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Article ; Online: Methods for SARS-CoV-2 hospital disinfection,

Corzo-Leon, Dora E / Abbood, Hadeel Mohammed / Colamarino, Rosa A / Steiner, Markus F C / Munro, Carol / Gould, Ian M / Hijazi, Karolin

Infection prevention in practice

2024 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 100339

Abstract: Introduction: Escalation of chemical disinfection during the COVID-19 pandemic has raised occupational hazard concerns. Alternative and potentially safer methods such as ultraviolet-C (UVC) irradiation and ozone have been proposed, notwithstanding the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Escalation of chemical disinfection during the COVID-19 pandemic has raised occupational hazard concerns. Alternative and potentially safer methods such as ultraviolet-C (UVC) irradiation and ozone have been proposed, notwithstanding the lack of standardized criteria for their use in the healthcare environment. Aim: Compare the virucidal activity of 70% ethanol, sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), chlorhexidine, ozonated water, UVC-222 nm, UVC-254 nm against three SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern cultured Methods: Inactivation of three SARS-CoV-2 variants (alpha, beta, gamma) by the following chemical methods was tested: ethanol 70%, NaDCC (100 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm), chlorhexidine (2%, 1% and 0.5%), ozonated water 7 ppm. For irradiation, a je2Care 222nm UVC Lamp was compared to a Sylvania G15 UV254 nm lamp. Results: Viral inactivation by >3 log was achieved with ethanol, NaDCC and chlorhexidine. The minor virucidal effect of ozonated water was <1 log. Virus treatment with UVC-254 nm reduced viral activity by 1-5 logs with higher inactivation after exposure for 3 minutes compared to 6 seconds. For all three variants, under equivalent conditions, exposure to UVC-222 nm did not achieve time-dependent inactivation as was observed with treatment with UVC-254 nm. Conclusion: The virucidal activity on replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 by conventional chemical methods, including chlorhexidine at concentrations as low as 0.5%, was not matched by UVC irradiation, and to an even lesser extent by ozonated water treatment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2590-0889
ISSN (online)	2590-0889
DOI	10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100339
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Article ; Online: Educational and health outcomes of children and adolescents receiving antidepressant medication: Scotland-wide retrospective record linkage cohort study of 766 237 schoolchildren.

Fleming, Michael / Fitton, Catherine A / Steiner, Markus F C / McLay, James S / Clark, David / King, Albert / Mackay, Daniel F / Pell, Jill P

International journal of epidemiology

2020 Volume 49, Issue 4, Page(s) 1380–1391

Abstract: Background: Childhood depression is relatively common, under-researched and can impact social and cognitive function and self-esteem.: Methods: Record linkage of routinely collected Scotland-wide administrative databases covering prescriptions [ ... ...

Abstract	Background: Childhood depression is relatively common, under-researched and can impact social and cognitive function and self-esteem. Methods: Record linkage of routinely collected Scotland-wide administrative databases covering prescriptions [prescribing information system (PIS)], hospitalizations (Scottish Morbidity Records 01 and 04), maternity records (Scottish Morbidity Records 02), deaths (National Records of Scotland), annual pupil census, school absences/exclusions, special educational needs (Scottish Exchange of Educational Data; ScotXed), examinations (Scottish Qualifications Authority) and (un)employment (ScotXed) provided data on 766 237 children attending Scottish schools between 2009 and 2013 inclusively. We compared educational and health outcomes of children receiving antidepressant medication with their peers, adjusting for confounders (socio-demographic, maternity and comorbidity) and explored effect modifiers and mediators. Results: Compared with peers, children receiving antidepressants were more likely to be absent [adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.85-1.95] or excluded (adjusted IRR 1.48, 95% CI 1.29-1.69) from school, have special educational needs [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.77, 95% CI 1.65-1.90], have the lowest level of academic attainment (adjusted OR 3.00, 95% CI 2.51-3.58) and be unemployed after leaving school (adjusted OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.71-2.08). They had increased hospitalization [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.07, 95% CI 1.98-2.18] and mortality (adjusted HR 2.73, 95% CI 1.73-4.29) over 5 years' follow-up. Higher absenteeism partially explained poorer attainment and unemployment. Treatment with antidepressants was less common among boys than girls (0.5% vs 1.0%) but the associations with special educational need and unemployment were stronger in boys. Conclusions: Children receiving antidepressants fare worse than their peers across a wide range of education and health outcomes. Interventions to reduce absenteeism or mitigate its effects should be investigated.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Scotland/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Antidepressive Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	187909-1
ISSN	1464-3685 ; 0300-5771
ISSN (online)	1464-3685
ISSN	0300-5771
DOI	10.1093/ije/dyaa002
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Article ; Online: Educational and health outcomes of children and adolescents receiving antiepileptic medication: Scotland-wide record linkage study of 766 244 schoolchildren.

