LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 46

Search options

  1. Article: Perception of the McGurk effect in people with one eye depends on whether the eye is removed during infancy or adulthood.

    Moro, Stefania S / Qureshi, Faizaan A / Steeves, Jennifer K E

    Frontiers in neuroscience

    2023  Volume 17, Page(s) 1217831

    Abstract: Background: The visual system is not fully mature at birth and continues to develop throughout infancy until it reaches adult levels through late childhood and adolescence. Disruption of vision during this postnatal period and prior to visual maturation ...

    Abstract Background: The visual system is not fully mature at birth and continues to develop throughout infancy until it reaches adult levels through late childhood and adolescence. Disruption of vision during this postnatal period and prior to visual maturation results in deficits of visual processing and in turn may affect the development of complementary senses. Studying people who have had one eye surgically removed during early postnatal development is a useful model for understanding timelines of sensory development and the role of binocularity in visual system maturation. Adaptive auditory and audiovisual plasticity following the loss of one eye early in life has been observed for both low-and high-level visual stimuli. Notably, people who have had one eye removed early in life perceive the McGurk effect much less than binocular controls.
    Methods: The current study investigates whether multisensory compensatory mechanisms are also present in people who had one eye removed late in life, after postnatal visual system maturation, by measuring whether they perceive the McGurk effect compared to binocular controls and people who have had one eye removed early in life.
    Results: People who had one eye removed late in life perceived the McGurk effect similar to binocular viewing controls, unlike those who had one eye removed early in life.
    Conclusion: This suggests differences in multisensory compensatory mechanisms based on age at surgical eye removal. These results indicate that cross-modal adaptations for the loss of binocularity may be dependent on plasticity levels during cortical development.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2411902-7
    ISSN 1662-453X ; 1662-4548
    ISSN (online) 1662-453X
    ISSN 1662-4548
    DOI 10.3389/fnins.2023.1217831
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  2. Article ; Online: Assessment of implicit COVID-19 attitudes using affective priming for pro-vaccine and vaccine-hesitant individuals.

    Moro, Stefania S / Steeves, Jennifer K E

    Journal of health psychology

    2023  Volume 28, Issue 14, Page(s) 1331–1344

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the introduction of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions such as precautionary behaviours. The current study used affective priming to evaluate COVID-19 attitudes in vaccine-hesitant and pro-vaccine ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the introduction of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions such as precautionary behaviours. The current study used affective priming to evaluate COVID-19 attitudes in vaccine-hesitant and pro-vaccine participants. Explicitly, both groups rated their overall perception of risk associated with contracting COVID-19 significantly lower compared to their perception of necessary precautions and overall adherence to public health measures. Pro-vaccine participants rated their perception of necessary precautions higher compared to vaccine-hesitant participants. During baseline measures, both groups classified COVID-19 affiliated words as unpleasant. Affective priming was observed for congruent prime-target pleasant and unpleasant word pairs but was not observed for COVID-19 related word pairs. Differences between groups in the perception of necessary public health precautions points to different underlying pathways for reduced perceived risk and lack of affective priming. These results refine previous findings indicating that implicit attitudes towards COVID-19 can be measured using the affective priming paradigm.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Affect ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Reaction Time ; Attitude ; Vaccination
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2021897-7
    ISSN 1461-7277 ; 1359-1053
    ISSN (online) 1461-7277
    ISSN 1359-1053
    DOI 10.1177/13591053231176261
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  3. Book: Plasticity in sensory systems

    Steeves, Jennifer K. E. / Harris, Laurence R.

