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Article ; Online: TEACHERS’ TURNOVER INTENTIONS

Onesmus Kamau / Stephen M.A. Muathe / Lawrence Wainaina

Cogent Business & Management, Vol 8, Iss

ROLE OF HRM PRACTICES IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KENYA

2021 Volume 1

Abstract: Employees play a key role in the achievement of organizations’ objectives and thus every organization endeavors to ensure employee retention. However, as the organization endeavors to do this, they are faced with the challenge of employees’ turnover ... ...

Abstract	Employees play a key role in the achievement of organizations’ objectives and thus every organization endeavors to ensure employee retention. However, as the organization endeavors to do this, they are faced with the challenge of employees’ turnover intentions. Although it has been suggested that Human Resource Management (HRM) practices may affect employees’ turnover intentions, the extent of this effect has been inconsistent in previous studies. Moreover, literature on HRM practices and turnover intentions in Kenyan context is limited hence prompting this research. The study thus sought to investigate the effect of compensation, career management, performance appraisal and training on turnover intentions of teachers in public secondary schools in Murang’a county Kenya. The study had its basis on Social exchange, Organization equilibrium and Expectancy confirmatory theories. The target population was 3752 Teachers Service Commission (TSC) teachers in 304 public secondary schools in Murang’a county Kenya. A two multi stage random sampling method was applied to select a sample size of 40 schools and 400 teachers. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and interview guide were data collection tools. The study used descriptive statistics and logistic regression and content analysis for data analysis. The study findings indicated that compensation and training significantly influenced turnover intentions while career development and performance appraisal insignificantly influenced public secondary schools’ teachers’ turnover intentions in Murang’a county Kenya. Policy implications of study findings have been discussed.
Keywords	hrm practices ; public secondary schools ; turnover intentions ; teachers ; logistic regression ; Social Sciences ; H ; Business ; HF5001-6182
Subject code	370
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Organization health conceptualized as an emergent capability in a public sector reform program

Philip Awino / James M. Kilika / Stephen M.A Muathe

International Journal of Research In Business and Social Science, Vol 11, Iss 2, Pp 16-

2022 Volume 28

Abstract: The study reports findings of an investigation on the effect of emergent capability derived from an organization development (OD) program on the effect of the OD on realized performance in a National Police Service public sector reform program in Kenya. ... ...

Abstract	The study reports findings of an investigation on the effect of emergent capability derived from an organization development (OD) program on the effect of the OD on realized performance in a National Police Service public sector reform program in Kenya. The study considered how four components of the OD process were realized from the reform program and determined the level of emergent capability that resulted from the OD components. Primary data was obtained from a sample of 294 senior officers in job groups PG5-PG11. The study finds that the level of OD realized from the reform program was rated at a moderate level and contributed to an equivalent level of emergent capability of the form of organization health. OD has a significant positive effect on the emergent capability and performance while the emergent capability has a positive effect on performance and partially mediates the effect of OD on performance. The study calls on practicing managers to consider integrating the OD process with the strategic management process from initiation to the end of the process. Future research is called upon to consider expanding both the conceptual and methodological scopes adopted in this study to enhance the generalizability of the findings.
Keywords	od ; organization health ; emergent capability national police service ; performance ; kenya ; Social Sciences ; H
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Center for Strategic Studies in Business & Finance
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Nexus Analysis

Morrisson Mutuku / Stephen M.A Muathe

International Journal of Research In Business and Social Science, Vol 9, Iss 4, Pp 175-

Internet of Things and Business Performance

2020 Volume 181

Abstract: This paper analyses the influence of the Internet of Things (IoT) on business performance guided by the following objectives; assessing the influence of the Internet of things positively on sales and marketing strategies of business; to determine the ... ...

Abstract	This paper analyses the influence of the Internet of Things (IoT) on business performance guided by the following objectives; assessing the influence of the Internet of things positively on sales and marketing strategies of business; to determine the influence of the Internet of things on resources management in modern businesses and to analyze the influence of the Internet of things on business profitability. The paper conducted exploratory research to study the Impact of IoT data on Business performance was conducted. Through the literature review process recently published papers on IoT and business performance including sales and marketing strategies, resource management profitability was gathered. Research papers, Journals, Internet Sites, and books were used to collate the relevant content on the subject. The analysis conducted by this study indicated that most published studies showed that IoT has huge potential for businesses across many sectors. The data collected through the implementation of IoT provide business with opportunities of increasing efficiency which improves sales and marketing, resource management, growth potential, and profitability. This study recommends that despite the challenges in the development of IoT technologies, it’s an implementation in businesses is inevitable as they seek to increase the performance.
Keywords	internet of things ; business ; performance ; sales ; marketing ; profitability ; Social Sciences ; H
Subject code	650
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Center for Strategic Studies in Business & Finance
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Genome-Wide Association Study of age at puberty and its (co)variances with fertility and stature in growing and lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle.

