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  1. Book ; Online: Perceptions of People: Cues to Underlying Physiology and Psychology

    Wei Tan, Kok / Welling, Lisa L. M. / Stephen, Ian D. / Jones, Alex L. / Sulikowski, Danielle

    2020  

    Keywords Science: general issues ; Psychology ; Physical Appearance ; Health ; Perception ; Traits
    Size 1 electronic resource (207 pages)
    Publisher Frontiers Media SA
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English ; Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT021231436
    ISBN 9782889637485 ; 2889637484
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: Do they 'look' different(ly)? Dynamic face recognition in Malaysians: Chinese, Malays and Indians compared.

    Wong, Hoo Keat / Keeble, David R T / Stephen, Ian D

    British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)

    2023  Volume 114 Suppl 1, Page(s) 134–149

    Abstract: Previous cross-cultural eye-tracking studies examining face recognition discovered differences in the eye movement strategies that observers employ when perceiving faces. However, it is unclear (1) the degree to which this effect is fundamentally related ...

    Abstract Previous cross-cultural eye-tracking studies examining face recognition discovered differences in the eye movement strategies that observers employ when perceiving faces. However, it is unclear (1) the degree to which this effect is fundamentally related to culture and (2) to what extent facial physiognomy can account for the differences in looking strategies when scanning own- and other-race faces. In the current study, Malay, Chinese and Indian young adults who live in the same multiracial country performed a modified yes/no recognition task. Participants' recognition accuracy and eye movements were recorded while viewing muted face videos of own- and other-race individuals. Behavioural results revealed a clear own-race advantage in recognition memory, and eye-tracking results showed that the three ethnic race groups adopted dissimilar fixation patterns when perceiving faces. Chinese participants preferentially attended more to the eyes than Indian participants did, while Indian participants made more and longer fixations on the nose than Malay participants did. In addition, we detected statistically significant, though subtle, differences in fixation patterns between the faces of the three races. These findings suggest that the racial differences in face-scanning patterns may be attributed both to culture and to variations in facial physiognomy between races.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Young Adult ; East Asian People ; Face ; Facial Recognition ; Fixation, Ocular ; Malaysia ; Cross-Cultural Comparison
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 220659-6
    ISSN 2044-8295
    ISSN (online) 2044-8295
    DOI 10.1111/bjop.12629
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Ui I Zs.237: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  3. Article ; Online: Did you skip leg day? The neural mechanisms of muscle perception for body parts.

    Ip, Keefe / Kusyk, Nicole / Stephen, Ian D / Brooks, Kevin R

    Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior

    2023  Volume 171, Page(s) 75–89

    Abstract: While the neural mechanisms underpinning the perception of muscularity are poorly understood, recent progress has been made using the psychophysical technique of visual adaptation. Prolonged visual exposure to high (low) muscularity bodies causes ... ...

    Abstract While the neural mechanisms underpinning the perception of muscularity are poorly understood, recent progress has been made using the psychophysical technique of visual adaptation. Prolonged visual exposure to high (low) muscularity bodies causes subsequently viewed bodies to appear less (more) muscular, revealing a recalibration of the neural populations encoding muscularity. Here, we use visual adaptation to further elucidate the tuning properties of the neural processes underpinning muscle perception for the upper and lower halves of the body. Participants manipulated the apparent muscularity of upper and lower bodies until they appeared 'normal', prior to and following exposure to a series of top/bottom halves of bodies that were either high or low in muscularity. In Experiment 1, participants were adapted to isolated own-gender body halves from one of four conditions; increased (muscularity) upper (body half), increased lower, decreased upper, or decreased lower. Despite the presence of muscle aftereffects when the body halves the participants viewed and manipulated were congruent, there was only weak evidence of muscle aftereffect transfer between the upper and lower halves of the body. Aftereffects were significantly weaker when body halves were incongruent, implying minimal overlap in the neural mechanisms encoding muscularity for body half. Experiment 2 examined the generalisability of Experiment 1's findings in a more ecologically valid context using whole-body stimuli, producing a similar pattern of results as Experiment 1, but with no evidence of cross-adaptation. Taken together, the findings are most consistent with muscle-encoding neural populations that are body-half selective. As visual adaptation has been implicated in cases of body size and shape misperception, the present study furthers our current understanding of how these perceptual inaccuracies, particularly those involving muscularity, are developed, maintained, and may potentially be treated.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Human Body ; Leg ; Muscles ; Body Size ; Perception
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-03
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280622-8
    ISSN 1973-8102 ; 0010-9452
    ISSN (online) 1973-8102
    ISSN 0010-9452
    DOI 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.10.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 687: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  4. Article: The valence-dominance model applies to body perception.

    Tzschaschel, Eva / Brooks, Kevin R / Stephen, Ian D

    Royal Society open science

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 9, Page(s) 220594

    Abstract: First impressions of a person, including social judgements, are often based on appearance. The widely accepted valence-dominance model of face perception (Oosterhof and Todorov ... ...

    Abstract First impressions of a person, including social judgements, are often based on appearance. The widely accepted valence-dominance model of face perception (Oosterhof and Todorov 2008
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2787755-3
    ISSN 2054-5703
    ISSN 2054-5703
    DOI 10.1098/rsos.220594
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Eye tracker as an implied social presence: awareness of being eye-tracked induces social-norm-based looking behaviour.

