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Article ; Online: Development of a global urban greenness indicator dataset for 1,000+ cities.

Stowell, Jennifer D / Ngo, Catherine / Jimenez, Marcia Pescador / Kinney, Patrick L / James, Peter

2023 Volume 48, Page(s) 109140

Abstract: Global climate change has sparked efforts to adapt to increasing temperatures, especially in urban areas that experience increased day and nighttime temperatures due to the urban heat island effect. The addition of greenspace has been suggested as a ... ...

Abstract	Global climate change has sparked efforts to adapt to increasing temperatures, especially in urban areas that experience increased day and nighttime temperatures due to the urban heat island effect. The addition of greenspace has been suggested as a possible means for urban centers to respond to increasing urban temperatures. Thus, it is important for urban planning and policymakers to have access to data on greenspace specific at a fine spatial resolution. This dataset consists of information on peak and annual average 1 × 1 km Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for over 1,000 global urban centers, which is an objective satellite-based measure of vegetation. Population-weighted values for both peak and annual average NDVI and include an indicator of greenness, with seven levels ranging from extremely low to extremely high are provided. Additional information regarding the climate zone (using the Köppen-Geiger climate classification) and level of development (using the Human Development Index or HDI) for each city is included. Analyses were repeated in 2010, 2015, and 2020 to provide the ability to track urban greenness over time. Data are provided in tabular format with summaries presented in both tables and graphics. These data can be used to inform policy and planning and can be used as an indicator for a variety of climate and health investigations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2786545-9
ISSN	2352-3409 ; 2352-3409
ISSN (online)	2352-3409
ISSN	2352-3409
DOI	10.1016/j.dib.2023.109140
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Health-Damaging Climate Events Highlight the Need for Interdisciplinary, Engaged Research.

Stowell, Jennifer D / Anenberg, Susan / Zaitchik, Benjamin F / Tong, Daniel Q / Horwell, Claire J / Stolle, Dennis P / Colwell, Rita R / McEntee, Christine

GeoHealth

2024 Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) e2024GH001022

Abstract: In 2023 human populations experienced multiple record-breaking climate events, with widespread impacts on human health and well-being. These events include extreme heat domes, drought, severe storms, flooding, and wildfires. Due to inherent lags in the ... ...

Abstract	In 2023 human populations experienced multiple record-breaking climate events, with widespread impacts on human health and well-being. These events include extreme heat domes, drought, severe storms, flooding, and wildfires. Due to inherent lags in the climate system, we can expect such extremes to continue for multiple decades after reaching net zero carbon emissions. Unfortunately, despite these significant current and future impacts, funding for research in climate and health has lagged behind that for other geoscience and biomedical research. While some initial efforts from funding agencies are evident, there is still a significant need to increase the resources available for multidisciplinary research in the face of this issue. As a group of experts at this important intersection, we call for a more concerted effort to encourage interdisciplinary and policy-relevant investigations into the detrimental health effects of continued climate change.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2471-1403
ISSN (online)	2471-1403
DOI	10.1029/2024GH001022
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Article ; Online: Warm season ambient ozone and children's health in the USA.

Stowell, Jennifer D / Sun, Yuantong / Gause, Emma L / Spangler, Keith R / Schwartz, Joel / Bernstein, Aaron / Wellenius, Gregory A / Nori-Sarma, Amruta

International journal of epidemiology

2024 Volume 53, Issue 2

Abstract: Background: Over 120 million people in the USA live in areas with unsafe ozone (O3) levels. Studies among adults have linked exposure to worse lung function and higher risk of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, few studies ...