Stephen, M A / Burke, C R / Steele, N / Pryce, J E / Meier, S / Amer, P R / Phyn, C V C / Garrick, D J

Journal of dairy science

2023

Abstract: Reproductive performance is a key determinant of cow longevity in a pasture-based, seasonal dairy system. Unfortunately, direct fertility phenotypes such as inter-calving interval or pregnancy rate tend to have low heritabilities and occur relatively ... ...

Abstract	Reproductive performance is a key determinant of cow longevity in a pasture-based, seasonal dairy system. Unfortunately, direct fertility phenotypes such as inter-calving interval or pregnancy rate tend to have low heritabilities and occur relatively late in an animal's life. In contrast, age at puberty (AGEP) is a moderately heritable, early-in-life trait, that may be estimated using an animal's age at first measured elevation in blood plasma progesterone (AGEP4) concentrations. Understanding the genetic architecture of AGEP4 in addition to genetic relationships between AGEP4 and fertility traits in lactating cows is important, as is its relationship with body size in the growing animal. Thus, the objectives of this research were 3-fold. First, to estimate the genetic and phenotypic (co)variances between AGEP4 and subsequent fertility during first and second lactations. Second, to quantify the associations between AGEP4 and height, length, and body weight (BW) measured when animals were around 11 mo old (SD = 0.5). Third, to identify genomic regions that are likely to be associated with variation in AGEP4. We measured AGEP4, height, length, and BW in around 5,000 Holstein-Friesian or Holstein-Friesian x Jersey crossbred yearling heifers, across 54 pasture-based herds managed in seasonal calving farm systems. We also obtained calving rate (CR42: success or failure to calve within the first 42 d of the seasonal calving period), breeding rate (PB21: success or failure to be presented for breeding within the first 21 d of the seasonal breeding period) and pregnancy rate (PR42: success or failure to become pregnant within the first 42 d of the seasonal breeding period) phenotypes from their first and second lactations. The animals were genotyped using the Weatherby's Versa 50K SNP array (Illumina, USA). The estimated heritabilities of AGEP4, height, length, and BW were 0.34 (0.30, 0.37), 0.28 (0.25, 0.31), 0.21 (0.18, 0.23), and 0.33 (0.30, 0.36), respectively. In contrast, the heritabilities of CR42, PB21 and PR42 were all < 0.05 in both first and second lactations. The genetic correlations between AGEP4 and these fertility traits were generally moderate ranging from 0.11 to 0.60, whereas genetic correlations between AGEP4 and yearling body conformation traits ranged from 0.02 to 0.28. Our genome wide association study (GWAS) highlighted a genomic window on chromosome 5 that was strongly associated with variation in AGEP4. We also identified 4 regions, located on chromosomes 14, 6, 1 and 11 (in order of decreasing importance), that exhibited suggestive associations with AGEP4. Our results show that AGEP4 is a reasonable predictor of estimated breeding values (EBVs) for fertility traits in lactating cows. While the GWAS provided insights into genetic mechanisms underpinning AGEP4, further work is required to test genomic predictions of fertility that use this information.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.2023-23963
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Article ; Online: Genome-wide association study of anogenital distance and its (co)variances with fertility in growing and lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle.

Stephen, M A / Burke, C R / Steele, N / Pryce, J E / Meier, S / Amer, P R / Phyn, C V C / Garrick, D J

Journal of dairy science

2023 Volume 106, Issue 11, Page(s) 7846–7860

Abstract: Anogenital distance (AGD) is a moderately heritable trait that can be measured at a young age that may provide an opportunity to indirectly select for improved fertility in dairy cattle. In this study, we characterized AGD and its genetic and phenotypic ... ...

