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Article ; Online: Roastgsa: a comparison of rotation-based scores for gene set enrichment analysis.

Caballé-Mestres, Adrià / Berenguer-Llergo, Antoni / Stephan-Otto Attolini, Camille

2023 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 408

Abstract: Background: Gene-wise differential expression is usually the first major step in the statistical analysis of high-throughput data obtained from techniques such as microarrays or RNA-sequencing. The analysis at gene level is often complemented by ... ...

Abstract	Background: Gene-wise differential expression is usually the first major step in the statistical analysis of high-throughput data obtained from techniques such as microarrays or RNA-sequencing. The analysis at gene level is often complemented by interrogating the data in a broader biological context that considers as unit of measure groups of genes that may have a common function or biological trait. Among the vast number of publications about gene set analysis (GSA), the rotation test for gene set analysis, also referred to as roast, is a general sample randomization approach that maintains the integrity of the intra-gene set correlation structure in defining the null distribution of the test. Results: We present roastgsa, an R package that contains several enrichment score functions that feed the roast algorithm for hypothesis testing. These implemented methods are evaluated using both simulated and benchmarking data in microarray and RNA-seq datasets. We find that computationally intensive measures based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistics fail to improve the rates of simpler measures of GSA like mean and maxmean scores. We also show the importance of accounting for the gene linear dependence structure of the testing set, which is linked to the loss of effective signature size. Complete graphical representation of the results, including an approximation for the effective signature size, can be obtained as part of the roastgsa output. Conclusions: We encourage the usage of the absmean (non-directional), mean (directional) and maxmean (directional) scores for roast GSA analysis as these are simple measures of enrichment that have presented dominant results in all provided analyses in comparison to the more complex KS measures.
MeSH term(s)	Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; Rotation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods ; Algorithms ; Phenotype
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041484-5
ISSN	1471-2105 ; 1471-2105
ISSN (online)	1471-2105
ISSN	1471-2105
DOI	10.1186/s12859-023-05510-x
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Article ; Online: Roastgsa

Adrià Caballé-Mestres / Antoni Berenguer-Llergo / Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini

BMC Bioinformatics, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a comparison of rotation-based scores for gene set enrichment analysis

2023 Volume 14

Abstract: Abstract Background Gene-wise differential expression is usually the first major step in the statistical analysis of high-throughput data obtained from techniques such as microarrays or RNA-sequencing. The analysis at gene level is often complemented by ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Gene-wise differential expression is usually the first major step in the statistical analysis of high-throughput data obtained from techniques such as microarrays or RNA-sequencing. The analysis at gene level is often complemented by interrogating the data in a broader biological context that considers as unit of measure groups of genes that may have a common function or biological trait. Among the vast number of publications about gene set analysis (GSA), the rotation test for gene set analysis, also referred to as roast, is a general sample randomization approach that maintains the integrity of the intra-gene set correlation structure in defining the null distribution of the test. Results We present roastgsa, an R package that contains several enrichment score functions that feed the roast algorithm for hypothesis testing. These implemented methods are evaluated using both simulated and benchmarking data in microarray and RNA-seq datasets. We find that computationally intensive measures based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistics fail to improve the rates of simpler measures of GSA like mean and maxmean scores. We also show the importance of accounting for the gene linear dependence structure of the testing set, which is linked to the loss of effective signature size. Complete graphical representation of the results, including an approximation for the effective signature size, can be obtained as part of the roastgsa output. Conclusions We encourage the usage of the absmean (non-directional), mean (directional) and maxmean (directional) scores for roast GSA analysis as these are simple measures of enrichment that have presented dominant results in all provided analyses in comparison to the more complex KS measures.
Keywords	Gene set analysis ; Rotation test ; Correlation ; Competitive test ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Neurocognitive bases of self-monitoring of inner speech in hallucination prone individuals.

Stephan-Otto, Christian / Núñez, Christian / Lombardini, Federica / Cambra-Martí, Maria Rosa / Ochoa, Susana / Senior, Carl / Brébion, Gildas

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 6251

Abstract: Verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia patients might be seen as internal verbal productions mistaken for perceptions as a result of over-salient inner speech and/or defective self-monitoring processes. Similar cognitive mechanisms might underpin verbal ... ...

