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Book: Modeling phase transitions in the brain

Steyn-Ross, D. Alistair

(Springer series in computational neuroscience ; 4)

2010

Author's details	D. Alistair Steyn-Ross ..., ed
Series title	Springer series in computational neuroscience ; 4
Collection
Language	English
Size	XXIX, 305 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., ., 235 mm x 155 mm
Publisher	Springer
Publishing place	New York u.a.
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT016316288
ISBN	978-1-4419-0795-0 ; 9781441907967 ; 1-4419-0795-5 ; 1441907963
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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Article ; Online: Tissue oxygen partial pressure as a viability metric for ex vivo brain tissue slices.

Voss, Logan J / Steyn-Ross, D Alistair

Journal of neuroscience methods

2023 Volume 396, Page(s) 109932

Abstract: Background: Despite the prevalent use of the ex vivo brain slice preparation in neurophysiology research, a reliable method for judging tissue viability - and thus suitability of a slice for inclusion in an experiment - is lacking. The utility of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Despite the prevalent use of the ex vivo brain slice preparation in neurophysiology research, a reliable method for judging tissue viability - and thus suitability of a slice for inclusion in an experiment - is lacking. The utility of indirect electrophysiological measures of tissue health is model-specific and needs to be used cautiously. In this study, we verify a more direct test of slice viability, based on tissue oxygen consumption rate. New method: We hypothesised that the minimum intra-slice partial pressure of oxygen (pO Results: Tissue pO Comparison with existing methods: While measurement of tissue oxygen levels and oxygen consumption is not new, intra-tissue pO Conclusion: The results confirm that tissue oxygen minimum pO
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	282721-9
ISSN	1872-678X ; 0165-0270
ISSN (online)	1872-678X
ISSN	0165-0270
DOI	10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109932
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Article ; Online: Determination of Krogh Coefficient for Oxygen Consumption Measurement from Thin Slices of Rodent Cortical Tissue Using a Fick's Law Model of Diffusion.

Steyn-Ross, D Alistair / Steyn-Ross, Moira L / Sleigh, Jamie W / Voss, Logan J

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 7

Abstract: To investigate the impact of experimental interventions on living biological tissue, ex vivo rodent brain slices are often used as a more controllable alternative to a live animal model. However, for meaningful results, the biological sample must be ... ...

Abstract	To investigate the impact of experimental interventions on living biological tissue, ex vivo rodent brain slices are often used as a more controllable alternative to a live animal model. However, for meaningful results, the biological sample must be known to be healthy and viable. One of the gold-standard approaches to identifying tissue viability status is to measure the rate of tissue oxygen consumption under specific controlled conditions. Here, we work with thin (400 μm) slices of mouse cortical brain tissue which are sustained by a steady flow of oxygenated artificial cerebralspinal fluid (aCSF) at room temperature. To quantify tissue oxygen consumption (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Rodentia ; Diffusion ; Oxygen ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Oxygen Consumption
Chemical Substances	Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24076450
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Article ; Online: Which System Variables Carry Robust Early Signs of Upcoming Phase Transition? An Ecological Example.

Negahbani, Ehsan / Steyn-Ross, D Alistair / Steyn-Ross, Moira L / Aguirre, Luis A

PloS one

2016 Volume 11, Issue 9, Page(s) e0163003

Abstract: Growth of critical fluctuations prior to catastrophic state transition is generally regarded as a universal phenomenon, providing a valuable early warning signal in dynamical systems. Using an ecological fisheries model of three populations (juvenile ... ...

Abstract	Growth of critical fluctuations prior to catastrophic state transition is generally regarded as a universal phenomenon, providing a valuable early warning signal in dynamical systems. Using an ecological fisheries model of three populations (juvenile prey J, adult prey A and predator P), a recent study has reported silent early warning signals obtained from P and A populations prior to saddle-node (SN) bifurcation, and thus concluded that early warning signals are not universal. By performing a full eigenvalue analysis of the same system we demonstrate that while J and P populations undergo SN bifurcation, A does not jump to a new state, so it is not expected to carry early warning signs. In contrast with the previous study, we capture a significant increase in the noise-induced fluctuations in the P population, but only on close approach to the bifurcation point; it is not clear why the P variance initially shows a decaying trend. Here we resolve this puzzle using observability measures from control theory. By computing the observability coefficient for the system from the recordings of each population considered one at a time, we are able to quantify their ability to describe changing internal dynamics. We demonstrate that precursor fluctuations are best observed using only the J variable, and also P variable if close to transition. Using observability analysis we are able to describe why a poorly observable variable (P) has poor forecasting capabilities although a full eigenvalue analysis shows that this variable undergoes a bifurcation. We conclude that observability analysis provides complementary information to identify the variables carrying early-warning signs about impending state transition.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ecology ; Fishes ; Models, Theoretical
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0163003
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Article: Noise-induced precursors of state transitions in the stochastic Wilson-cowan model.

