, average AA-ICC = 0.914). Harms to children, and harms causing physical, financial, practical, or severe emotional impacts were rated most severe. Conclusions: When designing new AHTO surveys and conducting analyses of existing data, researchers should pay close attention to harms with high perceived severity to identify effective ways to prevent severe AHTO and reduce the negative health and social impacts of AHTO. In-depth analyses of specific sub-sets of harms and qualitative interviews with victims of severe AHTO may prove useful.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2246748-8
ISSN	1458-6126 ; 1455-0725
ISSN (online)	1458-6126
ISSN	1455-0725
DOI	10.1177/1455072520908386
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Article ; Online: trips4health: a single-blinded randomised controlled trial incentivising adult public transport use for physical activity gain.

Evans, Jack T / Stanesby, Oliver / Blizzard, Leigh / Jose, Kim / Sharman, Melanie J / Ball, Kylie / Greaves, Stephen / Palmer, Andrew J / Cooper, Katie / Gall, Seana L / Cleland, Verity J

The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity

2023 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 98

Abstract: Background: Public transport users tend to accumulate more physical activity than non-users; however, whether physical activity is increased by financially incentivising public transport use is unknown. The trips4health study aimed to determine the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Public transport users tend to accumulate more physical activity than non-users; however, whether physical activity is increased by financially incentivising public transport use is unknown. The trips4health study aimed to determine the impact of an incentive-based public transport intervention on physical activity. Methods: A single-blinded randomised control trial of a 16-week incentive-based intervention involved Australian adults who were infrequent bus users (≥ 18 years; used bus ≤ 2 times/week) split equally into intervention and control groups. The intervention group were sent weekly motivational text messages and awarded smartcard bus credit when targets were met. The intervention group and control group received physical activity guidelines. Accelerometer-measured steps/day (primary outcome), self-reported transport-related physical activity (walking and cycling for transport) and total physical activity (min/week and MET-min/week) outcomes were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Results: Due to the COVID pandemic, the trial was abandoned prior to target sample size achievement and completion of all assessments (N = 110). Steps/day declined in both groups, but by less in the intervention group [-557.9 steps (-7.9%) vs.-1018.3 steps/week (-13.8%)]. In the intervention group, transport-related physical activity increased [80.0 min/week (133.3%); 264.0 MET-min/week (133.3%)] while total physical activity levels saw little change [35.0 min/week (5.5%); 25.5 MET-min/week (1.0%)]. Control group transport-related physical activity decreased [-20.0 min/week (-27.6%); -41.3 MET-min/week (-17.3%)], but total physical activity increased [260.0 min/week (54.5%); 734.3 MET-min/week (37.4%)]. Conclusion: This study found evidence that financial incentive-based intervention to increase public transport use is effective in increasing transport-related physical activity These results warrant future examination of physical activity incentives programs in a fully powered study with longer-term follow-up. Trial registration: This trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry August 14th, 2019: ACTRN12619001136190; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377914&isReview=true.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adult ; Australia ; COVID-19 ; Motivation ; Exercise ; Walking
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2134691-4
ISSN	1479-5868 ; 1479-5868
ISSN (online)	1479-5868
ISSN	1479-5868
DOI	10.1186/s12966-023-01500-7
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Article: A prospective study of the impact of COVID-19-related restrictions on activities and mobility upon physical activity, travel behaviour and attitudes.

Stanesby, Oliver / Greaves, Stephen / Jose, Kim / Sharman, Melanie / Blizzard, Leigh / Palmer, Andrew J / Evans, Jack / Cooper, Katie / Morse, Megan / Cleland, Verity

Journal of transport & health

2023 Volume 31, Page(s) 101624

Abstract: Background and aims: Public health measures adopted to contain the spread of COVID-19 included restrictions on activities and mobility as people were asked to stay at home and schools moved to online learning. This may have increased risk of non- ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Public health measures adopted to contain the spread of COVID-19 included restrictions on activities and mobility as people were asked to stay at home and schools moved to online learning. This may have increased risk of non-communicable disease by limiting recreational and transport-related physical activity. Building on an existing study, we assessed changes in self-reported and device-measured physical activity and travel behaviour before, during and after the peak of local COVID-19 outbreak and restrictions (March-July 2020). We examined beliefs in effectiveness of strategies to increase active and public transport after restrictions were reduced. Methods: A longitudinal study of adult infrequent bus users (average ≤ 2 trips per week; n = 70; 67% women) in Hobart, Australia. One-week assessment periods at four separate timepoints (before, during, 0-3 months after, and 3-6 months after the peak restrictions period) involved wearing an accelerometer, daily transport diaries, online surveys and tracking bus smartcard boardings. Results: Physical activity (especially among older participants), bus use and private motor vehicle use declined significantly during or 0-3 months after the peak restrictions period and returned to pre-restrictions levels by 3-6 months after the peak restrictions period, except bus use which remained significantly lower. Retrospective surveys overstated declines in bus use and active transport and self-reports understated declines in physical activity. Social distancing and improving service efficiency and frequency were seen as effective strategies for increasing bus use after restrictions but belief in effectiveness of distancing decreased over time. Conclusions: When restrictions on mobility are increased, supportive health promotion measures are needed to prevent declines in physical activity, particularly for older adults. Public transport systems need capacity to implement temporary distancing measures to prevent communicable disease transmission. Providing convenient, flexible, and efficient options for public transport may help to replenish public transport use after restrictions are reduced.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-19
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2214-1405
ISSN	2214-1405
DOI	10.1016/j.jth.2023.101624
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Article ; Online: Tracking of apolipoprotein B levels measured in childhood and adolescence: systematic review and meta-analysis.

European journal of pediatrics

2023 Volume 183, Issue 2, Page(s) 569–580

Abstract: To quantify the tracking of apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels from childhood and adolescence and compare the tracking of apoB with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was ... ...