Fleming, Michael / Fitton, Catherine A / Steiner, Markus F C / McLay, James S / Clark, David / King, Albert / Mackay, Daniel F / Pell, Jill P

BMC public health

2019 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 595

Abstract: Background: Childhood epilepsy can adversely affect education and employment in addition to health. Previous studies are small or highly selective producing conflicting results. This retrospective cohort study aims to compare educational and health ... ...

Abstract	Background: Childhood epilepsy can adversely affect education and employment in addition to health. Previous studies are small or highly selective producing conflicting results. This retrospective cohort study aims to compare educational and health outcomes of children receiving antiepileptic medication versus peers. Methods: Record linkage of Scotland-wide databases covering dispensed prescriptions, acute and psychiatric hospitalisations, maternity records, deaths, annual pupil census, school absences/exclusions, special educational needs, school examinations, and (un)employment provided data on 766,244 children attending Scottish schools between 2009 and 2013. Outcomes were adjusted for sociodemographic and maternity confounders and comorbid conditions. Results: Compared with peers, children on antiepileptic medication were more likely to experience school absence (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR] 1.43, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.48), special educational needs (Odds ratio [OR] 9.60, 95% CI: 9.02, 10.23), achieve the lowest level of attainment (OR 3.43, 95% CI: 2.74, 4.29) be unemployed (OR 1.82, 95% CI: 1.60, 2.07), be admitted to hospital (Hazard Ratio [HR] 3.56, 95% CI: 3.42, 3.70), and die (HR 22.02, 95% CI: 17.00, 28.53). Absenteeism partly explained poorer attainment and higher unemployment. Girls and younger children on antiepileptic medication had higher risk of poor outcomes. Conclusions: Children on antiepileptic medication fare worse than peers across educational and health outcomes. In order to reduce school absenteeism and mitigate its effects, children with epilepsy should receive integrated care from a multidisciplinary team that spans education and healthcare.
MeSH term(s)	Absenteeism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use ; Child ; Databases, Factual ; Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data ; Educational Status ; Epilepsy/drug therapy ; Epilepsy/epidemiology ; Female ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Record Linkage ; Odds Ratio ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Schools/statistics & numerical data ; Scotland/epidemiology ; Unemployment/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Anticonvulsants
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-019-6888-9
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Article ; Online: Educational and health outcomes of children treated for asthma: Scotland-wide record linkage study of 683 716 children.

Fleming, Michael / Fitton, Catherine A / Steiner, Markus F C / McLay, James S / Clark, David / King, Albert / Mackay, Daniel F / Pell, Jill P

The European respiratory journal

2019 Volume 54, Issue 3

Abstract: Background: The global prevalence of childhood asthma is increasing. The condition impacts physical and psychosocial morbidity; therefore, wide-ranging effects on health and education outcomes are plausible.: Methods: Linkage of eight Scotland-wide ... ...