Negahbani, Ehsan / Steyn-Ross, D Alistair / Steyn-Ross, Moira L / Wilson, Marcus T / Sleigh, Jamie W

Journal of mathematical neuroscience

2015 Volume 5, Page(s) 9

Abstract: The Wilson-Cowan neural field equations describe the dynamical behavior of a 1-D continuum of excitatory and inhibitory cortical neural aggregates, using a pair of coupled integro-differential equations. Here we use bifurcation theory and small-noise ... ...

Abstract	The Wilson-Cowan neural field equations describe the dynamical behavior of a 1-D continuum of excitatory and inhibitory cortical neural aggregates, using a pair of coupled integro-differential equations. Here we use bifurcation theory and small-noise linear stochastics to study the range of a phase transitions-sudden qualitative changes in the state of a dynamical system emerging from a bifurcation-accessible to the Wilson-Cowan network. Specifically, we examine saddle-node, Hopf, Turing, and Turing-Hopf instabilities. We introduce stochasticity by adding small-amplitude spatio-temporal white noise, and analyze the resulting subthreshold fluctuations using an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck linearization. This analysis predicts divergent changes in correlation and spectral characteristics of neural activity during close approach to bifurcation from below. We validate these theoretical predictions using numerical simulations. The results demonstrate the role of noise in the emergence of critically slowed precursors in both space and time, and suggest that these early-warning signals are a universal feature of a neural system close to bifurcation. In particular, these precursor signals are likely to have neurobiological significance as early warnings of impending state change in the cortex. We support this claim with an analysis of the in vitro local field potentials recorded from slices of mouse-brain tissue. We show that in the period leading up to emergence of spontaneous seizure-like events, the mouse field potentials show a characteristic spectral focusing toward lower frequencies concomitant with a growth in fluctuation variance, consistent with critical slowing near a bifurcation point. This observation of biological criticality has clear implications regarding the feasibility of seizure prediction.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04-08
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2190-8567
ISSN	2190-8567
DOI	10.1186/s13408-015-0021-x
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Article ; Online: Frontal-temporal synchronization of EEG signals quantified by order patterns cross recurrence analysis during propofol anesthesia.

Shalbaf, Reza / Behnam, Hamid / Sleigh, Jamie W / Steyn-Ross, D Alistair / Steyn-Ross, Moira L

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

2015 Volume 23, Issue 3, Page(s) 468–474

Abstract: Characterizing brain dynamics during anesthesia is a main current challenge in anesthesia study. Several single channel electroencephalogram (EEG)-based commercial monitors like the Bispectral index (BIS) have suggested to examine EEG signal. But, the ... ...

Abstract	Characterizing brain dynamics during anesthesia is a main current challenge in anesthesia study. Several single channel electroencephalogram (EEG)-based commercial monitors like the Bispectral index (BIS) have suggested to examine EEG signal. But, the BIS index has obtained numerous critiques. In this study, we evaluate the concentration-dependent effect of the propofol on long-range frontal-temporal synchronization of EEG signals collected from eight subjects during a controlled induction and recovery design. We used order patterns cross recurrence plot and provide an index named order pattern laminarity (OPL) to assess changes in neuronal synchronization as the mechanism forming the foundation of conscious perception. The prediction probability of 0.9 and 0.84 for OPL and BIS specified that the OPL index correlated more strongly with effect-site propofol concentration. Also, our new index makes faster reaction to transients in EEG recordings based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model parameters and demonstrates less variability at the point of loss of consciousness (standard deviation of 0.04 for OPL compared with 0.09 for BIS index). The result show that the OPL index can estimate anesthetic state of patient more efficiently than the BIS index in lightly sedated state with more tolerant of artifacts.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia Recovery Period ; Anesthetics, Intravenous/pharmacokinetics ; Conscious Sedation ; Consciousness Monitors ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neurons/physiology ; Perception/physiology ; Propofol/pharmacokinetics ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Propofol (YI7VU623SF)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1166307-8
ISSN	1558-0210 ; 1063-6528 ; 1534-4320
ISSN (online)	1558-0210
ISSN	1063-6528 ; 1534-4320
DOI	10.1109/TNSRE.2014.2350537
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Article: Gap junctions modulate seizures in a mean-field model of general anesthesia for the cortex.

Steyn-Ross, Moira L / Steyn-Ross, D Alistair / Sleigh, Jamie W

Cognitive neurodynamics

2012 Volume 6, Issue 3, Page(s) 215–225

Abstract: During slow-wave sleep, general anesthesia, and generalized seizures, there is an absence of consciousness. These states are characterized by low-frequency large-amplitude traveling waves in scalp electroencephalogram. Therefore the oscillatory state ... ...

