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Article: Feed Safety and the Development of Poultry Intestinal Microbiota.

Stanley, Dragana / Bajagai, Yadav Sharma

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2022 Volume 12, Issue 20

Abstract: The first feed offered to young chicks is likely the most important meal in their life. The complex gut colonisation process is determined with early exposure and during the first days of life before the microbial community is formed. Therefore, ... ...

Abstract	The first feed offered to young chicks is likely the most important meal in their life. The complex gut colonisation process is determined with early exposure and during the first days of life before the microbial community is formed. Therefore, providing access to high-quality feed and an environment enriched in the beneficial and deprived of pathogenic microorganisms during this period is critical. Feed often carries a complex microbial community that can contain major poultry pathogens and a range of chemical contaminants such as heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticides and herbicides, which, although present in minute amounts, can have a profound effect on the development of the microbial community and have a permanent effect on bird's overall health and performance. The magnitude of their interference with gut colonisation in livestock is yet to be determined. Here, we present the animal feed quality issues that can significantly influence the microbial community development, thus severely affecting the bird's health and performance.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani12202890
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Article: Layer chicken microbiota: a comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics across all major gut sections.

Bajagai, Yadav Sharma / Van, Thi Thu Hao / Joat, Nitish / Chousalkar, Kapil / Moore, Robert J / Stanley, Dragana

Journal of animal science and biotechnology

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 20

Abstract: Background: The gut microbiota influences chicken health, welfare, and productivity. A diverse and balanced microbiota has been associated with improved growth, efficient feed utilisation, a well-developed immune system, disease resistance, and stress ... ...

Abstract	Background: The gut microbiota influences chicken health, welfare, and productivity. A diverse and balanced microbiota has been associated with improved growth, efficient feed utilisation, a well-developed immune system, disease resistance, and stress tolerance in chickens. Previous studies on chicken gut microbiota have predominantly focused on broiler chickens and have usually been limited to one or two sections of the digestive system, under controlled research environments, and often sampled at a single time point. To extend these studies, this investigation examined the microbiota of commercially raised layer chickens across all major gut sections of the digestive system and with regular sampling from rearing to the end of production at 80 weeks. The aim was to build a detailed picture of microbiota development across the entire digestive system of layer chickens and study spatial and temporal dynamics. Results: The taxonomic composition of gut microbiota differed significantly between birds in the rearing and production stages, indicating a shift after laying onset. Similar microbiota compositions were observed between proventriculus and gizzard, as well as between jejunum and ileum, likely due to their anatomical proximity. Lactobacillus dominated the upper gut in pullets and the lower gut in older birds. The oesophagus had a high proportion of Proteobacteria, including opportunistic pathogens such as Gallibacterium. Relative abundance of Gallibacterium increased after peak production in multiple gut sections. Aeriscardovia was enriched in the late-lay phase compared to younger birds in multiple gut sections. Age influenced microbial richness and diversity in different organs. The upper gut showed decreased diversity over time, possibly influenced by dietary changes, while the lower gut, specifically cecum and colon, displayed increased richness as birds matured. However, age-related changes were inconsistent across all organs, suggesting the influence of organ-specific factors in microbiota maturation. Conclusion: Addressing a gap in previous research, this study explored the microbiota across all major gut sections and tracked their dynamics from rearing to the end of the production cycle in commercially raised layer chickens. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of microbiota structure and development which help to develop targeted strategies to optimise gut health and overall productivity in poultry production.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2630162-3
ISSN	2049-1891 ; 1674-9782
ISSN (online)	2049-1891
ISSN	1674-9782
DOI	10.1186/s40104-023-00979-1
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Article: Transcriptomic Insights: Phytogenic Modulation of Buffel Grass (

Ren, Xipeng / Trotter, Tieneke / Ashwath, Nanjappa / Stanley, Dragana / Bajagai, Yadav S / Brewer, Philip B

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 13, Issue 9

Abstract: This study explores the impact of a novel phytogenic product containing citric acid, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde on buffel grass ( ...

Abstract	This study explores the impact of a novel phytogenic product containing citric acid, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde on buffel grass (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants13091174
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Article ; Online: Rapid growth of antimicrobial resistance: the role of agriculture in the problem and the solutions

Stanley, Dragana / Batacan, Romeo, Jr / Bajagai, Yadav Sharma

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022 Nov., v. 106, no. 21 p.6953-6962

2022

Abstract: The control of infectious diseases has always been a top medical priority. For years during the so-called antibiotic era, we enjoyed prolonged life expectancy and the benefits of superior pathogen control. The devastating failure of the medical system, ... ...

