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Article ; Online: How long is long? Word length effects in reading correspond to minimal graphemic units: An MEG study in Bangla.

Moitra, Swarnendu / Chacón, Dustin A / Stockall, Linnaea

2024 Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) e0292979

Abstract: This paper presents a magnetoencephalography (MEG) study on reading in Bangla, an east Indo-Aryan language predominantly written in an abugida script. The study aims to uncover how visual stimuli are processed and mapped onto abstract linguistic ... ...

Abstract	This paper presents a magnetoencephalography (MEG) study on reading in Bangla, an east Indo-Aryan language predominantly written in an abugida script. The study aims to uncover how visual stimuli are processed and mapped onto abstract linguistic representations in the brain. Specifically, we investigate the neural responses that correspond to word length in Bangla, a language with a unique orthography that introduces multiple ways to measure word length. Our results show that MEG signals localised in the anterior left fusiform gyrus, at around 130ms, are highly correlated with word length when measured in terms of the number of minimal graphemic units in the word rather than independent graphemic units (akśar) or phonemes. Our findings suggest that minimal graphemic units could serve as a suitable metric for measuring word length in non-alphabetic orthographies such as Bangla.
MeSH term(s)	Magnetoencephalography ; Reading ; Language ; Linguistics ; Brain/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0292979
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Registered report protocol: Perceptual effects of Arabic grammatical gender on occupational expectations in a gamified speech production task.

Soliman, Farida / Stockall, Linnaea / Sharma, Devyani

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 10, Page(s) e0292936

Abstract: The default use of masculine morphology to refer to all genders in Arabic-speaking countries is largely unquestioned and widely accepted. However, research on masculine generic morphology in other gender-marked languages has shown that this can create an ...

Abstract	The default use of masculine morphology to refer to all genders in Arabic-speaking countries is largely unquestioned and widely accepted. However, research on masculine generic morphology in other gender-marked languages has shown that this can create an over-representation of men and a male-bias in perception. Given the extensive use of default masculine grammatical gender in the context of job recruitment, education, and formal communication where women are typically underrepresented and men overrepresented, this widely accepted notion needs to be investigated. The primary aim of this research is to understand how grammatical gender in Arabic mediates occupational expectations based on the language currently used in job recruitment in Arabic speaking countries. Specifically, the study explores how the use of default masculine grammatical gender can create a male-bias in perception. The secondary aim of this research is to test whether gender-inclusive language can reduce this male-bias in perception and instead increase the accessibility, activation, and retrieval of exemplars related to other gender minorities (i.e., reduce male-bias in perception). This is achieved through a novel prompted speech production experiment, based on an adaptation of the popular board game 'Taboo' where participants are asked to describe role nouns presented (e.g., doctor or nurse) in different language conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Male ; Humans ; Speech/physiology ; Motivation ; Language ; Language Disorders ; Communication
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0292936
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Early Form-Based Morphological Decomposition in Tagalog: MEG Evidence from Reduplication, Infixation, and Circumfixation.

Wray, Samantha / Stockall, Linnaea / Marantz, Alec

Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.)

2022 Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) 235–255

Abstract: Neuro- and psycholinguistic experimentation supports the early decomposition of morphologically complex words within the ventral processing stream, which MEG has localized to the M170 response in the (left) visual word form area (VWFA). Decomposition ... ...

Abstract	Neuro- and psycholinguistic experimentation supports the early decomposition of morphologically complex words within the ventral processing stream, which MEG has localized to the M170 response in the (left) visual word form area (VWFA). Decomposition into an exhaustive parse of visual morpheme forms extends beyond words like
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2641-4368
ISSN (online)	2641-4368
DOI	10.1162/nol_a_00062
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Processing Evidence for the Grammatical Encoding of the Mass/Count Distinction in Mandarin Chinese.

Yao, Panpan / Stockall, Linnaea / Hall, David / Borer, Hagit

Journal of psycholinguistic research

2022 Volume 51, Issue 2, Page(s) 341–371

Abstract: Using the Visual World Paradigm, the current study aimed to explore whether the mass/count distinction is determined by syntax in Mandarin Chinese, focusing on classified nouns in nominal phrases. By using dual-role classifiers, ontological count and ... ...

Abstract	Using the Visual World Paradigm, the current study aimed to explore whether the mass/count distinction is determined by syntax in Mandarin Chinese, focusing on classified nouns in nominal phrases. By using dual-role classifiers, ontological count and mass nouns, and phrase structures with and without biased syntactic cues we found that the mass/count distinction is initially computed using phrase structure but can be overridden in cases where the syntax is incompatible with nouns' ontological meanings. The results indicate that in Mandarin Chinese, syntactic cues can be rapidly used to make predictions about upcoming information in real time processing.
MeSH term(s)	China ; Cues ; Humans ; Language ; Language Development ; Semantics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	124517-x
ISSN	1573-6555 ; 0090-6905
ISSN (online)	1573-6555
ISSN	0090-6905
DOI	10.1007/s10936-022-09844-0
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Article: Memory for affixes in a long-lag priming paradigm.