    2013  

    Author's details ed. by Jennifer K. E. Steeves and Laurence R. Harris
    Keywords Visual Cortex / physiology ; Visual Pathways / physiology ; Visual Perception / physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity / physiology ; Vision Disorders / physiopathology
    Language English
    Size X, 277 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Cambridge Univ. Press
    Publishing place Cambridge
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book
    Note Includes bibliographical references and indexes ; Deficits and adaptation of eye-hand coordination during visually-guided reaching movements in people with amblyopia -- Beyond the critical period : acquiring stereopsis in adulthood -- The distributed nature of visual object learning -- Building the brain in the dark : functional and specific crossmodal reorganization in the occipital cortex of blind individuals -- Plasticity and restoration after visual system damage : clinical applications of the residual vision activation theory -- Motor adaptation and proprioceptive recalibration -- Visual plasticity of the adult brain -- Applying plasticity to visual rehabilitation in adulthood -- Visual adaptations of vertebrates that transition between aquatic and terrestrial environments -- Human visual plasticity : lessons from children treated for congenital cataracts -- Living with one eye : plasticity in visual and auditory systems -- Crossmodal plasticity in early blindness
    HBZ-ID HT017956110
    ISBN 978-1-107-02262-1 ; 1-107-02262-2
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

    More links

    Kategorien

  4. Article ; Online: Modulating intrinsic functional connectivity with visual cortex using low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.

    Rafique, Sara A / Steeves, Jennifer K E

    Brain and behavior

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) e2491

    Abstract: Introduction: Intrinsic network connectivity becomes altered in pathophysiology. Noninvasive brain stimulation can modulate pathological functional networks in an attempt to restore the inherent response. To determine its usefulness for visual-related ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Intrinsic network connectivity becomes altered in pathophysiology. Noninvasive brain stimulation can modulate pathological functional networks in an attempt to restore the inherent response. To determine its usefulness for visual-related disorders, we developed procedures investigating repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocols targeting the visual cortex on modulating connectivity associated with the visual network and default mode network (DMN).
    Methods: We compared two low-frequency (1 Hz) rTMS protocols to the visual cortex (V1)-a single 20 min session and five successive 20 min sessions (accelerated/within-session rTMS)-using multi-echo resting-state functional magnetic resonance whole-brain imaging and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). We also explored the relationship between rsFC and rTMS-induced changes in key inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. GABA (GABA+) and glutamate (Glx) concentrations were measured in vivo using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
    Results: Acute disruption with a single rTMS session caused widespread connectivity reconfiguration with nodes of interest. Changes were not evident immediately post-rTMS but were observed at 1 h post-rTMS. Accelerated sessions resulted in weak alterations in connectivity, producing a relatively homeostatic response. Changes in GABA+ and Glx concentrations with network connectivity were dependent on the rTMS protocol.
    Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study offers new perspectives to assess stimulation-induced neural processes involved in intrinsic functional connectivity and the potential for rTMS to modulate nodes interconnected with the visual cortex. The differential effects of single-session and accelerated rTMS on physiological markers are crucial for furthering the advancement of treatment modalities in visual cortex related disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Glutamic Acid ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods ; Visual Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
    Chemical Substances Glutamic Acid (3KX376GY7L) ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (56-12-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2623587-0
    ISSN 2162-3279 ; 2162-3279
    ISSN (online) 2162-3279
    ISSN 2162-3279
    DOI 10.1002/brb3.2491
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  5. Article ; Online: Continuous and intermittent theta burst stimulation to the visual cortex do not alter GABA and glutamate concentrations measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

    Stoby, Karlene S / Rafique, Sara A / Oeltzschner, Georg / Steeves, Jennifer K E

    Brain and behavior

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) e2478

    Abstract: Background: Theta burst stimulation (TBS), a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), uses repeated high-frequency bursts to non-invasively modulate neural processes in the brain. An intermittent TBS (iTBS) protocol is generally ... ...