Abstract	Background: Over 120 million people in the USA live in areas with unsafe ozone (O3) levels. Studies among adults have linked exposure to worse lung function and higher risk of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, few studies have examined the effects of O3 in children, and existing studies are limited in terms of their geographic scope or outcomes considered. Methods: We leveraged a dataset of encounters at 42 US children's hospitals from 2004-2015. We used a one-stage case-crossover design to quantify the association between daily maximum 8-hour O3 in the county in which the hospital is located and risk of emergency department (ED) visits for any cause and for respiratory disorders, asthma, respiratory infections, allergies and ear disorders. Results: Approximately 28 million visits were available during this period. Per 10 ppb increase, warm-season (May through September) O3 levels over the past three days were associated with higher risk of ED visits for all causes (risk ratio [RR]: 0.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2%, 0.4%]), allergies (4.1% [2.5%, 5.7%]), ear disorders (0.8% [0.3%, 1.3%]) and asthma (1.3% [0.8%, 1.9%]). When restricting to levels below the current regulatory standard (70 ppb), O3 was still associated with risk of ED visits for all-cause, allergies, ear disorders and asthma. Stratified analyses suggest that the risk of O3-related all-cause ED visits may be higher in older children. Conclusions: Results from this national study extend prior research on the impacts of daily O3 on children's health and reinforce the presence of important adverse health impacts even at levels below the current regulatory standard in the USA.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Child Health ; Ozone/adverse effects ; Ozone/analysis ; Seasons ; Cross-Over Studies
Chemical Substances	Ozone (66H7ZZK23N)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187909-1
ISSN	1464-3685 ; 0300-5771
ISSN (online)	1464-3685
ISSN	0300-5771
DOI	10.1093/ije/dyae035
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Article ; Online: Impacts of Fine Particulate Matter From Wildfire Smoke on Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health in California.

Heaney, Alexandra / Stowell, Jennifer D / Liu, Jia Coco / Basu, Rupa / Marlier, Miriam / Kinney, Patrick

GeoHealth

2022 Volume 6, Issue 6, Page(s) e2021GH000578

Abstract: Increases in wildfire activity across the Western US pose a significant public health threat. While there is evidence that wildfire smoke is detrimental for respiratory health, the impacts on cardiovascular health remain unclear. This study evaluates the ...

Abstract	Increases in wildfire activity across the Western US pose a significant public health threat. While there is evidence that wildfire smoke is detrimental for respiratory health, the impacts on cardiovascular health remain unclear. This study evaluates the association between fine particulate matter (PM
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2471-1403
ISSN (online)	2471-1403
DOI	10.1029/2021GH000578
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Article ; Online: Warm-season temperatures and emergency department visits among children with health insurance.

Stowell, Jennifer D / Sun, Yuantong / Spangler, Keith R / Milando, Chad W / Bernstein, Aaron / Weinberger, Kate R / Sun, Shengzhi / Wellenius, Gregory A

Environmental research, health : ERH

2022 Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) 15002

Abstract: High ambient temperatures have become more likely due to climate change and are linked to higher rates of heat-related illness, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, mental health disorders, and other diseases. To date, far fewer studies have examined ...

Abstract	High ambient temperatures have become more likely due to climate change and are linked to higher rates of heat-related illness, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, mental health disorders, and other diseases. To date, far fewer studies have examined the effects of high temperatures on children versus adults, and studies including children have seldom been conducted on a national scale. Compared to adults, children have behavioral and physiological differences that may give them differential heat vulnerability. We acquired medical claims data from a large database of commercially insured US children aged 0-17 from May to September (warm-season) 2016-2019. Daily maximum ambient temperature and daily mean relative humidity estimates were aggregated to the county level using the Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes dataset, and extreme heat was defined as the 95th percentile of the county-specific daily maximum temperature distribution. Using a case-crossover design and temperature lags 0-5 days, we estimated the associations between extreme heat and cause-specific emergency department visits (ED) in children aged <18 years, using the median county-specific daily maximum temperature distribution as the reference. Approximately 1.2 million ED visits in children from 2489 US counties were available during the study period. The 95th percentile of warm-season temperatures ranged from 71 °F to 112 °F (21.7 °C to 44.4 °C). Comparing 95th to the 50th percentile, extreme heat was associated with higher rates of ED visits for heat-related illness; endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases; and otitis media and externa, but not for all-cause admissions. Subgroup analyses suggested differences by age, with extreme heat positively associated with heat-related illness for both the 6-12 year (odds ratio [OR]: 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16, 1.56) and 13-17 year age groups (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.76). Among children with health insurance across the US, days of extreme heat were associated with higher rates of healthcare utilization. These results highlight the importance of individual and population-level actions to protect children and adolescents from extreme heat, particularly in the context of continued climate change.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2752-5309
ISSN (online)	2752-5309
DOI	10.1088/2752-5309/ac78fa
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Article ; Online: Shaping the Future of Science: COVID-19 Highlighting the Importance of GeoHealth.

