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  1. Article: Assigning credit where it's due: An information content score to capture the clinical value of Multiplexed Assays of Variant Effect.

    Ranola, John Michael O / Horton, Carrie / Pesaran, Tina / Fayer, Shawn / Starita, Lea M / Shirts, Brian H

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Background: A variant can be pathogenic or benign with relation to a human disease. Current classification categories from benign to pathogenic reflect a probabilistic summary of current understanding. A primary metric of clinical utility for ... ...

    Abstract Background: A variant can be pathogenic or benign with relation to a human disease. Current classification categories from benign to pathogenic reflect a probabilistic summary of current understanding. A primary metric of clinical utility for multiplexed assays of variant effect (MAVE) is the number of variants that can be reclassified from uncertain significance (VUS). However, we hypothesized that this measure of utility underrepresents the information gained from MAVEs and that an information theory approach which includes data that does not reclassify variants will better reflect true information gain. We used this information theory approach to evaluate the information gain, in bits, for MAVEs of
    Results: BRCA1
    Conclusions: An information content approach will more accurately portray information gained through MAVE mapping efforts than counting the number of variants reclassified. This information content approach may also help define the impact of modifying information definitions used to classify many variants, such as guideline rule changes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.10.20.562794
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Care-seeking correlates of acute respiratory illness among sheltered adults experiencing homelessness in Seattle, WA, 2019: a community-based cross-sectional study.

    Rogers, Julia H / Hawes, Stephen E / Wolf, Caitlin R / Hughes, James P / Englund, Janet A / Starita, Lea M / Chu, Helen Y

    Frontiers in public health

    2023  Volume 11, Page(s) 1090148

    Abstract: Objective: Multifarious barriers to accessing healthcare services among people experiencing homelessness (PEH) lead to delays in seeking care for acute infections, including those caused by respiratory viruses. PEH are at high risk of acute respiratory ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Multifarious barriers to accessing healthcare services among people experiencing homelessness (PEH) lead to delays in seeking care for acute infections, including those caused by respiratory viruses. PEH are at high risk of acute respiratory illness (ARI)-related complications, especially in shelter settings that may facilitate virus spread, yet data characterizing healthcare utilization for ARI episodes among sheltered PEH remained limited.
    Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of viral respiratory infection among adult residents at two homeless shelters in Seattle, Washington between January and May 2019. We assessed factors associated with seeking medical care for ARI via self-report. We collected illness questionnaires and nasal swabs were tested for respiratory viruses by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR).
    Results: We observed 825 encounters from 649 unique participants; 241 (29.2%) encounters reported seeking healthcare for their ARI episode. Seasonal influenza vaccine receipt (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.39, 95% CI 1.02-1.88), having health insurance (aPR 2.77, 95% CI 1.27-6.02), chronic lung conditions (aPR 1.55, 95% CI 1.12-2.15), and experiencing influenza-like-illness symptoms (aPR 1.63, 95% CI 1.20 - 2.20) were associated with increased likelihood of seeking care. Smoking (aPR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45-0.92) was associated with decreased likelihood of seeking care.
    Discussion: Findings suggest that care seeking for viral respiratory illness among PEH may be supported by prior engagement with primary healthcare services. Strategies to increase healthcare utilization may lead to earlier detection of respiratory viruses.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adult ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Washington/epidemiology ; Virus Diseases ; Viruses ; Ill-Housed Persons ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2711781-9
    ISSN 2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
    ISSN (online) 2296-2565
    ISSN 2296-2565
    DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1090148
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: DNA Repair Function Scores for 2172 Variants in the BRCA1 Amino-Terminus.

    Diabate, Mariame / Islam, Muhtadi M / Nagy, Gregory / Banerjee, Tapahsama / Dhar, Shruti / Smith, Nahum / Adamovich, Aleksandra I / Starita, Lea M / Parvin, Jeffrey D

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Single nucleotide variants are the most frequent type of sequence changes detected in the genome and these are frequently variants of uncertain significance (VUS). VUS are changes in DNA for which disease risk association is unknown. Thus, methods that ... ...