Abstract	To quantify the tracking of apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels from childhood and adolescence and compare the tracking of apoB with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was performed in October 2023 (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42022298663). Cohort studies that measured tracking of apoB from childhood/adolescence (< 19 years) with a minimum follow-up of 1 year, using tracking estimates such as correlation coefficients or tracking coefficients, were eligible. Pooled correlations were estimated using random-effects meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed with a review-specific tool. Ten studies of eight unique cohorts involving 4677 participants met the inclusion criteria. Tracking of apoB was observed (pooled r = 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.53-0.71; I Conclusion: ApoB levels track strongly from childhood, but do not surpass LDL cholesterol in this regard. While there is strong evidence that apoB is more effective at predicting ASCVD risk than LDL cholesterol in adults, there is currently insufficient evidence to support its increased utility in pediatric settings. This also applies to tracking data, where more comprehensive data are required. What is known: • Apolipoprotein B is a known cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. • Apolipoprotein B levels are not typically measured in pediatric settings, where low-density lipoprotein cholesterol remains the primary lipid screening measure. What is new: • This meta-analysis of 10 studies showed apolipoprotein B levels tracked strongly from childhood but did not exceed low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in this regard. • More comprehensive tracking data are needed to provide sufficient evidence for increased utility of apolipoprotein B in pediatric settings.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Child ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Apolipoproteins B ; Cholesterol ; Atherosclerosis ; Cohort Studies ; Cholesterol, HDL
Chemical Substances	Cholesterol, LDL ; Apolipoproteins B ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J) ; Cholesterol, HDL
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-05
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	194196-3
ISSN	1432-1076 ; 0340-6199 ; 0943-9676
ISSN (online)	1432-1076
ISSN	0340-6199 ; 0943-9676
DOI	10.1007/s00431-023-05350-0
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Article ; Online: Experience of harm from others' drinking and support for stricter alcohol policies: Analysis of the Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey.

Stanesby, Oliver / Rankin, Georgia / Callinan, Sarah

The International journal on drug policy

2017 Volume 45, Page(s) 25–32

Abstract: Background: Previous research indicates that those who have experienced alcohol-related harm from others are more likely to support stricter alcohol control policies. This study investigates the association between types of harm experienced because of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Previous research indicates that those who have experienced alcohol-related harm from others are more likely to support stricter alcohol control policies. This study investigates the association between types of harm experienced because of others' drinking and support for stricter alcohol control policies. Methods: Data from 20,570 Australians aged 18 and over who completed the 2013 National Drug Strategy Household Survey was used. Questions about experience of alcohol-related harm from others - being put in fear and abuse (verbal or physical) - were asked. Support for stricter alcohol control policies was quantified by a mean policy support score across 18 alcohol policy questions. Results: Twenty seven percent of respondents reported harm from someone's drinking. Respondents who were put in fear had a higher level of support for stricter alcohol control policies than respondents who were not harmed (p<0.001), regardless of whether they were abused or not. Conversely, respondents who experienced abuse but were not put in fear did not significantly differ in their support for stricter policies from those who experienced no harm. Conclusion: It is the apprehension of harm (i.e. having been put in fear), and not the experience of harm itself (i.e. abuse), which is related to people's support for stricter alcohol policies. These findings suggest that perceiving others' intoxication as dangerous to oneself may motivate support for stricter alcohol policies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2010000-0
ISSN	1873-4758 ; 0955-3959
ISSN (online)	1873-4758
ISSN	0955-3959
DOI	10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.002
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Article ; Online: Is there gender convergence in risky drinking when taking birth cohorts into account? Evidence from an Australian national survey 2001-13.

Livingston, Michael / Callinan, Sarah / Dietze, Paul / Stanesby, Oliver / Kuntsche, Emmanuel

Addiction (Abingdon, England)

2018 Volume 113, Issue 11, Page(s) 2019–2028

Abstract: Background and aims: Recent studies have argued that there has been substantial gender convergence in alcohol consumption. However, many of these rely on comparisons of different cohorts and do not adjust for age differences in male and female drinking ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Recent studies have argued that there has been substantial gender convergence in alcohol consumption. However, many of these rely on comparisons of different cohorts and do not adjust for age differences in male and female drinking patterns. We aimed to examine (1) whether the gender gap in risky drinking in Australia narrowed between 2001 and 2013, (2) if the evidence for gender convergence (or divergence) was consistent across age groups and (3) how a cohort-focused analysis of gender convergence compared with an age-focused approach. Design: Repeated cross-sectional data from five waves of the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (2001, 2004, 2007, 2010, 2013). Interaction terms in logistic and linear regression models were used to test for significantly different trends between men and women. Setting: Australia. Participants: Australians aged 14 years and older (n = 125 215) who provided data on alcohol consumption in the National Drug Strategy Household Survey. Measurements: Prevalence of long-term risky drinking (average of 20 g or more per day) and prevalence of risky single occasion drinking (12 or more sessions of 50 g or more). Findings: Gender differences were large for all age groups except adolescents (14-17-year-olds), with men typically reporting levels of drinking at least twice as high as women across the study period. Overall, there was statistically significant gender convergence in alcohol use measures showing a slight decrease in men's drinking and a slight increase in women's drinking. However, when age-specific analyses were conducted gender convergence was only observed for 50-69-year-olds. Conclusions: In Australia, gender convergence in risky drinking since 2001 has been evident only in people aged 50-69 years.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Alcohol-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Australia/epidemiology ; Binge Drinking/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk-Taking ; Sex Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1141051-6
ISSN	1360-0443 ; 0965-2140
ISSN (online)	1360-0443
ISSN	0965-2140
DOI	10.1111/add.14279
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