Abstract	During slow-wave sleep, general anesthesia, and generalized seizures, there is an absence of consciousness. These states are characterized by low-frequency large-amplitude traveling waves in scalp electroencephalogram. Therefore the oscillatory state might be an indication of failure to form coherent neuronal assemblies necessary for consciousness. A generalized seizure event is a pathological brain state that is the clearest manifestation of waves of synchronized neuronal activity. Since gap junctions provide a direct electrical connection between adjoining neurons, thus enhancing synchronous behavior, reducing gap-junction conductance should suppress seizures; however there is no clear experimental evidence for this. Here we report theoretical predictions for a physiologically-based cortical model that describes the general anesthetic phase transition from consciousness to coma, and includes both chemical synaptic and direct electrotonic synapses. The model dynamics exhibits both Hopf (temporal) and Turing (spatial) instabilities; the Hopf instability corresponds to the slow (≲8 Hz) oscillatory states similar to those seen in slow-wave sleep, general anesthesia, and seizures. We argue that a delicately balanced interplay between Hopf and Turing modes provides a canonical mechanism for the default non-cognitive rest state of the brain. We show that the Turing mode, set by gap-junction diffusion, is generally protective against entering oscillatory modes; and that weakening the Turing mode by reducing gap conduction can release an uncontrolled Hopf oscillation and hence an increased propensity for seizure and simultaneously an increased sensitivity to GABAergic anesthesia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-03-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2276890-7
ISSN	1871-4099 ; 1871-4080
ISSN (online)	1871-4099
ISSN	1871-4080
DOI	10.1007/s11571-012-9194-0
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Article ; Online: Chaotic dynamics underpins the slow oscillation of general anesthesia and nonREM sleep

Steyn-Ross Moira L / Steyn-Ross D Alistair / Sleigh Jamie W

BMC Neuroscience, Vol 13, Iss Suppl 1, p F

2012 Volume 3

Keywords	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; RC321-571 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Neurology ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences ; Neurophysiology and neuropsychology ; QP351-495
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Simulations of pattern dynamics for reaction-diffusion systems via SIMULINK.

Wang, Kaier / Steyn-Ross, Moira L / Steyn-Ross, D Alistair / Wilson, Marcus T / Sleigh, Jamie W / Shiraishi, Yoichi

BMC systems biology

2014 Volume 8, Page(s) 45

Abstract: Background: Investigation of the nonlinear pattern dynamics of a reaction-diffusion system almost always requires numerical solution of the system's set of defining differential equations. Traditionally, this would be done by selecting an appropriate ... ...

Abstract	Background: Investigation of the nonlinear pattern dynamics of a reaction-diffusion system almost always requires numerical solution of the system's set of defining differential equations. Traditionally, this would be done by selecting an appropriate differential equation solver from a library of such solvers, then writing computer codes (in a programming language such as C or Matlab) to access the selected solver and display the integrated results as a function of space and time. This "code-based" approach is flexible and powerful, but requires a certain level of programming sophistication. A modern alternative is to use a graphical programming interface such as Simulink to construct a data-flow diagram by assembling and linking appropriate code blocks drawn from a library. The result is a visual representation of the inter-relationships between the state variables whose output can be made completely equivalent to the code-based solution. Results: As a tutorial introduction, we first demonstrate application of the Simulink data-flow technique to the classical van der Pol nonlinear oscillator, and compare Matlab and Simulink coding approaches to solving the van der Pol ordinary differential equations. We then show how to introduce space (in one and two dimensions) by solving numerically the partial differential equations for two different reaction-diffusion systems: the well-known Brusselator chemical reactor, and a continuum model for a two-dimensional sheet of human cortex whose neurons are linked by both chemical and electrical (diffusive) synapses. We compare the relative performances of the Matlab and Simulink implementations. Conclusions: The pattern simulations by Simulink are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Compared with traditional coding approaches, the Simulink block-diagram paradigm reduces the time and programming burden required to implement a solution for reaction-diffusion systems of equations. Construction of the block-diagram does not require high-level programming skills, and the graphical interface lends itself to easy modification and use by non-experts.
MeSH term(s)	Cerebral Cortex/cytology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Computational Biology/methods ; Diffusion ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Neurons/cytology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Software
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2265490-2
ISSN	1752-0509 ; 1752-0509
ISSN (online)	1752-0509
ISSN	1752-0509
DOI	10.1186/1752-0509-8-45
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Article ; Online: Dense gap-junction connections support dynamic Turing structures in the cortex

Steyn-Ross D Alistair / Steyn-Ross Moira / Wilson Marcus / Sleigh Jamie

BMC Neuroscience, Vol 8, Iss Suppl 2, p S

2007 Volume 2

Keywords	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; RC321-571 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Neurology ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences ; Neurophysiology and neuropsychology ; QP351-495
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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