    Abstract Single nucleotide variants are the most frequent type of sequence changes detected in the genome and these are frequently variants of uncertain significance (VUS). VUS are changes in DNA for which disease risk association is unknown. Thus, methods that classify the functional impact of a VUS can be used as evidence for variant interpretation. In the case of the breast and ovarian cancer specific tumor suppressor protein, BRCA1, pathogenic missense variants frequently score as loss of function in an assay for homology-directed repair (HDR) of DNA double-strand breaks. We previously published functional results using a multiplexed assay for 1056 amino acid substitutions residues 2-192 in the amino terminus of BRCA1. In this study, we have re-assessed the data from this multiplexed assay using an improved analysis pipeline. These new analysis methods yield functional scores for more variants in the first 192 amino acids of BRCA1, plus we report new results for BRCA1 amino acid residues 193-302. We now present the functional classification of 2172 BRCA1 variants in BRCA1 residues 2-302 using the multiplexed HDR assay. Comparison of the functional determinations of the missense variants with clinically known benign or pathogenic variants indicated 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity for this assay. The results from
    Author summary: Most missense substitutions in
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.04.10.536331
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: DNA repair function scores for 2172 variants in the BRCA1 amino-terminus.

    Diabate, Mariame / Islam, Muhtadi M / Nagy, Gregory / Banerjee, Tapahsama / Dhar, Shruti / Smith, Nahum / Adamovich, Aleksandra I / Starita, Lea M / Parvin, Jeffrey D

    PLoS genetics

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 8, Page(s) e1010739

    Abstract: Single nucleotide variants are the most frequent type of sequence changes detected in the genome and these are frequently variants of uncertain significance (VUS). VUS are changes in DNA for which disease risk association is unknown. Thus, methods that ... ...

    Abstract Single nucleotide variants are the most frequent type of sequence changes detected in the genome and these are frequently variants of uncertain significance (VUS). VUS are changes in DNA for which disease risk association is unknown. Thus, methods that classify the functional impact of a VUS can be used as evidence for variant interpretation. In the case of the breast and ovarian cancer specific tumor suppressor protein, BRCA1, pathogenic missense variants frequently score as loss of function in an assay for homology-directed repair (HDR) of DNA double-strand breaks. We previously published functional results using a multiplexed assay for 1056 amino acid substitutions residues 2-192 in the amino terminus of BRCA1. In this study, we have re-assessed the data from this multiplexed assay using an improved analysis pipeline. These new analysis methods yield functional scores for more variants in the first 192 amino acids of BRCA1, plus we report new results for BRCA1 amino acid residues 193-302. We now present the functional classification of 2172 BRCA1 variants in BRCA1 residues 2-302 using the multiplexed HDR assay. Comparison of the functional determinations of the missense variants with clinically known benign or pathogenic variants indicated 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity for this assay. The results from BRCA1 variants tested in this assay are a resource for clinical geneticists for evidence to evaluate VUS in BRCA1.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; BRCA1 Protein/genetics ; BRCA1 Protein/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; DNA ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Mutation, Missense ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Recombinational DNA Repair ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
    Chemical Substances BRCA1 Protein ; BRCA1 protein, human ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2186725-2
    ISSN 1553-7404 ; 1553-7390
    ISSN (online) 1553-7404
    ISSN 1553-7390
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010739
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: home

    Lim, Fang Yun / Lea, Hannah G / Dostie, Ashley / van Neel, Tammi / Hassan, Grant / Takezawa, Meg G / Starita, Lea M / Adams, Karen / Boeckh, Michael / Schiffer, Joshua T / Waghmare, Alpana / Berthier, Erwin / Theberge, Ashleigh B

    medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Early host immunity to acute respiratory infections (ARIs) is heterogenous, dynamic, and critical to an individual's infection outcome. Due to limitations in sampling frequency/timepoints, kinetics of early immune dynamics in natural human ... ...