Abstract	Anogenital distance (AGD) is a moderately heritable trait that can be measured at a young age that may provide an opportunity to indirectly select for improved fertility in dairy cattle. In this study, we characterized AGD and its genetic and phenotypic relationships with a range of body stature and fertility traits. We measured AGD, shoulder height, body length, and body weight in a population of 5,010 Holstein-Friesian and Holstein-Friesian × Jersey crossbred heifers at approximately 11 mo of age (AGD1). These animals were born in 2018 across 54 seasonal calving, pasture-based dairy herds. A second measure of AGD was collected in a subset of herds (n = 17; 1,956 animals) when the animals averaged 29 mo of age (AGD2). Fertility measures included age at puberty (AGEP), then time of calving, breeding, and pregnancy during the first and second lactations. We constructed binary traits reflecting the animal's ability to calve during the first 42 d of their herd's seasonal calving period (CR42), be presented for breeding during the first 21 d of the seasonal breeding period (PB21) and become pregnant during the first 42 d of the seasonal breeding period (PR42). The posterior mean of sampled heritabilities for AGD1 was 0.23, with 90% of samples falling within a credibility interval (90% CRI) of 0.20 to 0.26, whereas the heritability of AGD2 was 0.29 (90% CRI 0.24 to 0.34). The relationship between AGD1 and AGD2 was highly positive, with a genetic correlation of 0.89 (90% CRI 0.82 to 0.94). Using a GWAS analysis of 2,460 genomic windows based on 50k genotype data, we detected a region on chromosome 20 that was highly associated with variation in AGD1, and a second region on chromosome 13 that was moderately associated with variation in AGD1. We did not detect any genomic regions associated with AGD2 which was measured in fewer animals. The genetic correlation between AGD1 and AGEP was 0.10 (90% CRI 0.00 to 0.19), whereas the genetic correlation between AGD2 and AGEP was 0.30 (90% CRI 0.15 to 0.44). The timing of calving, breeding, and pregnancy (CR42, PB21, and PR42) during first or second lactations exhibited moderate genetic relationships with AGD1 (0.19 to 0.52) and AGD2 (0.46 to 0.63). Genetic correlations between AGD and body stature traits were weak (≤0.16). We conclude that AGD is a moderately heritable trait, which may have value as an early-in-life genetic predictor for reproductive success during lactation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.2023-23427
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Article ; Online: Animal- and herd-level factors associated with onset of puberty in grazing dairy heifers.

Steele, N M / Stephen, M A / Kuhn-Sherlock, B / Hendriks, S J / Meier, S / Phyn, Cvc / Burke, C R

New Zealand veterinary journal

2023 Volume 71, Issue 5, Page(s) 213–225

Abstract: Aims: To explore animal- and herd-level risk factors influencing age at puberty in predominantly Holstein-Friesian dairy heifers managed in seasonal, pasture-based systems.: Methods: Heifers born in spring 2018 (n = 5,010) from 54 commercial dairy ... ...

Abstract	Aims: To explore animal- and herd-level risk factors influencing age at puberty in predominantly Holstein-Friesian dairy heifers managed in seasonal, pasture-based systems. Methods: Heifers born in spring 2018 (n = 5,010) from 54 commercial dairy herds in New Zealand were visited on three occasions when the mean heifer age, within herd, was 10 (visit 1; V1), 11 (V2) and 12 (V3) months old. Blood samples were collected on each visit and liveweight, stature and anogenital distance (AGD) were measured at V2. Heifers were defined as having reached puberty at the first visit where blood progesterone was elevated (≥ 1 ng/mL). Animal-level response variables included pubertal status by V1, V2 and V3, and age at puberty (or age at V3 plus 31 days for those that had not attained puberty by V3). To explore herd-level management factors, farmers answered a questionnaire relating to animal location, land type, health, feeding, and management between weaning and mating. A partial least squares regression was undertaken to identify herd-level factors associated with the greatest influence on puberty rate within herd. Results: The mean age at puberty was 352 (SD 34.9) days. Heavier animals at a greater proportion of expected mature liveweight based on their breeding value for liveweight, or animals with a higher breed proportion of Jersey and lower breed proportion of Holstein, were associated with earlier puberty. Herd puberty rates varied widely among enrolled herds, and averaged 20%, 39% and 56% by V1, V2 and V3, respectively. Liveweight, followed by breed and land type, had the greatest influence on the herd puberty rate. Heifer herds with a greater mean liveweight (absolute and proportion of expected mature weight) or greater Jersey proportion had more animals that reached puberty at any visit, whereas herds located on steep land or with greater Holstein breed proportions had lower puberty rates. Management-related factors such as vaccinations, provision of feed supplements, and weighing frequency were also herd-level risk factors of puberty but had less influence. Conclusions and clinical relevance: This study highlights the importance of having well-grown heifers for increasing the chances of earlier puberty onset and the effect of breed and youngstock management to achieve growth targets. These outcomes have important implications for the optimal management of heifers to achieve puberty before their maiden breeding and for the timing of measurements to potentially incorporate a puberty trait in genetic evaluations.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Cattle ; Animals ; Female ; Sexual Maturation/physiology ; Reproduction ; Risk Factors ; Parturition ; Dietary Supplements
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	415642-0
ISSN	1176-0710 ; 0048-0169
ISSN (online)	1176-0710
ISSN	0048-0169
DOI	10.1080/00480169.2023.2224763
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Article ; Online: Confirmatory evaluation of eFUME for control of brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).

