Article ; Online: Heat Shock Protein 70 as a Double Agent Acting Inside and Outside the Cell
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 5298, p
Insights into Autoimmunity
2020 Volume 5298
Abstract: Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are a diverse group of constitutive and/or stress-induced molecules that are categorized into several classes on the basis of their molecular weight. Mammalian Hsp have been mostly regarded as intracellular chaperones that ... ...
| Abstract | Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are a diverse group of constitutive and/or stress-induced molecules that are categorized into several classes on the basis of their molecular weight. Mammalian Hsp have been mostly regarded as intracellular chaperones that mediate a range of essential cellular functions, including proper folding of newly synthesized polypeptides, refolding of denatured proteins, protein transport, and stabilization of native proteins’ structures. The well-characterized and highly evolutionarily conserved, stress-inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70), is a key molecular chaperone that is overexpressed in the cell in response to stress of various origin. Hsp70 exhibits an immunosuppressive activity via, e.g., downregulation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, and pharmacological induction of Hsp70 can ameliorate the autoimmune arthritis development in animal models. Moreover, Hsp70 might be passively or actively released from the necrotic or stressed cells, respectively. Highly immunogenic extracellular Hsp70 has been reported to impact both the innate and adaptive immune responses, and to be implicated in the autoimmune reaction. In addition, preclinical studies revealed that immunization with highly conserved Hsp70 peptides could be regarded as a potential treatment target for autoimmune arthritis, such as the rheumatoid arthritis, via induction of antigen-specific regulatory T helper cells (also called Treg). Here, a dual role of the intra- and extracellular Hsp70 is presented in the context of the autoimmune reaction. |
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| Keywords | Heat shock proteins ; Hsp ; Hsp70 ; autoimmune diseases ; inflammation ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999 |
| Subject code | 616 |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z |
| Publisher | MDPI AG |
| Document type | Article ; Online |
| Database | BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection) |
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