    Abstract Background: Early host immunity to acute respiratory infections (ARIs) is heterogenous, dynamic, and critical to an individual's infection outcome. Due to limitations in sampling frequency/timepoints, kinetics of early immune dynamics in natural human infections remain poorly understood. In this nationwide prospective cohort study, we leveraged a self-blood collection tool (
    Methods: We enrolled non-symptomatic adults with recent exposure to ARIs who subsequently tested negative (exposed-uninfected) or positive for respiratory pathogens. Participants self-collected blood and nasal swabs daily for seven consecutive days followed by weekly blood collection for up to seven additional weeks. Symptom burden was assessed during each collection. Nasal swabs were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and common respiratory pathogens. 92 longitudinal blood samples spanning the pre-shedding to post-acute phase of eight SARS-CoV-2-infected participants and 40 interval-matched samples from four exposed-uninfected participants were subjected to high-frequency longitudinal profiling of 773 host immune genes.
    Findings: Between June 2021 - April 2022, 68 participants across 26 U.S. states completed the study and self-collected a total of 691 and 466 longitudinal blood and nasal swab samples along with 688 symptom surveys. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 17 out of 22 individuals with study-confirmed respiratory infection. With rapid dissemination of home self-collection kits, two and four COVID-19+ participants started collection prior to viral shedding and symptom onset, respectively, enabling us to profile detailed expression kinetics of the earliest blood transcriptional response to contemporaneous variants of concern. In pre-shedding samples, we observed transient but robust expression of T-cell response signatures, transcription factor complexes, prostaglandin biosynthesis genes, pyrogenic cytokines, and cytotoxic granule genes. This is followed by a rapid induction of many interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), concurrent to onset of viral shedding and increase in nasal viral load. Finally, we observed increased expression of host defense peptides (HDPs) in exposed-uninfected individuals over the 4-week observational window.
    Interpretation: We demonstrated that unsupervised self-collection and stabilization of capillary blood can be applied to natural infection studies to characterize detailed early host immune kinetics at a temporal resolution comparable to that of human challenge studies. The remote (decentralized) study framework enables conduct of large-scale population-wide longitudinal mechanistic studies. Expression of cytotoxic/T-cell signatures in pre-shedding samples preceding expansion of innate ISGs suggests a potential role for T-cell mediated pathogen control during early infection. Elevated expression of HDPs in exposed-uninfected individuals warrants further validation studies to assess their potential role in protective immunity during pathogen exposure.
    Funding: This study was funded by R35GM128648 to ABT for in-lab developments of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.10.12.23296835
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Workshop report: the clinical application of data from multiplex assays of variant effect (MAVEs), 12 July 2023.

    Allen, Sophie / Garrett, Alice / Muffley, Lara / Fayer, Shawn / Foreman, Julia / Adams, David J / Hurles, Matthew / Rubin, Alan F / Roth, Frederick P / Starita, Lea M / Biesecker, Leslie G / Turnbull, Clare

    European journal of human genetics : EJHG

    2024  Volume 32, Issue 5, Page(s) 593–600

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Genetic Testing/standards ; Genetic Testing/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Journal Article ; Congress
    ZDB-ID 1141470-4
    ISSN 1476-5438 ; 1018-4813
    ISSN (online) 1476-5438
    ISSN 1018-4813
    DOI 10.1038/s41431-024-01566-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Multiplex Target-Redundant RT-LAMP for Robust Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Fluorescent Universal Displacement Probes.

    Kline, Enos C / Panpradist, Nuttada / Hull, Ian T / Wang, Qin / Oreskovic, Amy K / Han, Peter D / Starita, Lea M / Lutz, Barry R

    Microbiology spectrum

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) e0158321

    Abstract: The increasing prevalence of variant lineages during the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to disrupt molecular diagnostics due to mismatches between primers and variant templates. Point-of-care molecular diagnostics, which often lack the complete ... ...

