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  1. Article ; Online: Agent-based models under uncertainty.

    Stepanov, Vladimir / Ferson, Scott

    F1000Research

    2024  Volume 12, Page(s) 834

    Abstract: Background: Monte Carlo (MC) is often used when trying to assess the consequences of uncertainty in agent-based models (ABMs). However, this approach is not appropriate when the uncertainty is epistemic rather than aleatory, that is, when it represents ... ...

    Abstract Background: Monte Carlo (MC) is often used when trying to assess the consequences of uncertainty in agent-based models (ABMs). However, this approach is not appropriate when the uncertainty is epistemic rather than aleatory, that is, when it represents a lack of knowledge rather than variation. The free-for-all battleship simulation modelled here is inspired by the children's battleship game, where each battleship is an agent.
    Methods: The models contrast an MC implementation against an interval implementation for epistemic uncertainty. In this case, our epistemic uncertainty is in the form of an imperfect radar. In the interval method, the approach occludes the status of the agents (ships) and precludes an analyst from making decisions about them in real-time.
    Results: In a highly uncertain environment, after many time steps, there can be many ships remaining whose status is unknown. In contrast, any MC simulation invariably tends to conclude with a small number of the remaining ships after many time steps. Thus, the interval approach misses the quantitative conclusion. However, some quantitative results are generated by the interval implementation, e.g. the identities of the surviving ships, which are revealed to be nearly mutual with the MC implementation, though with fewer identities in total compared to MC.
    Conclusions: We have demonstrated that it is possible to implement intervals in an ABM, but the results are broad, which may be useful for generating the overall bounds of the system but do not provide insight on the expected outcomes and trends.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Uncertainty ; Decision Making ; Computer Simulation ; Monte Carlo Method ; Knowledge
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2699932-8
    ISSN 2046-1402 ; 2046-1402
    ISSN (online) 2046-1402
    ISSN 2046-1402
    DOI 10.12688/f1000research.135249.3
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  2. Article: Molecular genetic basis of epidermolysis bullosa.

    Kotalevskaya, Yu Yu / Stepanov, V A

    Vavilovskii zhurnal genetiki i selektsii

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 18–27

    Abstract: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is an inherited disorder of skin fragility, caused by mutations in a large number of genes associated with skin integrity and dermal-epidermal adhesion. Skin fragility is manifested by a decrease in resistance to external ... ...

    Abstract Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is an inherited disorder of skin fragility, caused by mutations in a large number of genes associated with skin integrity and dermal-epidermal adhesion. Skin fragility is manifested by a decrease in resistance to external mechanical influences, the clinical signs of which are the formation of blisters, erosions and wounds on the skin and mucous membranes. EB is a multisystemic disease and characterized by a wide phenotypic spectrum with extracutaneous complications in severe types, besides the skin and mucous membranes, with high mortality. More than 30 clinical subtypes have been identified, which are grouped into four main types: simplex EB, junctional EB, dystrophic EB and Kindler syndrome. To date, pathogenic variants in 16 different genes are associated with EB and encode proteins that are part of the skin anchoring structures or are signaling proteins. Genetic mutations cause dysfunction of cellular structures, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of cells, leading to mechanical instability of the skin. The formation of reduced proteins or decrease in their level leads mainly to functional disorders, forming mild or intermediate severe phenotypes. Absent protein expression is a result of null genetic variants and leads to structural abnormalities, causing a severe clinical phenotype. For most of the genes involved in the pathogenesis of EB, certain relationships have been established between the type and position of genetic variant and the severity of the clinical manifestations of the disease. Establishing an accurate diagnosis depends on the correlation of clinical, genealogical and immunohistological data in combination with molecular genetic testing. In general, the study of clinical, genetic and ultrastructural changes in EB has significantly expanded the understanding of the natural history of the disease and supplemented the data on genotype-phenotype correlations, promotes the search and study of epigenetic and non-genetic disease modifier factors, and also allows developing approaches to radical treatment of the disease. New advances of sequencing technologies have made it possible to describe new phenotypes and study their genetic and molecular mechanisms. This article describes the pathogenetic aspects and genes that cause main and rare syndromic subtypes of EB.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-28
    Publishing country Russia (Federation)
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2500-0462
    ISSN 2500-0462
    DOI 10.18699/VJGB-23-04
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  3. Article ; Online: (e)Managing the uncertainty of tuberculosis in the post-Soviet limbo: Tracking prisoners' coerced mobility for treatment in Ukrainian prisons.