Abstract	The control of infectious diseases has always been a top medical priority. For years during the so-called antibiotic era, we enjoyed prolonged life expectancy and the benefits of superior pathogen control. The devastating failure of the medical system, agriculture and pharmaceutical companies and the general population to appreciate and safeguard these benefits is now leading us into a grim post-antibiotic era. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) refers to microorganisms becoming resistant to antibiotics that were designed and expected to kill them. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, AMR was recognised by the World Health Organization as the central priority area with growing public awareness of the threat AMR now presents. The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, a project commissioned by the UK government, predicted that the death toll of AMR could be one person every 3 seconds, amounting to 10 million deaths per year by 2050. This review aims to raise awareness of the evergrowing extensiveness of antimicrobial resistance and identify major sources of this adversity, focusing on agriculture’s role in this problem and its solutions. KEYPOINTS: • Widespread development of antibiotic resistance is a major global health risk. • Antibiotic resistance is abundant in agricultural produce, soil, food, water, air and probiotics. • New approaches are being developed to control and reduce antimicrobial resistance.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; World Health Organization ; agricultural products ; air ; antibiotic resistance ; antibiotics ; death ; longevity ; pathogens ; probiotics ; risk ; soil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-11
Size	p. 6953-6962.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Review
ZDB-ID	392453-1
ISSN	1432-0614 ; 0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
ISSN (online)	1432-0614
ISSN	0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
DOI	10.1007/s00253-022-12193-6
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Rapid growth of antimicrobial resistance: the role of agriculture in the problem and the solutions.

Stanley, Dragana / Batacan, Romeo / Bajagai, Yadav Sharma

Applied microbiology and biotechnology

2022 Volume 106, Issue 21, Page(s) 6953–6962

Abstract	The control of infectious diseases has always been a top medical priority. For years during the so-called antibiotic era, we enjoyed prolonged life expectancy and the benefits of superior pathogen control. The devastating failure of the medical system, agriculture and pharmaceutical companies and the general population to appreciate and safeguard these benefits is now leading us into a grim post-antibiotic era. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) refers to microorganisms becoming resistant to antibiotics that were designed and expected to kill them. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, AMR was recognised by the World Health Organization as the central priority area with growing public awareness of the threat AMR now presents. The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, a project commissioned by the UK government, predicted that the death toll of AMR could be one person every 3 seconds, amounting to 10 million deaths per year by 2050. This review aims to raise awareness of the evergrowing extensiveness of antimicrobial resistance and identify major sources of this adversity, focusing on agriculture's role in this problem and its solutions. KEYPOINTS: • Widespread development of antibiotic resistance is a major global health risk. • Antibiotic resistance is abundant in agricultural produce, soil, food, water, air and probiotics. • New approaches are being developed to control and reduce antimicrobial resistance.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 ; Agriculture ; Soil ; Water ; Pharmaceutical Preparations
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Soil ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Pharmaceutical Preparations
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-05
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	392453-1
ISSN	1432-0614 ; 0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
ISSN (online)	1432-0614
ISSN	0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
DOI	10.1007/s00253-022-12193-6
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Article ; Online: Pioneering gut health improvements in piglets with phytogenic feed additives.

Yu, Sung Joon / Morris, Andrew / Kayal, Advait / Milošević, Ivan / Van, Thi Thu Hao / Bajagai, Yadav Sharma / Stanley, Dragana

Applied microbiology and biotechnology

2024 Volume 108, Issue 1, Page(s) 142

Abstract: This research investigates the effects of phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) on the growth performance, gut microbial community, and microbial metabolic functions in weaned piglets via a combined 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomics approach. A ... ...

Abstract	This research investigates the effects of phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) on the growth performance, gut microbial community, and microbial metabolic functions in weaned piglets via a combined 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomics approach. A controlled trial was conducted using 200 pigs to highlight the significant influence of PFAs on gut microbiota dynamics. Notably, the treatment group revealed an increased gut microbiota diversity, as measured with the Shannon and Simpson indices. The increase in diversity is accompanied by an increase in beneficial bacterial taxa, such as Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotella, and a decline in potential pathogens like Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Campylobacter. Shotgun sequencing at the species level confirmed these findings. This modification in microbial profile was coupled with an altered profile of microbial metabolic pathways, suggesting a reconfiguration of microbial function under PFA influence. Significant shifts in overall microbial community structure by week 8 demonstrate PFA treatment's temporal impact. Histomorphological examination unveiled improved gut structure in PFA-treated piglets. The results of this study indicate that the use of PFAs as dietary supplements can be an effective strategy, augmenting gut microbiota diversity, reshaping microbial function, enhancing gut structure, and optimising intestinal health of weaned piglets providing valuable implications for swine production. KEY POINTS: • PFAs significantly diversify the gut microbiota in weaned piglets, aiding balance. • Changes in gut structure due to PFAs indicate improved resistance to weaning stress. • PFAs show potential to ease weaning stress, offering a substitute for antibiotics in piglet diets.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Swine ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Microbiota ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Fluorocarbons
Chemical Substances	RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Fluorocarbons
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392453-1
ISSN	1432-0614 ; 0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
ISSN (online)	1432-0614
ISSN	0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
DOI	10.1007/s00253-023-12925-2
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Article: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Horyanto, Darwin / Bajagai, Yadav S / Kayal, Advait / von Hellens, Juhani / Chen, Xiaojing / Van, Thi Thu Hao / Radovanović, Anita / Stanley, Dragana

Microorganisms

2024 Volume 12, Issue 2

Abstract: The supplementation of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) has been banned in many countries because of the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in poultry products and the environment. Probiotics have been broadly studied and demonstrated as ...