Gorris, Morgan E / Anenberg, Susan C / Goldberg, Daniel L / Kerr, Gaige Hunter / Stowell, Jennifer D / Tong, Daniel / Zaitchik, Benjamin F

GeoHealth

2021 Volume 5, Issue 5, Page(s) e2021GH000412

Abstract: From the heated debates over the airborne transmission of the novel coronavirus to the abrupt Earth system changes caused by the sudden lockdowns, the dire circumstances resulting from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have brought the ... ...

Abstract	From the heated debates over the airborne transmission of the novel coronavirus to the abrupt Earth system changes caused by the sudden lockdowns, the dire circumstances resulting from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have brought the field of GeoHealth to the forefront of visibility in science and policy. The pandemic has inadvertently provided an opportunity to study how human response has impacted the Earth system, how the Earth system may impact the pandemic, and the capacity of GeoHealth to inform real-time policy. The lessons learned throughout our responses to the COVID-19 pandemic are shaping the future of GeoHealth.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2471-1403
ISSN (online)	2471-1403
DOI	10.1029/2021GH000412
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Article ; Online: The impact of climate change and emissions control on future ozone levels: Implications for human health.

Stowell, Jennifer D / Kim, Young-Min / Gao, Yang / Fu, Joshua S / Chang, Howard H / Liu, Yang

Environment international

2017 Volume 108, Page(s) 41–50

Abstract: Overwhelming evidence has shown that, from the Industrial Revolution to the present, human activities influence ground-level ozone ( ... ...

Abstract	Overwhelming evidence has shown that, from the Industrial Revolution to the present, human activities influence ground-level ozone (O
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Climate Change ; Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; Forecasting ; Health Impact Assessment ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Ozone/analysis ; United States ; Vehicle Emissions
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Vehicle Emissions ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	554791-x
ISSN	1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
ISSN (online)	1873-6750
ISSN	0160-4120
DOI	10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.001
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Zs.A 3131: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Associations of wildfire smoke PM

Stowell, Jennifer D / Geng, Guannan / Saikawa, Eri / Chang, Howard H / Fu, Joshua / Yang, Cheng-En / Zhu, Qingzhao / Liu, Yang / Strickland, Matthew J

Environment international

2019 Volume 133, Issue Pt A, Page(s) 105151

Abstract: Background: Substantial increases in wildfire activity have been recorded in recent decades. Wildfires influence the chemical composition and concentration of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM: Objectives: We estimated the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Substantial increases in wildfire activity have been recorded in recent decades. Wildfires influence the chemical composition and concentration of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM Objectives: We estimated the associations between cardiorespiratory acute events and exposure to smoke PM Methods: We obtained emergency department visits and hospitalizations for acute cardiorespiratory outcomes from Colorado for May-August 2011-2014, geocoded to a 4 km geographic grid. Combining ground measurements, chemical transport models, and remote sensing data, we estimated smoke PM Results: Per 1 μg/m Discussion: This is the first multi-year, high-resolution epidemiologic study to incorporate statistical and chemical transport modeling methods to estimate PM
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Air Pollutants/chemistry ; Air Pollutants/toxicity ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Child ; Colorado ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology ; Smoke/adverse effects ; Wildfires
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Smoke
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	554791-x
ISSN	1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
ISSN (online)	1873-6750
ISSN	0160-4120
DOI	10.1016/j.envint.2019.105151
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Article: Associations of wildfire smoke PM2.5 exposure with cardiorespiratory events in Colorado 2011–2014

Stowell, Jennifer D / Chang, Howard H / Fu, Joshua / Geng, Guannan / Liu, Yang / Saikawa, Eri / Strickland, Matthew J / Yang, Cheng-En / Zhu, Qingzhao

Environment international. 2019 Sept. 02,

2019

Abstract: Substantial increases in wildfire activity have been recorded in recent decades. Wildfires influence the chemical composition and concentration of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5). However, relatively few epidemiologic studies ... ...