    Dmitrieva, Alexandra / Stepanov, Vladimir / Titar, Ivan

    Social science & medicine (1982)

    2024  Volume 349, Page(s) 116894

    Abstract: The collapse of the Soviet Union triggered an escalation of the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic in many post-Soviet countries, including Ukraine. The main reasons for this situation include both the approach to TB care and the concentration of TB cases in ... ...

    Abstract The collapse of the Soviet Union triggered an escalation of the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic in many post-Soviet countries, including Ukraine. The main reasons for this situation include both the approach to TB care and the concentration of TB cases in prisons. The neoliberal approach to TB care system reform promises the optimization of treatment terms, "dehospitalization" and "despecialization" of the system of care, and a different type of control, established through digital technologies. One such technology is the "e-TB Manager", which was designated as a national TB registry, including in the prison system in 2012. In prison, where everyone "is to be fixed" and isolated, the uncertainty of patients' movements seems to be avoided by pre-existing conditions. In practice, however, the vertically aligned, centralized organizational structure of the post-Soviet prison implies a constant need to link its elements together through "coerced" mobility carried out in secrecy. Treatment in exile may not be the primary goal of such a practice, but it becomes the result when prisoners from numerous prison facilities are sent to a limited number of prison TB hospitals. The integration of the e-TB Manager as a tool to enable the tracking of patient movements and, consequently, improve the efficiency of diagnostic and treatment processes in prison, can be seen as both a purely technical measure and a "magic bullet". In this article, we argue that, in the case of Ukrainian prisons, the neoliberal approach and the Soviet socialist approach to gaining control over TB indeed adapt and reinforce each other but fail to compete meaningfully. The fragmented implementation of one is absorbed by the fundamental and resilient nature of the other to produce and reproduce the state of "post-Soviet limbo". We use the "post-Soviet limbo" as an overall framework aimed at conceptualizing the post-Soviet transformation as a combination of efforts to avoid and manage the uncertainty of TB treatment, especially in prison. We examine the empirical case of coerced mobility of prisoners who require TB treatment, seeking to trace how this process is reflected in the e-TB Manager. We provide a more in-depth picture of this journey with details gathered from qualitative research materials to situate numbers and variables in their contexts, deconstructing the way the data are recorded according to the logic of the system in which they are produced.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Ukraine/epidemiology ; Prisoners/statistics & numerical data ; Prisoners/psychology ; Prisons ; Tuberculosis/therapy ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Uncertainty ; USSR ; Male
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 4766-1
    ISSN 1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
    ISSN (online) 1873-5347
    ISSN 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
    DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116894
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  4. Article ; Online: Cucumaria beringiana: A New Species of Holothurians (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirotida, Cucumariidae) from the Bering Sea

    Stepanov, V. G. / Panina, E. G.

    Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci. 2022 Dec., v. 49, no. 8 p.1011-1021

    2022  

    Abstract: A new species of holothurian Cucumaria beringiana sp. n. (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirotida, Cucumariidae) is described from the Bering Sea. The species differs from other species of the genus by the structure of spicules in the body wall, tentacles, ... ...

    Abstract A new species of holothurian Cucumaria beringiana sp. n. (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirotida, Cucumariidae) is described from the Bering Sea. The species differs from other species of the genus by the structure of spicules in the body wall, tentacles, introvert, and ambulacral legs. The spicules of the new species are similar to spicules of C. vegae, but unlike the latter species, the surface of the plates in C. beringiana is abundantly covered with large tubercles; the terminal lamina of the ambulacral pedicle is thicker; and there are tubercles on the surface and a much smaller number of holes. In addition, these species differ in body color: in C. beringiana, the dorsal and ventral sides are beige; in C. vegae, the dorsal side is dark brown and the ventral side is light gray. Spicules of C. beringiana also have similarities with some spicules of ambulacral legs of C. pusilla, but, unlike the latter, they are abundantly covered with large tubercles; the terminal lamina of the ambulacral legs is thicker with tubercles on the surface. In addition, C. beringiana differs from C. pusilla in the smaller size of two ventral tentacles compared to all others (8 + 2).
    Keywords Cucumaria ; Holothuria ; bulls ; color ; integument ; new species ; Bering Sea
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-12
    Size p. 1011-1021.
    Publishing place Pleiades Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1161709-3
    ISSN 1062-3590
    ISSN 1062-3590
    DOI 10.1134/S1062359022080192
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  5. Article ; Online: Visitors with ASD in the museum

    Stepanov V.S.