    Abstract Background: Theta burst stimulation (TBS), a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), uses repeated high-frequency bursts to non-invasively modulate neural processes in the brain. An intermittent TBS (iTBS) protocol is generally considered "excitatory," while continuous TBS (cTBS) is considered "inhibitory." However, the majority of work that has led to these effects being associated with the respective protocols has been done in the motor cortex, and it is well established that TMS can have variable effects across the brain.
    Objectives and method: We investigated the effects of iTBS and cTBS to the primary visual cortex (V1) on composite levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid + co-edited macromolecules (GABA+) and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) since these are key inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, respectively. Participants received a single session of cTBS, iTBS, or sham TBS to V1. GABA+ and Glx were quantified in vivo at the stimulation site using spectral-edited proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (
    Results: There were no significant changes in GABA+ or Glx following either of the TBS conditions. Visual cortical excitability, measured using phosphene thresholds, remained unchanged following both cTBS and iTBS conditions. There was no relationship between excitability thresholds and GABA+ or Glx levels. However, TBS did alter the relationship between GABA+ and Glx for up to 1 h following stimulation.
    Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that a single session of TBS to the visual cortex can be used without significant effects on the tonic levels of these key neurotransmitters; and add to our understanding that TBS has differential effects at visual, motor, and frontal cortices.
    MeSH term(s) Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology ; Glutamic Acid ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods ; Visual Cortex ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
    Chemical Substances Glutamic Acid (3KX376GY7L) ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (56-12-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2623587-0
    ISSN 2162-3279 ; 2162-3279
    ISSN (online) 2162-3279
    ISSN 2162-3279
    DOI 10.1002/brb3.2478
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  6. Article ; Online: Lack of affective priming indicates attitude-behaviour discrepancy for COVID-19 affiliated words.

    Moro, Stefania S / Steeves, Jennifer K E

    Scientific reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 21912

    Abstract: The ongoing novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the enforcement of national public health safety measures including precautionary behaviours such as border closures, movement restrictions, total or partial lockdowns, social distancing, ... ...

    Abstract The ongoing novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the enforcement of national public health safety measures including precautionary behaviours such as border closures, movement restrictions, total or partial lockdowns, social distancing, and face mask mandates in order to reduce the spread of this disease. The current study uses affective priming, an indirect behavioural measure of implicit attitude, to evaluate COVID-19 attitudes. Explicitly, participants rated their overall risk perception associated with contracting COVID-19 significantly lower compared to their perception of necessary precautions and overall adherence to public health measures. During baseline trials, participants explicitly rated COVID-19 affiliated words as unpleasant, similar to traditional unpleasant word stimuli. Despite rating the COVID-19 affiliated words as unpleasant, affective priming was not observed for congruent prime-target COVID-19 affiliated word pairs when compared to congruent prime-target pleasant and unpleasant words. Overall, these results provide quantitative evidence that COVID-19 affiliated words do not invoke the same implicit attitude response as traditional pleasant and unpleasant word stimuli, despite conscious explicit rating of the COVID-19 words as unpleasant. This reduction in unpleasant attitude towards COVID-19 related words may contribute towards decreased fear-related behaviours and increased incidences of risky-behaviour facilitating the movement of the virus.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control ; Emotions ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-01210-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  7. Article ; Online: Within-subject reliability of concurrent TMS-fMRI during a single session.

    Hawco, Colin / Steeves, Jennifer K E / Voineskos, Aristotle N / Blumberger, Daniel M / Daskalakis, Zafiris J

    Psychophysiology

    2023  Volume 60, Issue 7, Page(s) e14252

    Abstract: Concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation with functional MRI (concurrent TMS-fMRI) allows real-time causative probing of brain connectivity. However, technical challenges, safety, and tolerability may limit the number of trials employed during a ... ...