Abstract	Background: The global prevalence of childhood asthma is increasing. The condition impacts physical and psychosocial morbidity; therefore, wide-ranging effects on health and education outcomes are plausible. Methods: Linkage of eight Scotland-wide databases, covering dispensed prescriptions, hospital admissions, maternity records, death certificates, annual pupil census, examinations, school absences/exclusions and unemployment, provided data on 683 716 children attending Scottish schools between 2009 and 2013. We compared schoolchildren on medication for asthma with peers, adjusting for sociodemographic, maternity and comorbidity confounders, and explored effect modifiers and mediators. Results: The 45 900 (6.0%) children treated for asthma had an increased risk of hospitalisation, particularly within the first year of treatment (incidence rate ratio 1.98, 95% CI 1.93-2.04), and increased mortality (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.30-2.40). They were more likely to have special educational need for mental (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.49-2.08) and physical (OR 2.76, 95% CI 2.57-2.95) health reasons, and performed worse in school exams (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.16). Higher absenteeism (incidence rate ratio 1.25, 95% CI 1.24-1.26) partially explained their poorer attainment. Conclusions: Children with treated asthma have poorer education and health outcomes than their peers. Educational interventions that mitigate the adverse effects of absenteeism should be considered.
MeSH term(s)	Absenteeism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Asthma/mortality ; Child ; Databases, Factual ; Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data ; Educational Status ; Female ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medical Record Linkage ; Pregnancy ; Schools/statistics & numerical data ; Scotland/epidemiology ; Unemployment/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Anti-Asthmatic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639359-7
ISSN	1399-3003 ; 0903-1936
ISSN (online)	1399-3003
ISSN	0903-1936
DOI	10.1183/13993003.02309-2018
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Zs.A 2322: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 292: Show issues

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Article ; Online: In Utero Antihypertensive Medication Exposure and Neonatal Outcomes: A Data Linkage Cohort Study.

Fitton, Catherine A / Fleming, Michael / Steiner, Markus F C / Aucott, Lorna / Pell, Jill P / Mackay, Daniel F / Mclay, James S

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)

2019 Volume 75, Issue 3, Page(s) 628–633

Abstract: Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are an important risk to mother and fetus, frequently necessitating antihypertensive treatment. Data describing the safety of in utero exposure to antihypertensive treatment is conflicting, with many studies ... ...

Abstract	Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are an important risk to mother and fetus, frequently necessitating antihypertensive treatment. Data describing the safety of in utero exposure to antihypertensive treatment is conflicting, with many studies suffering from significant methodological issues, such as inappropriate study design, small sample sizes, and no untreated control group. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked routinely collected healthcare records for 268 711 children born 2010-2014 in Scotland to assess outcomes following in utero exposure to antihypertensive medication. We identified a cohort of 265 488 eligible children born over the study period; of which, 2350 were exposed to in utero antihypertensive medication, 4391 exposed to treated late-onset hypertension, and 7971 exposed to untreated hypertension during pregnancy. Untreated hypertension was associated with increased risk of preterm birth (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.15 [99% CI, 1.01-1.30]), low birth weight (aRR, 2.01 [99% CI, 1.72-2.36]) and being small for gestational age (aRR, 1.50 [99% CI, 1.35-1.66]), while in utero antihypertensive exposure was also associated with preterm birth (aRR, 3.12 [99% CI, 2.68-3.64]), low birth weight (aRR, 2.23 [99% CI, 1.79-2.78]), and being small for gestational age (aRR, 2.13 [99% CI, 1.81-2.52]). Late-onset hypertension was also associated with preterm birth (aRR, 2.21 [99% CI, 1.86-2.62]), low birth weight (aRR, 2.06 [99% CI, 1.74-2.43]), and being small for gestational age (aRR, 1.90 [99% CI, 1.68-2.16]). Our results suggest that hypertension is a key risk factor for low birth weight and preterm birth. Although preterm birth may be associated with antihypertensive medication exposure during pregnancy, these associations may reflect increasing hypertension severity necessitating treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation/epidemiology ; Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/drug therapy ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Small for Gestational Age ; Middle Aged ; Pre-Eclampsia/etiology ; Pre-Eclampsia/physiopathology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/drug therapy ; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/physiopathology ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Premature Birth/epidemiology ; Premature Birth/physiopathology ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Scotland/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Antihypertensive Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	423736-5
ISSN	1524-4563 ; 0194-911X ; 0362-4323
ISSN (online)	1524-4563
ISSN	0194-911X ; 0362-4323
DOI	10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13802
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Zs.A 1488: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Mortality, ethnicity, and country of birth on a national scale, 2001-2013: A retrospective cohort (Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage Study).

Bhopal, Raj S / Gruer, Laurence / Cezard, Genevieve / Douglas, Anne / Steiner, Markus F C / Millard, Andrew / Buchanan, Duncan / Katikireddi, S Vittal / Sheikh, Aziz

PLoS medicine

2018 Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) e1002515

Abstract: Background: Migrant and ethnic minority groups are often assumed to have poor health relative to the majority population. Few countries have the capacity to study a key indicator, mortality, by ethnicity and country of birth. We hypothesized at least 10% ...