    Abstract The increasing prevalence of variant lineages during the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to disrupt molecular diagnostics due to mismatches between primers and variant templates. Point-of-care molecular diagnostics, which often lack the complete functionality of their high-throughput laboratory counterparts, are particularly susceptible to this type of disruption, which can result in false-negative results. To address this challenge, we have developed a robust Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification assay with single tube multiplexed multitarget redundancy and an internal amplification control. A convenient and cost-effective target-specific fluorescence detection system allows amplifications to be grouped by signal using adaptable probes for pooled reporting of SARS-CoV-2 target amplifications or differentiation of the Internal Amplification Control. Over the course of the pandemic, primer coverage of viral lineages by the three redundant sub-assays has varied from assay to assay as they have diverged from the Wuhan-Hu-1 isolate sequence, but aggregate coverage has remained high for all variant sequences analyzed, with a minimum of 97.4% (Variant of Interest: Eta). In three instances (Delta, Gamma, Eta), a high-frequency mismatch with one of the three sub-assays was observed, but overall coverage remained high due to multitarget redundancy. When challenged with extracted human samples the multiplex assay showed 87% or better sensitivity (of 30 positive samples), with 100% sensitivity for samples containing greater than 30 copies of viral RNA per reaction (of 21 positive samples), and 100% specificity (of 60 negative samples). These results are further evidence that conventional laboratory methodologies can be leveraged at the point of care for robust performance and diagnostic stability over time.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Chemical Substances Fluorescent Dyes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2807133-5
    ISSN 2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
    ISSN (online) 2165-0497
    ISSN 2165-0497
    DOI 10.1128/spectrum.01583-21
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Deep Mutational Scanning: Library Construction, Functional Selection, and High-Throughput Sequencing.

    Starita, Lea M / Fields, Stanley

    Cold Spring Harbor protocols

    2015  Volume 2015, Issue 8, Page(s) 777–780

    Abstract: Deep mutational scanning is a highly parallel method that uses high-throughput sequencing to track changes in >10(5) protein variants before and after selection to measure the effects of mutations on protein function. Here we outline the stages of a deep ...

    Abstract Deep mutational scanning is a highly parallel method that uses high-throughput sequencing to track changes in >10(5) protein variants before and after selection to measure the effects of mutations on protein function. Here we outline the stages of a deep mutational scanning experiment, focusing on the construction of libraries of protein sequence variants and the preparation of Illumina sequencing libraries.
    MeSH term(s) DNA Mutational Analysis/methods ; Genetic Testing/methods ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods ; Molecular Biology/methods ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1559-6095
    ISSN (online) 1559-6095
    DOI 10.1101/pdb.prot085225
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Deep Mutational Scanning: Calculating Enrichment Scores for Protein Variants from DNA Sequencing Output Files.

    Starita, Lea M / Fields, Stanley

    Cold Spring Harbor protocols

    2015  Volume 2015, Issue 8, Page(s) 781–783

    Abstract: During a deep mutational scanning experiment, a collection of variants of a given protein is subjected to high-throughput sequencing before and after selection. The variants that perform well during selection will increase in abundance, whereas those ... ...

    Abstract During a deep mutational scanning experiment, a collection of variants of a given protein is subjected to high-throughput sequencing before and after selection. The variants that perform well during selection will increase in abundance, whereas those that perform poorly will decrease. Generating a sequence-function map of a protein from a deep mutational scan requires the calculation and comparison of the enrichment scores for each protein variant, based on the results of high-throughput DNA sequencing output files. Here we describe the use of the software program Enrich, which was written specifically for the data analysis phase of a deep mutational scanning experiment.
    MeSH term(s) Computational Biology/methods ; DNA Mutational Analysis/methods ; Genetic Testing/methods ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods ; Molecular Biology/methods ; Software
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1559-6095
    ISSN (online) 1559-6095
    DOI 10.1101/pdb.prot085233
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Deep Mutational Scanning: A Highly Parallel Method to Measure the Effects of Mutation on Protein Function.

    Starita, Lea M / Fields, Stanley

    Cold Spring Harbor protocols

    2015  Volume 2015, Issue 8, Page(s) 711–714

    Abstract: Deep mutational scanning is a method that makes use of next-generation sequencing technology to measure in a single experiment the activity of 10(5) or more unique variants of a protein. Because of this depth of mutational coverage, this strategy ... ...

    Abstract Deep mutational scanning is a method that makes use of next-generation sequencing technology to measure in a single experiment the activity of 10(5) or more unique variants of a protein. Because of this depth of mutational coverage, this strategy provides data that can be analyzed to reveal many protein properties. Deep mutational scanning approaches are particularly amenable to being performed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, given the extensive toolkit of reagents and technologies available for this organism.
    MeSH term(s) DNA Mutational Analysis/methods ; Genetic Testing/methods ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods ; Molecular Biology/methods ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1559-6095
    ISSN (online) 1559-6095
    DOI 10.1101/pdb.top077503
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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