Abstract	Verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia patients might be seen as internal verbal productions mistaken for perceptions as a result of over-salient inner speech and/or defective self-monitoring processes. Similar cognitive mechanisms might underpin verbal hallucination proneness in the general population. We investigated, in a non-clinical sample, the cerebral activity associated with verbal hallucinatory predisposition during false recognition of familiar words -assumed to stem from poor monitoring of inner speech-vs. uncommon words. Thirty-seven healthy participants underwent a verbal recognition task. High- and low-frequency words were presented outside the scanner. In the scanner, the participants were then required to recognize the target words among equivalent distractors. Results showed that verbal hallucination proneness was associated with higher rates of false recognition of high-frequency words. It was further associated with activation of language and decisional brain areas during false recognitions of low-, but not high-, frequency words, and with activation of a recollective brain area during correct recognitions of low-, but not high-, frequency words. The increased tendency to report familiar words as targets, along with a lack of activation of the language, recollective, and decisional brain areas necessary for their judgement, suggests failure in the self-monitoring of inner speech in verbal hallucination-prone individuals.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Speech ; Hallucinations/psychology ; Schizophrenia ; Cognition ; Language
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-32042-4
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Article ; Online: Breastfeeding duration is associated with larger cortical gray matter volumes in children from the ABCD study.

Núñez, Christian / García-Alix, Alfredo / Arca, Gemma / Agut, Thais / Carreras, Nuria / Portella, Maria J / Stephan-Otto, Christian

Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines

2023 Volume 64, Issue 7, Page(s) 1067–1079

Abstract: Background: Despite the numerous studies in favor of breastfeeding for its benefits in cognition and mental health, the long-term effects of breastfeeding on brain structure are still largely unknown. Our main objective was to study the relationship ... ...

Abstract	Background: Despite the numerous studies in favor of breastfeeding for its benefits in cognition and mental health, the long-term effects of breastfeeding on brain structure are still largely unknown. Our main objective was to study the relationship between breastfeeding duration and cerebral gray matter volumes. We also explored the potential mediatory role of brain volumes on behavior. Methods: We analyzed 7,860 magnetic resonance images of children 9-11 years of age from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) dataset in order to study the relationship between breastfeeding duration and cerebral gray matter volumes. We also obtained several behavioral data (cognition, behavioral problems, prodromal psychotic experiences, prosociality, impulsivity) to explore the potential mediatory role of brain volumes on behavior. Results: In the 7,860 children analyzed (median age = 9 years and 11 months; 49.9% female), whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed an association mainly between breastfeeding duration and larger bilateral volumes of the pars orbitalis and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. In particular, the association with the left pars orbitalis and the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex proved to be very robust to the addition of potentially confounding covariates, random selection of siblings, and splitting the sample in two. The volume of the left pars orbitalis and the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex appeared to mediate the relationship between breastfeeding duration and the negative urgency dimension of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Global gray matter volumes were also significant mediators for behavioral problems as measured with the Child Behavior Checklist. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that breastfeeding is a relevant factor in the proper development of the brain, particularly for the pars orbitalis and lateral orbitofrontal cortex regions. This, in turn, may impact impulsive personality and mental health in early puberty.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Humans ; Child ; Female ; Male ; Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging ; Breast Feeding ; Brain ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Mental Disorders ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218136-8
ISSN	1469-7610 ; 0021-9630 ; 0373-8086
ISSN (online)	1469-7610
ISSN	0021-9630 ; 0373-8086
DOI	10.1111/jcpp.13790
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Article ; Online: Structure and mechanisms of transport of human Asc1/CD98hc amino acid transporter.

Rullo-Tubau, Josep / Martinez-Molledo, Maria / Bartoccioni, Paola / Puch-Giner, Ignasi / Arias, Ángela / Saen-Oon, Suwipa / Stephan-Otto Attolini, Camille / Artuch, Rafael / Díaz, Lucía / Guallar, Víctor / Errasti-Murugarren, Ekaitz / Palacín, Manuel / Llorca, Oscar

Nature communications

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 2986

Abstract: Recent cryoEM studies elucidated details of the structural basis for the substrate selectivity and translocation of heteromeric amino acid transporters. However, Asc1/CD98hc is the only neutral heteromeric amino acid transporter that can function through ...