Abstract	Substantial increases in wildfire activity have been recorded in recent decades. Wildfires influence the chemical composition and concentration of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5). However, relatively few epidemiologic studies focus on the health impacts of wildfire smoke PM2.5 compared with the number of studies focusing on total PM2.5 exposure.We estimated the associations between cardiorespiratory acute events and exposure to smoke PM2.5 in Colorado using a novel exposure model to separate smoke PM2.5 from background ambient PM2.5 levels.We obtained emergency department visits and hospitalizations for acute cardiorespiratory outcomes from Colorado for May–August 2011–2014, geocoded to a 4 km geographic grid. Combining ground measurements, chemical transport models, and remote sensing data, we estimated smoke PM2.5 and non-smoke PM2.5 on a 1 km spatial grid and aggregated to match the resolution of the health data. Time-stratified, case-crossover models were fit using conditional logistic regression to estimate associations between fire smoke PM2.5 and non-smoke PM2.5 for overall and age-stratified outcomes using 2-day averaging windows for cardiovascular disease and 3-day windows for respiratory disease.Per 1 μg/m3 increase in fire smoke PM2.5, statistically significant associations were observed for asthma (OR = 1.081 (1.058, 1.105)) and combined respiratory disease (OR = 1.021 (1.012, 1.031)). No significant relationships were evident for cardiovascular diseases and smoke PM2.5. Associations with non-smoke PM2.5 were null for all outcomes. Positive age-specific associations related to smoke PM2.5 were observed for asthma and combined respiratory disease in children, and for asthma, bronchitis, COPD, and combined respiratory disease in adults. No significant associations were found in older adults.This is the first multi-year, high-resolution epidemiologic study to incorporate statistical and chemical transport modeling methods to estimate PM2.5 exposure due to wildfires. Our results allow for a more precise assessment of the population health impact of wildfire-related PM2.5 exposure in a changing climate.
Keywords	adults ; aerodynamics ; asthma ; bronchitis ; cardiovascular diseases ; chemical composition ; children ; climate change ; epidemiological studies ; exposure models ; particulates ; regression analysis ; smoke ; spatial data ; wildfires ; Colorado
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0902
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	554791-x
ISSN	1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
ISSN (online)	1873-6750
ISSN	0160-4120
DOI	10.1016/j.envint.2019.105151
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The impact of climate change and emissions control on future ozone levels: Implications for human health

Stowell, Jennifer D / Howard H. Chang / Joshua S. Fu / Yang Gao / Yang Liu / Young-min Kim

Environment international. 2017 Nov., v. 108

2017

Abstract: Overwhelming evidence has shown that, from the Industrial Revolution to the present, human activities influence ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations. Past studies demonstrate links between O3 exposure and health. However, knowledge gaps remain in our ... ...

Abstract	Overwhelming evidence has shown that, from the Industrial Revolution to the present, human activities influence ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations. Past studies demonstrate links between O3 exposure and health. However, knowledge gaps remain in our understanding concerning the impacts of climate change mitigation policies on O3 concentrations and health. Using a hybrid downscaling approach, we evaluated the separate impact of climate change and emission control policies on O3 levels and associated excess mortality in the US in the 2050s under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). We show that, by the 2050s, under RCP4.5, increased O3 levels due to combined climate change and emission control policies, could contribute to an increase of approximately 50 premature deaths annually nationwide in the US. The biggest impact, however, is seen under RCP8.5, where rises in O3 concentrations are expected to result in over 2,200 additional premature deaths annually. The largest increases in O3 are seen in RCP8.5 in the Northeast, the Southeast, the Central, and the West regions of the US. Additionally, when O3 increases are examined by climate change and emissions contributions separately, the benefits of emissions mitigation efforts may significantly outweigh the effects of climate change mitigation policies on O3-related mortality.
Keywords	climate change ; emissions ; human health ; humans ; issues and policy ; mortality ; ozone ; United States
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-11
Size	p. 41-50.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	554791-x
ISSN	1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
ISSN (online)	1873-6750
ISSN	0160-4120
DOI	10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.001
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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