    Wong, Hoo Keat / Stephen, Ian D

    Journal of eye movement research

    2019  Volume 12, Issue 2

    Abstract: Human behaviour is not only influenced by the physical presence of others, but also implied social presence. This study examines the impact of awareness of being eye-tracked on eye movement behaviour in a laboratory setting. During a classic yes/no face ... ...

    Abstract Human behaviour is not only influenced by the physical presence of others, but also implied social presence. This study examines the impact of awareness of being eye-tracked on eye movement behaviour in a laboratory setting. During a classic yes/no face recognition task, participants were made to believe that their eye movements were recorded (or not recorded) by eye trackers. Their looking patterns with and without the awareness of being eye-tracked were compared while perceiving social (faces, faces-and-bodies) and non-social (inanimate objects) video stimuli. Area-of-interest (AOI) analysis revealed that misinformed participants (who were not aware that their eye movements were being recorded) looked more at the body (chest and waist) compared to informed participants (who believed they were being eye-tracked), whereas informed participants fixated longer on the mouth and shorter on the eyes of female models than misinformed participants did. These findings highlight the potential impact of an awareness of being eye tracked on one's eye movement pattern when perceiving a social stimulus. We conclude that even within laboratory settings an eye tracker may function as an implied social presence that leads individuals to modify their eye movement behaviour according to socially-derived inhibitory norms.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2578662-3
    ISSN 1995-8692 ; 1995-8692
    ISSN (online) 1995-8692
    ISSN 1995-8692
    DOI 10.16910/jemr.12.2.5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Skin Color Preferences in a Malaysian Chinese Population.

    Tan, Kok Wei / Stephen, Ian D

    Frontiers in psychology

    2019  Volume 10, Page(s) 1352

    Abstract: Facial skin color influences the perceived health and attractiveness of Caucasian faces, and has been proposed as a valid cue to aspects of physiological health. Similar preferences for skin color have previously been found in African participants, while ...

    Abstract Facial skin color influences the perceived health and attractiveness of Caucasian faces, and has been proposed as a valid cue to aspects of physiological health. Similar preferences for skin color have previously been found in African participants, while different preferences have been found among mainland Chinese participants. Here, we asked Malaysian Chinese participants (ethnic Chinese living in an Asian country with high levels of exposure to Western culture) to manipulate the skin color of Malaysian Chinese, Caucasian, and African faces to make them "look as healthy as possible." Participants chose to increase skin yellowness to a greater extent than to increase skin redness to optimize healthy appearance. The slight reduction in skin lightness chosen was not statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. While broadly in line with the preferences of Caucasian and African participants from previous studies, this differs from mainland Chinese participants. There may be a role for culture in skin color preferences, though methodological differences mean that further research is necessary to identify the cause of these differences in preferences.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01352
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Over or Under? Mental Representations and the Paradox of Body Size Estimation.

    Brooks, Kevin R / Stevenson, Richard J / Stephen, Ian D

    Frontiers in psychology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 706313

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.706313
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Putting the theory before the data: is "massive modularity" a necessary foundation of evolutionary psychology?

    Stephen, Ian D

    Frontiers in psychology

    2014  Volume 5, Page(s) 1158

    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-10-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01158
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: The Own-Race Bias for Face Recognition in a Multiracial Society.

    Wong, Hoo Keat / Stephen, Ian D / Keeble, David R T

    Frontiers in psychology

    2020  Volume 11, Page(s) 208

    Abstract: The own-race bias (ORB) is a reliable phenomenon across cultural and racial groups where unfamiliar faces from other races are usually remembered more poorly than own-race faces (Meissner and Brigham, 2001). By adopting a yes-no recognition paradigm, we ... ...

    Abstract The own-race bias (ORB) is a reliable phenomenon across cultural and racial groups where unfamiliar faces from other races are usually remembered more poorly than own-race faces (Meissner and Brigham, 2001). By adopting a yes-no recognition paradigm, we found that ORB was pronounced across race groups (Malaysian-Malay, Malaysian-Chinese, Malaysian-Indian, and Western-Caucasian) when faces were presented with only internal features (Experiment 1), implying that growing up in a profoundly multiracial society does not necessarily eliminate ORB. Using a procedure identical to Experiment 1, we observed a significantly greater increment in recognition performance for other-race faces than for own-race faces when the external features (e.g. facial contour and hairline) were presented along with the internal features (Experiment 2)-this abolished ORB. Contrary to assumptions based on the contact hypothesis, participants' self-reported amount of interracial contact on a social contact questionnaire did not significantly predict the magnitude of ORB. Overall, our findings suggest that the level of exposure to other-race faces accounts for only a small part of ORB. In addition, the present results also support the notion that different neural mechanisms may be involved in processing own- and other-race faces, with internal features of own-race faces being processed more effectively, whereas external features dominate representations of other-race faces.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-06
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00208
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Editorial: Experimental Approaches to Body Image, Representation and Perception.

    Brooks, Kevin R / Bell, Jason / Boothroyd, Lynda G / Stephen, Ian D

    Frontiers in psychology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 809385

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.809385
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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