Gaston, Phoebe / Stockall, Linnaea / VanWagenen, Sarah / Marantz, Alec

Glossa (London)

2021 Volume 6, Issue 1

Abstract: Psycholinguistic research on the processing of morphologically complex words has largely focused on debates about how/if lexical stems are recognized, stored, and retrieved. Comparatively little processing research has investigated similar issues for ... ...

Abstract	Psycholinguistic research on the processing of morphologically complex words has largely focused on debates about how/if lexical stems are recognized, stored, and retrieved. Comparatively little processing research has investigated similar issues for functional affixes. In Word or Lexeme Based Morphology (Aronoff 1994), affixes are not representational units on par with stems or roots. This view is in stark contrast to the claims of linguistic theories like Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz 1993), which assign rich representational content to affixes. We conducted a series of eight visual lexical decision studies, evaluating effects of derivational affix priming along with stem priming, identity priming, form priming, and semantic priming at long and short lags. We find robust and consistent affix priming (but not semantic or form priming) with lags up to 33 items, supporting the position that affixes are morphemes, i.e., representational units on par with stems. Intriguingly, we find only weaker evidence for the long-lag stem priming effect found in other studies. We interpret this potential asymmetry in terms of the salience of different morphological contexts for recollection memory.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2397-1835
ISSN	2397-1835
DOI	10.16995/glossa.5735
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Generalizing About Striking Properties: Do Glippets Love to Play With Fire?

Lazaridou-Chatzigoga, Dimitra / Katsos, Napoleon / Stockall, Linnaea

Frontiers in psychology

2019 Volume 10, Page(s) 1971

Abstract: Two experiments investigated whether 4- and 5-year-old children are sensitive to whether the content of a generalization is about a salient or noteworthy property (henceforth "striking") and whether varying the number of exceptions has any effect on ... ...

Abstract	Two experiments investigated whether 4- and 5-year-old children are sensitive to whether the content of a generalization is about a salient or noteworthy property (henceforth "striking") and whether varying the number of exceptions has any effect on children's willingness to extend a property after having heard a generalization. Moreover, they investigated how the content of a generalization interacts with exception tolerance. Adult data were collected for comparison. We used generalizations to describe novel kinds (e.g., "glippets") that had either a neutral (e.g., "play with toys") or a striking property (e.g., "play with fire") and measured how willing participants were to extend the property to a new instance of the novel kind. Experiment 1 demonstrated that both adults and children show sensitivity to strikingness in that striking properties were extended less than neutral ones, although children extended less than adults overall. The responses of both age groups were significantly different from chance. Experiment 2 introduced varying numbers of exceptions to the generalization made (minimal: 1 exception; maximal: 3 exceptions). Both adults and children extended both types of properties even in the face of exceptions, but to a lower degree than in Experiment 1. Striking properties were extended less than neutral ones, as in Experiment 1. We observed that the greater the number of exceptions, the lower the rates of extension we obtained, for both types of properties in adults, but only with striking properties in children. Children seemed to keep track of varying numbers of exceptions for striking properties, but their performance did not differ from chance. The findings underscore that 4- and 5-year-old children are sensitive to strikingness and to exception tolerance for generalizations and are developing toward an adult-like behavior with respect to the interplay between strikingness and exception tolerance when they learn about novel kinds. We discuss the implications of these results with regards to how children make generalizations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01971
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Prefix Stripping Re-Re-Revisited: MEG Investigations of Morphological Decomposition and Recomposition.

Stockall, Linnaea / Manouilidou, Christina / Gwilliams, Laura / Neophytou, Kyriaki / Marantz, Alec

Frontiers in psychology

2019 Volume 10, Page(s) 1964

Abstract: We revisit a long-standing question in the psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic literature on comprehending morphologically complex words: are prefixes and suffixes processed using the same cognitive mechanisms? Recent work using Magnetoencephalography ( ... ...

Abstract	We revisit a long-standing question in the psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic literature on comprehending morphologically complex words: are prefixes and suffixes processed using the same cognitive mechanisms? Recent work using Magnetoencephalography (MEG) to uncover the dynamic temporal and spatial responses evoked by visually presented complex suffixed single words provide us with a comprehensive picture of morphological processing in the brain, from early, form-based decomposition, through lexical access, grammatically constrained recomposition, and semantic interpretation. In the present study, we find that MEG responses to prefixed words reveal interesting early differences in the lateralization of the form-based decomposition response compared to the effects reported in the literature for suffixed words, but a very similar post-decomposition profile. These results not only address a question stretching back to the earliest days of modern psycholinguistics, but also add critical support and nuance to our much newer emerging understanding of spatial organization and temporal dynamics of morphological processing in the human brain.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01964
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Article ; Online: Early, equivalent ERP masked priming effects for regular and irregular morphology.