    Аутизм и нарушение развития, Vol 15, Iss 4, Pp 53-

    five steps to inclusion

    2017  Volume 56

    Abstract: The change in the attitude of society towards people with disabilities to a more positive one led to switch through traditional “medical” model of disability to the social model. Although this process progresses unevenly, it spreads and affects various ... ...

    Abstract The change in the attitude of society towards people with disabilities to a more positive one led to switch through traditional “medical” model of disability to the social model. Although this process progresses unevenly, it spreads and affects various spheres. More and more cultural institutions set themselves the goal of creating an inclusive institution. One of the tasks for such institution is to contribute to the process of social & cultural integration of people with disabilities. The main five steps for creating an inclusive museum, which is set for people with ASD, are described based on the experience of the Museum of Russian Impressionism.
    Keywords autism spectrum disorders ; museum ; inclusive environment ; social & cultural integration ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245
    Language Russian
    Publishing date 2017-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Moscow State University of Psychology and Education
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Society and the State in Russia and the World during the Coronavirus Epidemic.

    Tishkov, V A / Butovskaya, M L / Stepanov, V V

    Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences

    2022  Volume 92, Issue 4, Page(s) 520–530

    Abstract: This article is based on a report presented at the Scientific Session of the RAS General Meeting (Moscow, December 15, 2021). The reaction of society to the pandemic in Russia and other countries of the world is analyzed from an anthropological point of ... ...

    Abstract This article is based on a report presented at the Scientific Session of the RAS General Meeting (Moscow, December 15, 2021). The reaction of society to the pandemic in Russia and other countries of the world is analyzed from an anthropological point of view. The features of the behavior and psychological reaction of residents of different regions, professional groups, and ethnocultural communities are considered with account for gender, age, and cultural characteristics (collectivism‒individualism, looseness‒tightness, power distance). Particular attention is paid to phobias and social activity during the pandemic; the growing role of nation-states in overcoming the consequences of the pandemic is discussed. The results presented can be used as an additional source of information for taking effective measures finally to overcome the pandemic and, most importantly, its negative social and political consequences.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-06
    Publishing country Russia (Federation)
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2044580-5
    ISSN 1555-6492 ; 1019-3316
    ISSN (online) 1555-6492
    ISSN 1019-3316
    DOI 10.1134/S1019331622040244
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  7. Article: [Evolution of genetic diversity and human diseases].

    Stepanov, V A

    Genetika

    2016  Volume 52, Issue 7, Page(s) 852–864

    Abstract: The problem of development and dispersion of complex diseases in human populations requires new views, approaches, hypotheses, and paradigms. Evolutionary medicine provides one of the promising approaches to this problem, putting the disease into an ... ...

    Abstract The problem of development and dispersion of complex diseases in human populations requires new views, approaches, hypotheses, and paradigms. Evolutionary medicine provides one of the promising approaches to this problem, putting the disease into an evolutionary context. Unlike classic approaches oriented to proximate issues on structure and mechanisms of a disease, evolutionary considerations are broader. It provides the basis for understanding the origin, dispersion, and maintenance of the high frequencies of pathological phenotypes in modern human populations. In the current paper, we try to review the modern concepts on the evolution of human genetic diversity, to shape the outlines of evolutionary medicine, and to illustrate evolutionary medical problems using our experimental data. Data on genome-wide search for the signals of decanalization and adaptation in the human genome and on related biological processes and diseases are presented. Some hypotheses and concepts of evolutionary medicine may be productive for revealing the mechanisms of origin and dispersion of complex diseases and for pathogenetics of multifactorial diseases. One of such concepts is the hypothesis of decanalization of genome–phenome relationships under natural selection during modern human dispersion. Probably, the high frequency of alleles associated with complex diseases (and partially the high prevalence of diseases themselves) could be explained in the framework of the hypothesis.
    MeSH term(s) Evolution, Molecular ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic
    Language Russian
    Publishing date 2016-07
    Publishing country Russia (Federation)
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 216714-1
    ISSN 0016-6758
    ISSN 0016-6758
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  8. Book ; Online: One plausible reason for the change in ENSO characteristics in the 2000s

    Stepanov, V. N.

    eISSN: 1812-0792

    2018  

    Abstract: It is well known that El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) causes floods, droughts and the collapse of fisheries, therefore forecasting of ENSO is an important task in climate researches. Variations in the equatorial warm water volume of the tropical ... ...