Abstract	Background: Migrant and ethnic minority groups are often assumed to have poor health relative to the majority population. Few countries have the capacity to study a key indicator, mortality, by ethnicity and country of birth. We hypothesized at least 10% differences in mortality by ethnic group in Scotland that would not be wholly attenuated by adjustment for socio-economic factors or country of birth. Methods and findings: We linked the Scottish 2001 Census to mortality data (2001-2013) in 4.62 million people (91% of estimated population), calculating age-adjusted mortality rate ratios (RRs; multiplied by 100 as percentages) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 13 ethnic groups, with the White Scottish group as reference (ethnic group classification follows the Scottish 2001 Census). The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, education status, and household tenure were socio-economic status (SES) confounding variables and born in the UK or Republic of Ireland (UK/RoI) an interacting and confounding variable. Smoking and diabetes data were from a primary care sub-sample (about 53,000 people). Males and females in most minority groups had lower age-adjusted mortality RRs than the White Scottish group. The 95% CIs provided good evidence that the RR was more than 10% lower in the following ethnic groups: Other White British (72.3 [95% CI 64.2, 81.3] in males and 75.2 [68.0, 83.2] in females); Other White (80.8 [72.8, 89.8] in males and 76.2 [68.6, 84.7] in females); Indian (62.6 [51.6, 76.0] in males and 60.7 [50.4, 73.1] in females); Pakistani (66.1 [57.4, 76.2] in males and 73.8 [63.7, 85.5] in females); Bangladeshi males (50.7 [32.5, 79.1]); Caribbean females (57.5 [38.5, 85.9]); and Chinese (52.2 [43.7, 62.5] in males and 65.8 [55.3, 78.2] in females). The differences were diminished but not eliminated after adjusting for UK/RoI birth and SES variables. A mortality advantage was evident in all 12 minority groups for those born abroad, but in only 6/12 male groups and 5/12 female groups of those born in the UK/RoI. In the primary care sub-sample, after adjustment for age, UK/RoI born, SES, smoking, and diabetes, the RR was not lower in Indian males (114.7 [95% CI 78.3, 167.9]) and Pakistani females (103.9 [73.9, 145.9]) than in White Scottish males and females, respectively. The main limitations were the inability to include deaths abroad and the small number of deaths in some ethnic minority groups, especially for people born in the UK/RoI. Conclusions: There was relatively low mortality for many ethnic minority groups compared to the White Scottish majority. The mortality advantage was less clear in UK/RoI-born minority group offspring than in immigrants. These differences need explaining, and health-related behaviours seem important. Similar analyses are required internationally to fulfil agreed goals for monitoring, understanding, and improving health in ethnically diverse societies and to apply to health policy, especially on health inequalities and inequities.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease/mortality ; Cultural Diversity ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Health Status Disparities ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality/ethnology ; Residence Characteristics/classification ; Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data ; Scotland/epidemiology ; Sex Factors ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2185925-5
ISSN	1549-1676 ; 1549-1277
ISSN (online)	1549-1676
ISSN	1549-1277
DOI	10.1371/journal.pmed.1002515
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Zs.A 6042: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Respiratory symptoms and cross-shift lung function in relation to cotton dust and endotoxin exposure in textile workers in Nepal: a cross-sectional study.

Paudyal, Priyamvada / Semple, Sean / Gairhe, Santosh / Steiner, Markus F C / Niven, Rob / Ayres, Jon G