Morris, Joanna / Stockall, Linnaea

Brain and language

2012 Volume 123, Issue 2, Page(s) 81–93

Abstract: Converging evidence from behavioral masked priming (Rastle & Davis, 2008), EEG masked priming (Morris, Frank, Grainger, & Holcomb, 2007) and single word MEG (Zweig & Pylkkänen, 2008) experiments has provided robust support for a model of lexical ... ...

Abstract	Converging evidence from behavioral masked priming (Rastle & Davis, 2008), EEG masked priming (Morris, Frank, Grainger, & Holcomb, 2007) and single word MEG (Zweig & Pylkkänen, 2008) experiments has provided robust support for a model of lexical processing which includes an early, automatic, visual word form based stage of morphological parsing that applies to all derivationally affixed words. The mechanisms by which regularly (walked, birds) and irregularly (gave, geese) inflected forms are processed are less well established. We combine the masked priming paradigm with EEG recording to directly compare the ERPs evoked by regularly and irregularly inflected forms. We find equivalent N250 priming effects for both types of morphological complexity, which argues for rapid, form based morphological parsing of all morphologically complex word forms.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Comprehension/physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Photic Stimulation ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Reading ; Semantics ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	7448-2
ISSN	1090-2155 ; 0093-934X
ISSN (online)	1090-2155
ISSN	0093-934X
DOI	10.1016/j.bandl.2012.07.001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 1063: Show issues

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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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Book ; Online: Structuring the Argument

Bachrach, Asaf / Roy, Isabelle / Stockall, Linnaea

Multidisciplinary research on verb argument structure

(Language Faculty and Beyond ; v.10)

2014

Abstract: We investigate so-called causative psych nominalizations (CPNs), i.e., nominalizations of object experiencer (OE) verbs that realize non-agentive causers as external arguments. While they are ruled out in English (Grimshaw 1990; Iwata 1995; Pesetsky 1995) ...

Series title	Language Faculty and Beyond ; v.10
Abstract	We investigate so-called causative psych nominalizations (CPNs), i.e., nominalizations of object experiencer (OE) verbs that realize non-agentive causers as external arguments. While they are ruled out in English (Grimshaw 1990; Iwata 1995; Pesetsky 1995) and have been suggested to be cross-linguistically banned (Landau 2010), we show that Romanian and Greek derive CPNs from the subject experiencer (SE) form of alternating OE verbs. We analyze them as nominalizations of the anticausative SE form of these verbs. Our results suggest a structural difference between Romanian/Greek and English psyc
Language	English
Size	Online-Ressource (213 p)
Publisher	John Benjamins Publishing Company
Publishing place	Amsterdam/Philadelphia
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	Description based upon print version of record
ISBN	9789027208279 ; 9027208271
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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Article: MEG masked priming evidence for form-based decomposition of irregular verbs.

Fruchter, Joseph / Stockall, Linnaea / Marantz, Alec

Frontiers in human neuroscience

2013 Volume 7, Page(s) 798

Abstract: To what extent does morphological structure play a role in early processing of visually presented English past tense verbs? Previous masked priming studies have demonstrated effects of obligatory form-based decomposition for genuinely affixed words ( ... ...

Abstract	To what extent does morphological structure play a role in early processing of visually presented English past tense verbs? Previous masked priming studies have demonstrated effects of obligatory form-based decomposition for genuinely affixed words (teacher-TEACH) and pseudo-affixed words (corner-CORN), but not for orthographic controls (brothel-BROTH). Additionally, MEG single word reading studies have demonstrated that the transition probability from stem to affix (in genuinely affixed words) modulates an early evoked response known as the M170; parallel findings have been shown for the transition probability from stem to pseudo-affix (in pseudo-affixed words). Here, utilizing the M170 as a neural index of visual form-based morphological decomposition, we ask whether the M170 demonstrates masked morphological priming effects for irregular past tense verbs (following a previous study which obtained behavioral masked priming effects for irregulars). Dual mechanism theories of the English past tense predict a rule-based decomposition for regulars but not for irregulars, while certain single mechanism theories predict rule-based decomposition even for irregulars. MEG data was recorded for 16 subjects performing a visual masked priming lexical decision task. Using a functional region of interest (fROI) defined on the basis of repetition priming and regular morphological priming effects within the left fusiform and inferior temporal regions, we found that activity in this fROI was modulated by the masked priming manipulation for irregular verbs, during the time window of the M170. We also found effects of the scores generated by the learning model of Albright and Hayes (2003) on the degree of priming for irregular verbs. The results favor a single mechanism account of the English past tense, in which even irregulars are decomposed into stems and affixes prior to lexical access, as opposed to a dual mechanism model, in which irregulars are recognized as whole forms.
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-11-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2425477-0
ISSN	1662-5161
ISSN	1662-5161
DOI	10.3389/fnhum.2013.00798
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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