Abstract	Recent cryoEM studies elucidated details of the structural basis for the substrate selectivity and translocation of heteromeric amino acid transporters. However, Asc1/CD98hc is the only neutral heteromeric amino acid transporter that can function through facilitated diffusion, and the only one that efficiently transports glycine and D-serine, and thus has a regulatory role in the central nervous system. Here we use cryoEM, ligand-binding simulations, mutagenesis, transport assays, and molecular dynamics to define human Asc1/CD98hc determinants for substrate specificity and gain insights into the mechanisms that govern substrate translocation by exchange and facilitated diffusion. The cryoEM structure of Asc1/CD98hc is determined at 3.4-3.8 Å resolution, revealing an inward-facing semi-occluded conformation. We find that Ser 246 and Tyr 333 are essential for Asc1/CD98hc substrate selectivity and for the exchange and facilitated diffusion modes of transport. Taken together, these results reveal the structural bases for ligand binding and transport features specific to human Asc1.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Amino Acid Transport Systems/genetics ; Amino Acid Transport Systems/metabolism ; Fusion Regulatory Protein 1, Heavy Chain/chemistry ; Ligands ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Chemical Substances	Amino Acid Transport Systems ; Fusion Regulatory Protein 1, Heavy Chain ; Ligands ; SLC3A2 protein, human ; TRIP4 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-024-47385-3
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Article ; Online: Massive Neonatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke.

Arca, Gemma / Núñez, Christian / Stephan-Otto, Christian / Arnaez, Juan / Agut, Thais / Cordeiro, Malaika / Boronat, Nuria / Lubián-López, Simón / Benavente-Fernández, Isabel / Valverde, Eva / Garcia-Alix, Alfredo

Pediatric neurology

2023 Volume 144, Page(s) 5–10

Abstract: Background: Massive infarction in adults is a devastating entity characterized by signs of extreme swelling of the brain's parenchyma. We explored whether a similar entity exists in neonates, which we call massive neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (M- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Massive infarction in adults is a devastating entity characterized by signs of extreme swelling of the brain's parenchyma. We explored whether a similar entity exists in neonates, which we call massive neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (M-NAIS), and assess its potential clinical implications. Methods: Prospective multicenter cohort study comprising 48 neonates with gestational age ≥35 weeks with middle cerebral artery (MCA) NAIS was performed. Diagnosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed within the first three days after symptom onset. The presence of signs of a space-occupying mass, such as brain midline shift and/or ventricular and/or extra-axial space collapse, was recorded. The volume of the infarct and brain midline shift were determined with semiautomatic procedures. Neurodevelopment was assessed at age 24 months. Results: Fifteen (31%) neonates presented MRI signs of a space-occupying mass effect and were considered to have an M-NAIS. The relative volume (infarct volume/total brain volume) of the infarct was on average significantly greater in the M-NAIS subgroup (29% vs 4.9%, P < 0.001). Patients with M-NAIS consistently presented lesions involving the M1 arterial territory of the MCA and showed more apneic and tonic seizures, which had an earlier onset and lasted longer. Moderate to severe adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes were present in most M-NAIS cases (79% vs 6%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: M-NAIS appears to be a distinctive subtype of neonatal infarction, defined by characteristic neuroimaging signs. Neonates with M-NAIS frequently present a moderate to severe adverse outcome. Early M-NAIS identification would allow for prompt, specific rehabilitation interventions and would provide more accurate prognostic information to families.
MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Stroke/diagnostic imaging ; Stroke/etiology ; Stroke/pathology ; Ischemic Stroke ; Cohort Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Infarction ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639164-3
ISSN	1873-5150 ; 0887-8994
ISSN (online)	1873-5150
ISSN	0887-8994
DOI	10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.03.013
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Article ; Online: Impaired memory for temporal context in schizophrenia patients with hallucinations and thought disorganisation.