Corbett, Stephen M A / Cullum, John P / Abrams, Adelaine E / Rodriguez, Mathew S / Leskey, Tracy C / Walse, Spencer S

Journal of economic entomology

2023 Volume 116, Issue 3, Page(s) 771–778

Abstract: The governments of Australia and New Zealand require a phytosanitary treatment to control adult brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), as overwintering aggregations have been intercepted in the importation pathway ...

Abstract	The governments of Australia and New Zealand require a phytosanitary treatment to control adult brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), as overwintering aggregations have been intercepted in the importation pathway of various nonhorticultural consignments, including vehicles. The commercialized fumigant, eFUME, a 16.7% by mass dilution of ethyl formate in carbon dioxide, resulted in complete control of ca. 1,000 field-collected, naturally diapausing adult H. halys in each of 3 independent trials at 10 ± 0.5 °C (x¯ ± 2s) when ethyl formate levels in enclosure headspace were maintained steady-state at ca. 14.5 mg/liter for 4 h to yield Ct exposures ranging from 57.9 to 63.1 mg/liter h. Consistent with previous findings where greenhouse reared H. halys were controlled using laboratory formulations of this ethyl formate-carbon dioxide mixture, these confirmatory methods and results further inform technical and operational features of commercial practice.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Carbon Dioxide ; Heteroptera ; Australia ; New Zealand
Chemical Substances	ethyl formate (0K3E2L5553) ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3031-4
ISSN	1938-291X ; 0022-0493
ISSN (online)	1938-291X
ISSN	0022-0493
DOI	10.1093/jee/toad064
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Article ; Online: Confirmatory evaluation of eFUME for control of brown marmorated stink bug, (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Corbett, Stephen M. A. / Cullum, John P. / Abrams, Adelaine E. / Rodriguez, Mathew S. / Leskey, Tracy C. / Walse, Spencer S.

Journal of Economic Entomology. 2023 May 11, v. 116, no. 3 p.771-778

2023

Abstract	The governments of Australia and New Zealand require a phytosanitary treatment to control adult brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), as overwintering aggregations have been intercepted in the importation pathway of various nonhorticultural consignments, including vehicles. The commercialized fumigant, eFUME, a 16.7% by mass dilution of ethyl formate in carbon dioxide, resulted in complete control of ca. 1,000 field-collected, naturally diapausing adult H. halys in each of 3 independent trials at 10 ± 0.5 °C (x¯ ± 2s) when ethyl formate levels in enclosure headspace were maintained steady-state at ca. 14.5 mg/liter for 4 h to yield Ct exposures ranging from 57.9 to 63.1 mg/liter h. Consistent with previous findings where greenhouse reared H. halys were controlled using laboratory formulations of this ethyl formate—carbon dioxide mixture, these confirmatory methods and results further inform technical and operational features of commercial practice.
Keywords	Halyomorpha halys ; adults ; carbon dioxide ; commercialization ; diapause ; entomology ; formates ; fumigants ; greenhouses ; headspace analysis ; overwintering ; sanitary and phytosanitary regulations ; Australia ; New Zealand
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0511
Size	p. 771-778.
Publishing place	Oxford University Press (OUP)
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Resource is Open Access
ZDB-ID	3031-4
ISSN	0022-0493
ISSN	0022-0493
DOI	10.1093/jee/toad064
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The atypical CDK activator RingoA/Spy1 regulates exit from quiescence in neural stem cells