Abstract	The supplementation of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) has been banned in many countries because of the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in poultry products and the environment. Probiotics have been broadly studied and demonstrated as a promising AGP substitute. Our study is centred on the effects of a multi-strain
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms12020419
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Article ; Online: Phytogen Improves Performance during Spotty Liver Disease by Impeding Bacterial Metabolism and Pathogenicity.

Yu, Sung J / Bajagai, Yadav S / Petranyi, Friedrich / Stanley, Dragana

Applied and environmental microbiology

2022 Volume 88, Issue 18, Page(s) e0075822

Abstract: A range of antibiotic alternative products is increasingly studied and manufactured in the current animal agriculture, particularly in the poultry industry. Phytogenic feed additives are known for their remarkable ability to suppress pathogens such ... ...

Abstract	A range of antibiotic alternative products is increasingly studied and manufactured in the current animal agriculture, particularly in the poultry industry. Phytogenic feed additives are known for their remarkable ability to suppress pathogens such as
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acids ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Animals ; Bacteria ; Chickens/microbiology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Liver Diseases/microbiology ; Poultry ; Virulence ; Vitamins
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Vitamins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	223011-2
ISSN	1098-5336 ; 0099-2240
ISSN (online)	1098-5336
ISSN	0099-2240
DOI	10.1128/aem.00758-22
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Article: Application of Phytogenic Liquid Supplementation in Soil Microbiome Restoration in Queensland Pasture Dieback.

Ren, Xipeng / Whitton, Maria M / Yu, Sung J / Trotter, Tieneke / Bajagai, Yadav S / Stanley, Dragana

Microorganisms

2023 Volume 11, Issue 3

Abstract: Pasture production is vital in cattle farming as it provides animals with food and nutrients. Australia, as a significant global beef producer, has been experiencing pasture dieback, a syndrome of deteriorating grassland that results in the loss of grass ...

Abstract	Pasture production is vital in cattle farming as it provides animals with food and nutrients. Australia, as a significant global beef producer, has been experiencing pasture dieback, a syndrome of deteriorating grassland that results in the loss of grass and the expansion of weeds. Despite two decades of research and many remediation attempts, there has yet to be a breakthrough in understanding the causes or mechanisms involved. Suggested causes of this phenomenon include soil and plant microbial pathogens, insect infestation, extreme heat stress, radiation, and others. Plants produce a range of phytomolecules with antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, growth-promoting, and immunostimulant effects to protect themselves from a range of environmental stresses. These products are currently used more in human and veterinary health than in agronomy. In this study, we applied a phytogenic product containing citric acid, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde, to investigate its ability to alleviate pasture dieback. The phytogenic liquid-based solution was sprayed twice, one week apart, at 5.4 L per hectare. The soil microbial community was investigated longitudinally to determine long-term effects, and pasture productivity and plant morphometric improvements were explored. The phytogenic liquid significantly improved post-drought recovery of alpha diversity and altered temporal and spatial change in the community. The phytogenic liquid reduced biomarker genera associated with poor and polluted soils and significantly promoted plant and soil beneficial bacteria associated with plant rhizosphere and a range of soil benefits. Phytogenic liquid application produced plant morphology improvements and a consistent enhancement of pasture productivity extending beyond 18 months post-application. Our data show that phytogenic products used in the livestock market as an alternative to antibiotics may also have a beneficial role in agriculture, especially in the light of climate change-related soil maintenance and remediation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms11030561
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Article ; Online: The temporal fluctuations and development of faecal microbiota in commercial layer flocks.

Joat, Nitish / Bajagai, Yadav S / Van, Thi Thu Hao / Stanley, Dragana / Chousalkar, Kapil / Moore, Robert J

Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui)

2023 Volume 15, Page(s) 197–209

Abstract: The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract influences gut health, which in turn strongly impacts the general health and productivity of laying hens. It is essential to characterise the composition and temporal development of the gut microbiota in ... ...

Abstract	The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract influences gut health, which in turn strongly impacts the general health and productivity of laying hens. It is essential to characterise the composition and temporal development of the gut microbiota in healthy layers raised under different management systems, to understand the variations in typical healthy microbiota structure, so that deviations from this might be recognised and correlated with production and health issues when they arise. The present investigation aimed to study the temporal development and phylogenetic composition of the gut microbiota of four commercially raised layer flocks from hatch to end of the production cycle. Non-intrusive faecal sampling was undertaken as a proxy to represent the gut microbiota. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to characterise the microbiota. Beta diversity analysis indicated that each faecal microbiota was different across the four flocks and had subtly different temporal development patterns. Despite these inter-flock differences, common patterns of microbiota development were identified. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were dominant at an early age in all flocks. The microbiota developed gradually during the rearing phase; richness and diversity increased after 42 d of age and then underwent significant changes in composition after the shift to the production farms, with Bacteroidota becoming more dominant in older birds. By developing a more profound knowledge of normal microbiota development in layers, opportunities to harness the microbiota to aid in the management of layer gut health and productivity may be more clearly seen and realised.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-09
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2405-6383
ISSN (online)	2405-6383
DOI	10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.006
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