    Abstract Concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation with functional MRI (concurrent TMS-fMRI) allows real-time causative probing of brain connectivity. However, technical challenges, safety, and tolerability may limit the number of trials employed during a concurrent TMS-fMRI experiment. We leveraged an existing data set with 100 trials of active TMS compared to a sub-threshold control condition to assess the reliability of the evoked BOLD response during concurrent TMS-fMRI. This data will permit an analysis of the minimum number of trials that should be employed in a concurrent TMS-fMRI protocol in order to achieve reliable spatial changes in activity. Single-subject maps of brain activity were created by splitting the trials within the same experimental session into groups of 50, 40, 30, 25, 20, 15, or 10 trials, correlations (R) between t-maps derived from paired subsets of trials within the same individual were calculated as reliability. R was moderate-high for 50 trials (mean R = .695) and decreased as the number of trials decreased. Consistent with previous findings of high individual variability in the spatial patterns of evoked neuronal changes following a TMS pulse, the spatial pattern of Rs differed across participants, but regional R was correlated with the magnitude of TMS-evoked activity. These results demonstrate concurrent TMS-fMRI produces a reliable pattern of activity at the individual level at higher trial numbers, particularly within localized regions. The spatial pattern of reliability is individually idiosyncratic and related to the individual pattern of evoked changes.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/physiology ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods ; Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209486-1
    ISSN 1540-5958 ; 0048-5772
    ISSN (online) 1540-5958
    ISSN 0048-5772
    DOI 10.1111/psyp.14252
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  8. Article ; Online: Continuous and intermittent theta burst stimulation of primary visual cortex do not modulate resting state functional connectivity: A sham-controlled multi-echo fMRI study.

    Cohan, Remy / Rafique, Sara A / Stoby, Karlene S / Gorbet, Diana J / Steeves, Jennifer K E

    Brain and behavior

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) e2989

    Abstract: Introduction: Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is a type of rTMS protocol which has the advantage of a shorter delivery time over traditional rTMS. When applied to motor cortex, intermittent TBS (iTBS) has been shown to yield excitatory aftereffects, ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is a type of rTMS protocol which has the advantage of a shorter delivery time over traditional rTMS. When applied to motor cortex, intermittent TBS (iTBS) has been shown to yield excitatory aftereffects, whereas continuous TBS (cTBS) may lead to inhibitory aftereffects, both lasting from minutes to hours. The majority of TBS research has targeted motor, frontal, and parietal regions, and to date very few studies have examined its efficacy at visual areas. We designed a sham-controlled study to investigate the immediate poststimulation and short-term (1 h post-stimulation) effects of iTBS and cTBS to V1.
    Methods: Using multiecho functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured the direct and indirect effects of TBS by comparing resting state functional connectivity (FC) before and after stimulation in whole brain networks, and seeds from V1 (stimulation site) and neighboring occipital and parietal visual networks. In addition, we also measured pre- and post-TBS phosphene thresholds (PTs) to examine the modulatory effects of TBS on cortical excitability.
    Results: We found no changes in FC for iTBS, cTBS or sham stimulation conditions from baseline to poststimulation timepoints. Additionally, cTBS and iTBS had no effect on visual cortical excitability.
    Conclusions: Our results indicate that unlike our previous low frequency rTMS to V1 study, which resulted in widespread FC changes up to at least 1 h after stimulation, TBS to V1 does not affect FC. Contrary to the studies showing comparable TBS and rTMS aftereffects in motor and frontal regions, our findings suggest that a single session of cTBS or iTBS to V1 at 80% PT using a standard protocol of 600 pulses may not be effective in targeting FC, especially in clinical settings where therapy for pathological networks is the goal.
    MeSH term(s) Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Primary Visual Cortex ; Research Design ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Controlled Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2623587-0
    ISSN 2162-3279 ; 2162-3279
    ISSN (online) 2162-3279
    ISSN 2162-3279
    DOI 10.1002/brb3.2989
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  9. Article: Brain Activation for Audiovisual Information in People With One Eye Compared to Binocular and Eye-Patched Viewing Controls.

    Moro, Stefania S / Gorbet, Diana J / Steeves, Jennifer K E

    Frontiers in neuroscience

    2020  Volume 14, Page(s) 529

    Abstract: Blindness caused by early vision loss results in complete visual deprivation and subsequent changes in the use of the remaining intact senses. We have also observed adaptive plasticity in the case of partial visual deprivation. The removal of one eye, ... ...

