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  1. Article ; Online: Activity-Dependent Ectopic Spiking in Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons of the Neocortex.

    Theyel, Brian B / Stevenson, Rachel J / Connors, Barry W

    eNeuro

    2024  Volume 11, Issue 5

    Abstract: Canonically, action potentials of most mammalian neurons initiate at the axon initial segment (AIS) and propagate bidirectionally: orthodromically along the distal axon and retrogradely into the soma and dendrites. Under some circumstances, action ... ...

    Abstract Canonically, action potentials of most mammalian neurons initiate at the axon initial segment (AIS) and propagate bidirectionally: orthodromically along the distal axon and retrogradely into the soma and dendrites. Under some circumstances, action potentials may initiate ectopically, at sites distal to the AIS, and propagate antidromically along the axon. These "ectopic action potentials" (EAPs) have been observed in experimental models of seizures and chronic pain, and more rarely in nonpathological forebrain neurons. Here we report that a large majority of parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons in the upper layers of mouse neocortex, from both orbitofrontal and primary somatosensory areas, fire EAPs after sufficient activation of their somata. Somatostatin-expressing interneurons also fire EAPs, though less robustly. Ectopic firing in PV+ cells occurs in varying temporal patterns and can persist for several seconds. PV+ cells evoke strong synaptic inhibition in pyramidal neurons and interneurons and play critical roles in cortical function. Our results suggest that ectopic spiking of PV+ interneurons is common and may contribute to both normal and pathological network functions of the neocortex.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Parvalbumins/metabolism ; Interneurons/physiology ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Neocortex/physiology ; Action Potentials/physiology ; Mice, Transgenic ; Male ; Mice ; Female ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Somatostatin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Parvalbumins ; Somatostatin (51110-01-1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2800598-3
    ISSN 2373-2822 ; 2373-2822
    ISSN (online) 2373-2822
    ISSN 2373-2822
    DOI 10.1523/ENEURO.0314-23.2024
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Male-male clasping may be part of an alternative reproductive tactic in Xenopus laevis.

    Rhodes, Heather J / Stevenson, Rachel J / Ego, Courtney L

    PloS one

    2014  Volume 9, Issue 5, Page(s) e97761

    Abstract: Male Xenopus laevis frogs have been observed to clasp other males in a sustained, amplectant position, the purpose of which is unknown. We examined three possible hypotheses for this counter-intuitive behavior: 1) clasping males fail to discriminate the ... ...

    Abstract Male Xenopus laevis frogs have been observed to clasp other males in a sustained, amplectant position, the purpose of which is unknown. We examined three possible hypotheses for this counter-intuitive behavior: 1) clasping males fail to discriminate the sex of the frogs they clasp; 2) male-male clasping is an aggressive or dominant behavior; or 3) that males clasp other males to gain proximity to breeding events and possibly engage in sperm competition. Our data, gathered through a series of behavioral experiments in the laboratory, refute the first two hypotheses. We found that males did not clasp indiscriminately, but showed a sex preference, with most males preferentially clasping a female, but a proportion preferentially clasping another male. Males that clasped another male when there was no female present were less likely to "win" reproductive access in a male-male-female triad, indicating that they did not establish dominance through clasping. However, those males did gain proximity to oviposition by continued male-male clasping in the presence of the female. Thus, our findings are consistent with, but cannot confirm, the third hypothesis of male-male clasping as an alternative reproductive tactic.
    MeSH term(s) Aggression ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Breeding ; Female ; Male ; Mating Preference, Animal ; Reproduction ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Xenopus laevis/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-05-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0097761
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Early Life Stress Drives Sex-Selective Impairment in Reversal Learning by Affecting Parvalbumin Interneurons in Orbitofrontal Cortex of Mice.

    Goodwill, Haley L / Manzano-Nieves, Gabriela / LaChance, Patrick / Teramoto, Sana / Lin, Shirley / Lopez, Chelsea / Stevenson, Rachel J / Theyel, Brian B / Moore, Christopher I / Connors, Barry W / Bath, Kevin G

    Cell reports

    2018  Volume 25, Issue 9, Page(s) 2299–2307.e4

    Abstract: Poverty, displacement, and parental stress represent potent sources of early life stress (ELS). Stress disproportionately affects females, who are at increased risk for stress-related pathologies associated with cognitive impairment. Mechanisms ... ...

    Abstract Poverty, displacement, and parental stress represent potent sources of early life stress (ELS). Stress disproportionately affects females, who are at increased risk for stress-related pathologies associated with cognitive impairment. Mechanisms underlying stress-associated cognitive impairment and enhanced risk of females remain unknown. Here, ELS is associated with impaired rule-reversal (RR) learning in females, but not males. Impaired performance was associated with decreased expression and density of interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV+) in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), but not other interneuron subtypes. Optogenetic silencing of PV+ interneuron activity in OFC of control mice phenocopied RR learning deficits observed in ELS females. Localization of reversal learning deficits to PV+ interneurons in OFC was confirmed by optogenetic studies in which neurons in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were silenced and associated with select deficits in rule-shift learning. Sex-, cell-, and region-specific effects show altered PV+ interneuron development can be a driver of sex differences in cognitive dysfunction.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Count ; Female ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Parvalbumins/metabolism ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Reversal Learning/physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
    Chemical Substances Parvalbumins ; RNA, Messenger
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2649101-1
    ISSN 2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
    ISSN (online) 2211-1247
    ISSN 2211-1247
    DOI 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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