Occupational and environmental medicine

2015 Volume 72, Issue 12, Page(s) 870–876

Abstract: Objectives: Inhalation of a cotton-based particulates has previously been associated with respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function. This study investigates the respiratory health of Nepalese textile workers in relation to dust and endotoxin ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Inhalation of a cotton-based particulates has previously been associated with respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function. This study investigates the respiratory health of Nepalese textile workers in relation to dust and endotoxin exposure. Methods: A total of 938 individuals from four sectors (garment, carpet, weaving and recycling) of the textile industry in Kathmandu, Nepal completed a health questionnaire and performed spirometry. A subset (n=384) performed cross-shift spirometry. Personal exposure to inhalable dust and airborne endotoxin was measured during a full shift for 114 workers. Results: The overall prevalence of persistent cough, persistent phlegm, wheeze ever, breathlessness ever and chest tightness ever was 8.5%, 12.5%, 3.2%, 6.5% and 12.3%, respectively. Symptoms were most common among recyclers and least common among garment workers. Exposure to inhalable dust significantly predicted persistent cough and chest tightness. Exposure to endotoxin did not have any independent predictive effect. Significant cross-shift reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were found (p<0.001 for both) being largest for FEV1 in the recyclers (-143 mL), and least in the garment workers (-38 mL; p=0.012). Exposure to inhalable dust predicted a cross-shift reduction in FEV1. Conclusions: This study is the first to investigate the respiratory health of Nepalese cotton workers. The measured association between inhalable dust exposure and reporting of respiratory symptoms and across-shift decrement in FEV1 and FVC indicates that improved dust control measures should be instituted, particularly in the recycling and carpet sectors. The possible role of other biologically active agents of cotton dust beyond endotoxin should be further explored.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cotton Fiber/statistics & numerical data ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dust/analysis ; Endotoxins/adverse effects ; Endotoxins/analysis ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects ; Inhalation Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Nepal/epidemiology ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects ; Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/chemically induced ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology ; Spirometry ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Textile Industry/statistics & numerical data ; Vital Capacity ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Dust ; Endotoxins
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1180733-7
ISSN	1470-7926 ; 1351-0711
ISSN (online)	1470-7926
ISSN	1351-0711
DOI	10.1136/oemed-2014-102718
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Un I Zs.461: Show issues

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Article ; Online: In-utero exposure to antihypertensive medication and neonatal and child health outcomes: a systematic review.

Fitton, Catherine A / Steiner, Markus F C / Aucott, Lorna / Pell, Jill P / Mackay, Daniel F / Fleming, Michael / McLay, James S

Journal of hypertension

2017 Volume 35, Issue 11, Page(s) 2123–2137

Abstract: Background: Although medication is generally avoided wherever possible during pregnancy, pharmacotherapy is required for the treatment of pregnancy associated hypertension, which remains a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The ...

Abstract	Background: Although medication is generally avoided wherever possible during pregnancy, pharmacotherapy is required for the treatment of pregnancy associated hypertension, which remains a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The long-term effects to the child of in-utero exposure to antihypertensive agents remains largely unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically review published studies on adverse outcomes to the child associated with in-utero exposure to antihypertensive medications. Methods: OVID, Scopus, EBSCO Collections, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant publications published between January 1950 and October 2016 and a total of 688 potentially eligible studies were identified. Results: Following review, 47 primary studies were eligible for inclusion. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist was used to assess study quality. Five studies were of excellent quality; the remainder were either mediocre or poor. Increased risk of low birth weight, low size for gestational age, preterm birth, and congenital defects following in-utero exposure to all antihypertensive agents were identified. Two studies reported an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder following exposure to labetalol, and an increased risk of sleep disorders following exposure to methyldopa and clonidine. Conclusion: The current systematic review demonstrates a paucity of relevant published high-quality studies. A small number of studies suggest possible increased risk of adverse child health outcomes; however, most published studies have methodological weaknesses and/or lacked statistical power thus preventing any firm conclusions being drawn.
MeSH term(s)	Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Birth Weight ; Child ; Child Health ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/drug therapy ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Labetalol/adverse effects ; Labetalol/therapeutic use ; Maternal Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Antihypertensive Agents ; Labetalol (R5H8897N95)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	605532-1
ISSN	1473-5598 ; 0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
ISSN (online)	1473-5598
ISSN	0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
DOI	10.1097/HJH.0000000000001456
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Zs.A 1885: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 614: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Educational and Health Outcomes of Children Treated for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Fleming, Michael / Fitton, Catherine A / Steiner, Markus F C / McLay, James S / Clark, David / King, Albert / Mackay, Daniel F / Pell, Jill P