Brébion, Gildas / Stephan-Otto, Christian / Cuevas-Esteban, Jorge / Usall, Judith / Ochoa, Susana

Schizophrenia research

2020 Volume 220, Page(s) 225–231

Abstract: Introduction: Context processing deficiencies have been established in patients with schizophrenia and it has been proposed that these deficiencies are involved in the formation of positive symptoms.: Method: We administered a temporal context ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Context processing deficiencies have been established in patients with schizophrenia and it has been proposed that these deficiencies are involved in the formation of positive symptoms. Method: We administered a temporal context discrimination task to 60 schizophrenia patients and 60 healthy individuals. Pictures were presented in two sessions separated by half an hour and the participants were required to remember afterwards whether the pictures had been presented in the first or the second session. Results: The number of temporal context errors was significantly increased in the patient group. More specifically, it was highly significantly increased in a subgroup of patients presenting hallucinations, while the patients without hallucinations were equivalent to the healthy individuals. Regression analyses revealed that, independently of memory of the pictures themselves, verbal and visual hallucinations, as well as thought disorganisation, were associated with more temporal context errors. In contrast, affective flattening and anhedonia were associated with fewer of these errors. Conclusion: Inability to process or remember the temporal context of production of events might be a mechanism underlying both hallucinations and thought disorganisation.
MeSH term(s)	Hallucinations/etiology ; Humans ; Memory ; Memory Disorders/etiology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Schizophrenia/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639422-x
ISSN	1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
ISSN (online)	1573-2509
ISSN	0920-9964
DOI	10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.014
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Article ; Online: Different Cortical Gyrification Patterns in Alzheimer's Disease and Impact on Memory Performance.

Núñez, Christian / Callén, Antonio / Lombardini, Federica / Compta, Yaroslau / Stephan-Otto, Christian

Annals of neurology

2020 Volume 88, Issue 1, Page(s) 67–80

Abstract: Objective: The study of cortical gyrification in Alzheimer's disease (AD) could help to further understanding of the changes undergone in the brain during neurodegeneration. Here, we aimed to study brain gyrification differences between healthy controls ...

Abstract	Objective: The study of cortical gyrification in Alzheimer's disease (AD) could help to further understanding of the changes undergone in the brain during neurodegeneration. Here, we aimed to study brain gyrification differences between healthy controls (HC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and AD patients, and explore how cerebral gyrification patterns were associated with memory and other cognitive functions. Methods: We applied surface-based morphometry techniques in 2 large, independent cross-sectional samples, obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative project. Both samples, encompassing a total of 1,270 participants, were analyzed independently. Results: Unexpectedly, we found that AD patients presented a more gyrificated entorhinal cortex than HC. Conversely, the insular cortex of AD patients was hypogyrificated. A decrease in the gyrification of the insular cortex was also found in older HC participants as compared with younger HC, which argues against the specificity of this finding in AD. However, an increased degree of folding of the insular cortex was specifically associated with better memory function and semantic fluency, only in AD patients. Overall, MCI patients presented an intermediate gyrification pattern. All these findings were consistently observed in the two samples. Interpretation: The marked atrophy of the medial temporal lobe observed in AD patients may explain the increased folding of the entorhinal cortex. We additionally speculate regarding alternative mechanisms that may also alter its folding. The association between increased gyrification of the insular cortex and memory function, specifically observed in AD, could be suggestive of compensatory mechanisms to overcome the loss of memory function. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:67-80.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnostic imaging ; Alzheimer Disease/psychology ; Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Cognition/physiology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnostic imaging ; Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Middle Aged ; Neuroimaging ; Neuropsychological Tests
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80362-5
ISSN	1531-8249 ; 0364-5134
ISSN (online)	1531-8249
ISSN	0364-5134
DOI	10.1002/ana.25741
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Article ; Online: Stability of Imprinting and Differentiation Capacity in Naïve Human Cells Induced by Chemical Inhibition of CDK8 and CDK19.

Bernad, Raquel / Lynch, Cian J / Urdinguio, Rocio G / Stephan-Otto Attolini, Camille / Fraga, Mario F / Serrano, Manuel

Cells

2021 Volume 10, Issue 4

Abstract: Pluripotent stem cells can be stabilized in vitro at different developmental states by the use of specific chemicals and soluble factors. The naïve and primed states are the best characterized pluripotency states. Naïve pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) ... ...