    Abstract Blindness caused by early vision loss results in complete visual deprivation and subsequent changes in the use of the remaining intact senses. We have also observed adaptive plasticity in the case of partial visual deprivation. The removal of one eye, through unilateral eye enucleation, results in partial visual deprivation and is a unique model for examining the consequences of the loss of binocularity. Partial deprivation of the visual system from the loss of one eye early in life results in behavioral and structural changes in the remaining senses, namely auditory and audiovisual systems. In the current study we use functional neuroimaging data to relate function and behavior of the audiovisual system in this rare patient group compared to controls viewing binocularly or with one eye patched. In Experiment 1, a whole brain analysis compared common regions of cortical activation between groups, for auditory, visual and audiovisual stimuli. People with one eye demonstrated a trend for increased activation for low-level audiovisual stimuli compared to patched viewing controls but did not differ from binocular viewing controls. In Experiment 2, a region of interest (ROI) analysis for auditory, visual, audiovisual and illusory McGurk stimuli revealed that people with one eye had an increased trend for left hemisphere audiovisual activation for McGurk stimuli compared to binocular viewing controls. This aligns with current behavioral analysis and previous research showing reduced McGurk Effect in people with one eye. Furthermore, there is no evidence of a correlation between behavioral performance on the McGurk Effect task and functional activation. Together with previous behavioral work, these functional data contribute to the broader understanding of cross-sensory effects of early sensory deprivation from eye enucleation. Overall, these results contribute to a better understanding of the sensory deficits experienced by people with one eye, as well as, the relationship between behavior, structure and function in order to better predict the outcome of early partial visual deafferentation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2411902-7
    ISSN 1662-453X ; 1662-4548
    ISSN (online) 1662-453X
    ISSN 1662-4548
    DOI 10.3389/fnins.2020.00529
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  10. Article ; Online: Assessing differential effects of single and accelerated low-frequency rTMS to the visual cortex on GABA and glutamate concentrations.

    Rafique, Sara A / Steeves, Jennifer K E

    Brain and behavior

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 12, Page(s) e01845

    Abstract: Background: The application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for therapeutic use in visual-related disorders and its underlying mechanisms in the visual cortex is under-investigated. Additionally, there is little examination of ... ...

    Abstract Background: The application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for therapeutic use in visual-related disorders and its underlying mechanisms in the visual cortex is under-investigated. Additionally, there is little examination of rTMS adverse effects particularly with regards to visual and cognitive function. Neural plasticity is key in rehabilitation and recovery of function; thus, effective therapeutic strategies must be capable of modulating plasticity. Glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated changes in the balance between excitation and inhibition are prominent features in visual cortical plasticity.
    Objectives and method: We investigated the effects of low-frequency (1 Hz) rTMS to the visual cortex on levels of neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate to determine the therapeutic potential of 1 Hz rTMS for visual-related disorders. Two rTMS regimes commonly used in clinical applications were investigated: participants received rTMS to the visual cortex either in a single 20-min session or five accelerated 20-min sessions (not previously investigated at the visual cortex). Proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy for in vivo quantification of GABA (assessed via GABA+) and glutamate (assessed via Glx) concentrations was performed pre- and post-rTMS.
    Results: GABA+ and Glx concentrations were unaltered following a single session of rTMS to the visual cortex. One day of accelerated rTMS significantly reduced GABA+ concentration for up to 24 hr, with levels returning to baseline by 1-week post-rTMS. Basic visual and cognitive function remained largely unchanged.
    Conclusion: Accelerated 1 Hz rTMS to the visual cortex has greater potential for approaches targeting plasticity or in cases with altered GABAergic responses in visual disorders. Notably, these results provide preliminary insight into a critical window of plasticity with accelerated rTMS (e.g., 24 hr) in which adjunct therapies may offer better functional outcome. We describe detailed procedures to enable further exploration of these protocols.
    MeSH term(s) Glutamic Acid ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Visual Cortex ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
    Chemical Substances Glutamic Acid (3KX376GY7L) ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (56-12-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2623587-0
    ISSN 2162-3279 ; 2162-3279
    ISSN (online) 2162-3279
    ISSN 2162-3279
    DOI 10.1002/brb3.1845
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

To top