JAMA pediatrics

2017 Volume 171, Issue 7, Page(s) e170691

Abstract: Importance: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 39 million people worldwide; in isolation, it doubles annual health care costs and, when associated with comorbid mental health problems, it quadruples the costs.: Objective: To ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 39 million people worldwide; in isolation, it doubles annual health care costs and, when associated with comorbid mental health problems, it quadruples the costs. Objective: To compare the education and health outcomes of schoolchildren treated for ADHD with their peers. Design, setting, and participants: In this population-based cohort study, individual-level record linkage was performed of 8 Scotland-wide administrative databases covering dispensed prescriptions, admissions to acute and psychiatric hospitals, maternity records, annual pupil census, examinations, school absences and exclusions, and unemployment. The study cohort comprised 766 244 children attending Scottish primary, secondary, and special schools at any point between September 21, 2009, and September 18, 2013. Data analysis was performed from June 1, 2015, to December 6, 2016. Exposures: Medication approved solely for ADHD treatment. Main outcomes and measures: Special educational needs, academic attainment, unauthorized absence, exclusion, age at leaving school, unemployment after leaving, and hospitalization. Outcomes were adjusted for potential sociodemographic, maternity, and comorbidity confounders. Results: Of the 766 244 schoolchildren, 7413 (1.0%) were treated for ADHD; 6287 (84.8%) were male. These children had higher rates of unauthorized absence (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.16; 95% CI, 1.14-1.19) and exclusion (adjusted IRR, 5.79; 95% CI, 5.45-6.16), more commonly had a record of special educational need (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 8.62; 95% CI, 8.26-9.00), achieved lower academic attainment (adjusted OR, 3.35; 95% CI, 3.00-3.75), were more likely to leave school before age 16 years (1546 [64.3%] vs 61 235 [28.4%]), and were more likely to be unemployed (adjusted OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.25-1.53). Children with ADHD were more likely to require hospitalization overall (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95% CI, 1.19-1.31) and for injury (adjusted HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.40-1.65). Conclusions and relevance: Even while receiving medication, children with ADHD fare worse than their peers across a wide range of outcomes relating not only to education but also to health.
MeSH term(s)	Absenteeism ; Adolescent ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Education, Special/methods ; Educational Status ; Female ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Schools/statistics & numerical data ; Scotland/epidemiology ; Sex Factors ; Social Behavior Disorders/epidemiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Unemployment/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2701223-2
ISSN	2168-6211 ; 2168-6203
ISSN (online)	2168-6211
ISSN	2168-6203
DOI	10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0691
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Article ; Online: Educational and Health Outcomes of Children Treated for Type 1 Diabetes: Scotland-Wide Record Linkage Study of 766,047 Children.

Fleming, Michael / Fitton, Catherine A / Steiner, Markus F C / McLay, James S / Clark, David / King, Albert / Lindsay, Robert S / Mackay, Daniel F / Pell, Jill P

Diabetes care

2019 Volume 42, Issue 9, Page(s) 1700–1707

Abstract: Objective: This study was conducted to determine the association between childhood type 1 diabetes and educational and health outcomes.: Research design and methods: Record linkage of nine Scotland-wide databases (diabetes register, dispensed ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This study was conducted to determine the association between childhood type 1 diabetes and educational and health outcomes. Research design and methods: Record linkage of nine Scotland-wide databases (diabetes register, dispensed prescriptions, maternity records, hospital admissions, death certificates, annual pupil census, school absences/exclusions, school examinations, and unemployment) produced a cohort of 766,047 singleton children born in Scotland who attended Scottish schools between 2009 and 2013. We compared the health and education outcomes of schoolchildren receiving insulin with their peers, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The 3,330 children (0.47%) treated for type 1 diabetes were more likely to be admitted to the hospital (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 3.97, 95% CI 3.79-4.16), die (adjusted HR 3.84, 95% CI 1.98-7.43), be absent from school (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.34, 95% CI 1.30-1.39), and have learning difficulties (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.19, 95% CI 1.03-1.38). Among children with type 1 diabetes, higher mean HbA Conclusions: Children with type 1 diabetes fare worse than their peers in respect of education and health outcomes, especially if they have higher mean HbA
MeSH term(s)	Absenteeism ; Adolescent ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Databases, Factual ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology ; Female ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Incidence ; Insulin/therapeutic use ; Male ; Medical Record Linkage ; Odds Ratio ; Pregnancy ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Schools/statistics & numerical data ; Scotland/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Hypoglycemic Agents ; Insulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	441231-x
ISSN	1935-5548 ; 0149-5992
ISSN (online)	1935-5548
ISSN	0149-5992
DOI	10.2337/dc18-2423
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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