Abstract	Pluripotent stem cells can be stabilized in vitro at different developmental states by the use of specific chemicals and soluble factors. The naïve and primed states are the best characterized pluripotency states. Naïve pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) correspond to the early pre-implantation blastocyst and, in mice, constitute the optimal starting state for subsequent developmental applications. However, the stabilization of human naïve PSCs remains challenging because, after short-term culture, most current methods result in karyotypic abnormalities, aberrant DNA methylation patterns, loss of imprinting and severely compromised developmental potency. We have recently developed a novel method to induce and stabilize naïve human PSCs that consists in the simple addition of a chemical inhibitor for the closely related CDK8 and CDK19 kinases (CDK8/19i). Long-term cultured CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs preserve their normal karyotype and do not show widespread DNA demethylation. Here, we investigate the long-term stability of allele-specific methylation at imprinted loci and the differentiation potency of CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs. We report that long-term cultured CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs retain the imprinting profile of their parental primed cells, and imprints are further retained upon differentiation in the context of teratoma formation. We have also tested the capacity of long-term cultured CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs to differentiate into primordial germ cell (PGC)-like cells (PGCLCs) and trophoblast stem cells (TSCs), two cell types that are accessible from the naïve state. Interestingly, long-term cultured CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs differentiated into PGCLCs with a similar efficiency to their primed counterparts. Also, long-term cultured CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs were able to differentiate into TSCs, a transition that was not possible for primed PSCs. We conclude that inhibition of CDK8/19 stabilizes human PSCs in a functional naïve state that preserves imprinting and potency over long-term culture.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8/antagonists & inhibitors ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism ; Genomic Imprinting ; Germ Cells/cytology ; Germ Cells/drug effects ; Germ Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/drug effects ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Trophoblasts/cytology ; Trophoblasts/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; CDK19 protein, human (EC 2.7.11.22) ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 (EC 2.7.11.22) ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (EC 2.7.11.22)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells10040876
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Article ; Online: Subclinical depression and anxiety impact verbal memory functioning differently in men and women -an fMRI study.

Brébion, Gildas / Núñez, Christian / Lombardini, Federica / Senior, Carl / Sánchez Laforga, Ana María / Siddi, Sara / Usall, Judith / Stephan-Otto, Christian

Journal of psychiatric research

2021 Volume 140, Page(s) 308–315

Abstract: Background: Depressive symptoms are known to affect memory efficiency in various populations. More specifically, several studies conducted in patients suffering from schizophrenia have indicated that memory efficiency is affected by depressed mood in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Depressive symptoms are known to affect memory efficiency in various populations. More specifically, several studies conducted in patients suffering from schizophrenia have indicated that memory efficiency is affected by depressed mood in female patients and by anxiety in male patients. We investigated, using neuroimaging techniques, whether similar gender-specific associations with subclinical depression and anxiety could be observed in a non-clinical sample. Method: Forty-five healthy Spanish-speaking individuals (23 females) were administered a verbal memory task. Lists of high- and low-frequency words were presented. Immediate free recall was requested after the learning of each list, and a yes/no recognition task was completed during the acquisition of the fMRI data. Results: Regression analyses revealed that higher depression scores in women, and higher anxiety scores in men, were associated with poorer recall. In women, higher depression scores were further associated with decreased cerebral activity in the right temporoparietal junction, left inferior occipitotemporal gyrus, bilateral thalamus, and left anterior cingulate during correct recognition of target words. In men, anxiety scores were not associated with any cerebral activity. Conclusions: Subclinical depression in women appears to affect memory efficiency by impacting cerebral regions specifically recruited for the cognitive demands of the task, as well as cerebral regions more generally involved in arousal, decision-making, and emotional regulation. Anxiety in men might impact the encoding memory processes. The results, although preliminary, suggest that gender differences may need to be taken into account when developing strategies for the cognitive and pharmacological remediation of memory impairment.
MeSH term(s)	Anxiety/diagnostic imaging ; Depression/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term ; Mental Recall ; Verbal Learning
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3148-3
ISSN	1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
ISSN (online)	1879-1379
ISSN	0022-3956
DOI	10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.063
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