    Abstract It is well known that El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) causes floods, droughts and the collapse of fisheries, therefore forecasting of ENSO is an important task in climate researches. Variations in the equatorial warm water volume of the tropical Pacific and wind variability in the western equatorial Pacific has been considered to be a good ENSO predictor. However, in the 2000s, the interrelationship between these two characteristics and ENSO onsets became weak. This article attempts to find some plausible explanation for this. The results presented here demonstrate a possible link between the variability of atmospheric conditions over the Southern Ocean and their impact on the ocean circulation leading to the amplifying/triggering of ENSO events. It is shown that the variability of the atmospheric conditions upstream of Drake Passage can strongly influence ENSO events. The interrelationship between ENSO and variability in the equatorial warm water volume of the equatorial Pacific, together with wind variability in the western equatorial Pacific has recently weakened. It can be explained by the fact that the process occurred in the Southern Ocean recently became a major contributor amplifying ENSO events (in comparison with the processes of interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean in the tropics of the Pacific). Likely it is due to a warmer ocean state observed from the end of the 1990s that led to smaller atmospheric variability in the tropics and insignificant their changes in the Southern Ocean.
    Subject code 551
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-11
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Book ; Online: One plausible reason for the change in ENSO characteristics in the 2000s

    Stepanov, V. N.

    eISSN: 1812-0792

    2018  

    Abstract: It is well known that El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) causes floods, droughts in different regions of the Earth and the collapse of fisheries in the tropical Pacific, therefore forecasting of ENSO is an important task in climate researches. ... ...

    Abstract It is well known that El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) causes floods, droughts in different regions of the Earth and the collapse of fisheries in the tropical Pacific, therefore forecasting of ENSO is an important task in climate researches. Variations in the equatorial warm water volume of the tropical Pacific and wind variability in the western equatorial Pacific has been considered to be a good ENSO predictor. However, in the 2000s, the interrelationship between these two characteristics and ENSO onsets became weak. This article attempts to find some plausible explanation for this. The results presented here demonstrate a possible link between the variability of atmospheric conditions over the Southern Ocean and their impact on the ocean circulation leading to the amplifying of ENSO events. It is shown that the variability of the atmospheric conditions upstream of Drake Passage can strongly influence ENSO events. The interrelationship between ENSO and variability in the equatorial warm water volume of the equatorial Pacific, together with wind variability in the western equatorial Pacific has recently weakened. It can be explained by the fact that the process occurred in the Southern Ocean recently became a major contributor amplifying ENSO events (in comparison with the processes of interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean in the tropics of the Pacific). Likely it is due to a warmer ocean state observed from the end of the 1990s that led to smaller atmospheric variability in the tropics and insignificant their changes in the Southern Ocean.
    Subject code 551
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-10
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article: Genetic Diversity of North Eurasia Populations by Genetic Markers Associated with Diseases Impairing Human Cognitive Functions

    Bocharova, A. V. / Stepanov, V. A.

    Russian journal of genetics. 2021 Sept., v. 57, no. 9

    2021  

    Abstract: The genetic diversity of sixteen native populations of North Eurasia is investigated using a panel of genetic markers in genes associated, according to the data of genome-wide association studies, with diseases that lead to impaired human cognitive ... ...

    Abstract The genetic diversity of sixteen native populations of North Eurasia is investigated using a panel of genetic markers in genes associated, according to the data of genome-wide association studies, with diseases that lead to impaired human cognitive functions (schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and their cognitive endophenotypes). There is a decrease in genetic diversity in the geographic space from west to east. The highest level of genetic diversity was shown in Caucasoid populations. There are two groups of SNPs that predominate in Caucasians or Mongoloids. The location of sixteen populations in the space of the principle components demonstrates their geographic localization. Clusterization of populations in accordance with their affiliation to four geographic regions was observed. In general, the analysis of within- and between-population genetic diversity for 28 markers in 16 populations replicates the patterns of the Northern Eurasia gene pool structure, which are described using other marker systems.
    Keywords cognition ; gene pool ; genetic variation ; humans ; schizophrenia ; Eurasia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-09
    Size p. 1082-1091.
    Publishing place Pleiades Publishing
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1195858-3
    ISSN 1608-3369 ; 1022-7954
    ISSN (online) 1608-3369
    ISSN 1022-7954
    DOI 10.1134/S1022795421080020
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