Laura Gonzalez / Ana Domingo-Muelas / Pere Duart-Abadia / Marc Nuñez / Petra Mikolcevic / Elisabet Llonch / Monica Cubillos-Rojas / Begoña Cánovas / Stephen M.A. Forrow / Jose Manuel Morante-Redolat / Isabel Fariñas / Angel R. Nebreda

iScience, Vol 26, Iss 3, Pp 106202- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Summary: In the adult mammalian brain, most neural stem cells (NSCs) are held in a reversible state of quiescence, which is essential to avoid NSC exhaustion and determine the appropriate neurogenesis rate. NSCs of the mouse adult subependymal niche ... ...

Abstract	Summary: In the adult mammalian brain, most neural stem cells (NSCs) are held in a reversible state of quiescence, which is essential to avoid NSC exhaustion and determine the appropriate neurogenesis rate. NSCs of the mouse adult subependymal niche provide neurons for olfactory circuits and can be found at different depths of quiescence, but very little is known on how their quiescence-to-activation transition is controlled. Here, we identify the atypical cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activator RingoA as a regulator of this process. We show that the expression of RingoA increases the levels of CDK activity and facilitates cell cycle entry of a subset of NSCs that divide slowly. Accordingly, RingoA-deficient mice exhibit reduced olfactory neurogenesis with an accumulation of quiescent NSCs. Our results indicate that RingoA plays an important role in setting the threshold of CDK activity required for adult NSCs to exit quiescence and may represent a dormancy regulator in adult mammalian tissues.
Keywords	Neuroscience ; Molecular neuroscience ; Cell biology ; Science ; Q
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Variance parameter estimation for age at puberty phenotypes under 2 levels of phenotype censorship.

Stephen, M A / Meier, S / Price, M D / Pryce, J E / Burke, C R / Phyn, C V C / Garrick, D J

JDS communications

2022 Volume 3, Issue 5, Page(s) 339–342

Abstract: Age at puberty (AGEP) is a moderately heritable trait in cattle that may be predictive of an animal's genetic merit for reproductive success later in life. In addition, under some mating strategies (for example, where mating begins before all animals ... ...

Abstract	Age at puberty (AGEP) is a moderately heritable trait in cattle that may be predictive of an animal's genetic merit for reproductive success later in life. In addition, under some mating strategies (for example, where mating begins before all animals have attained puberty) animals that attain puberty at a relatively young age will also likely conceive earlier than their herd mates, and thus begin their productive life earlier. Unfortunately, AGEP is challenging to measure because animals must be observed over a period of several months. Our objectives for this study were twofold. The first objective was to produce variance components for AGEP. The second objective was to investigate the implications of a simplified phenotyping strategy for AGEP, when the interval between repeated blood plasma progesterone measures was extended from weekly to monthly, increasing the extent of left, interval, and right censoring. We measured AGEP in a closely monitored population of around 500 Holstein-Friesian heifers, born in 2015 and managed under a seasonal, pasture-based dairy system. Animals were blood tested weekly from approximately 240 to 440 d of age and were deemed to have reached puberty when blood plasma progesterone elevation (>1 ng/mL) was detected in 2 of 3 consecutive blood tests (AGEP_Weekly). To simulate a simplified phenotyping strategy based on monthly herd visits (AGEP_Monthly), we selectively disregarded data from all but 3 blood test events, when animals were around 300, 330, and 360 d of age (standard deviation = 14.5 d). The posterior mean of estimated heritabilities for AGEP_Weekly was 0.54, with a 90% credibility interval (90% CRI) of 0.41 to 0.66, whereas it was 0.44 (90% CRI 0.32 to 0.57) for AGEP_Monthly. The correlation between EBVs for AGEP_Weekly and AGEP_Monthly was 0.87 (90% CRI, 0.84 to 0.89). We conclude that in this population, AGEP is a moderately heritable trait. Further, increasing phenotype censorship from weekly to monthly observations would not have altered the main conclusions of this analysis. Our results support the strategic use of censoring to reduce costs and animal ethics considerations associated with collection of puberty phenotypes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-9102
ISSN (online)	2666-9102
DOI	10.3168/jdsc.2022-0218
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