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  1. Article ; Online: Greek validation of the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS).

    Chasiotis, Georgios / Stoyanov, Stoyan R / Karatzas, Anastasios / Gravas, Stavros

    The Journal of international medical research

    2023  Volume 51, Issue 3, Page(s) 3000605231161213

    Abstract: Objective: The original user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS) is an English-language questionnaire that was designed to allow non-expert app users to assess the quality of health apps. We aimed to translate into the Greek language ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The original user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS) is an English-language questionnaire that was designed to allow non-expert app users to assess the quality of health apps. We aimed to translate into the Greek language and validate the uMARS.
    Methods: This was a qualitative prospective study. The World Health Organization translation process was followed and a readily available and free-of-charge app was used for the validation process. Internal consistency and reliability were tested twice within one month by 91 Greek medical students.
    Results: The total uMARS score showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86). The internal consistencies of its subscales were also very high (engagement alpha = 0.71; functionality alpha = 0.71; aesthetics alpha = 0.67; information alpha = 0.63), with the notable exception of the satisfaction alpha, which was 0.61. The uMARS total score demonstrated almost perfect agreement levels in most of the subscales according to the r
    Conclusions: The Greek uMARS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the quality of mobile apps.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mobile Applications ; Reproducibility of Results ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Psychometrics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 184023-x
    ISSN 1473-2300 ; 0300-0605 ; 0142-2596
    ISSN (online) 1473-2300
    ISSN 0300-0605 ; 0142-2596
    DOI 10.1177/03000605231161213
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Validation of a Korean version of mobile app rating scale (MARS) for apps targeting disease management.

    Hee Ko, Kimmi Keum / Kim, Sun Kyung / Lee, Youngho / Lee, Joo Yun / Stoyanov, Stoyan R

    Health informatics journal

    2022  Volume 28, Page(s) 14604582221091975

    Abstract: The mobile app rating scale (MARS) is a widely used instrument for evaluating smartphone app quality. We aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of MARS (MARS-K). Two independent raters performed the assessment using the ... ...

    Abstract The mobile app rating scale (MARS) is a widely used instrument for evaluating smartphone app quality. We aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of MARS (MARS-K). Two independent raters performed the assessment using the translated 23-item questionnaire. We applied intraclass correlation coefficient analysis (ICC) to examine inter-rater reliability, Omega, and item-total correlation for internal consistency, and Pearson's r for test-retest reliability and correlation between subscales and the total score of MARS-K. Most items showed moderate to good ICC (0.447-1.000). The MARS-K showed excellent internal consistency and all subscales exceeded the acceptable level of omega. Results indicated MARS-K to be a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating disease management apps offered in the Korean app store. However, upgrades are recommended to further improve MARS-K's rating accuracy and reliability.
    MeSH term(s) Disease Management ; Humans ; Mobile Applications ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2213115-2
    ISSN 1741-2811 ; 1460-4582
    ISSN (online) 1741-2811
    ISSN 1460-4582
    DOI 10.1177/14604582221091975
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Japanese Version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS): Development and Validation.

    Yamamoto, Kazumichi / Ito, Masami / Sakata, Masatsugu / Koizumi, Shiho / Hashisako, Mizuho / Sato, Masaaki / Stoyanov, Stoyan R / Furukawa, Toshi A

    JMIR mHealth and uHealth

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) e33725

    Abstract: Background: The number of mobile health (mHealth) apps continues to rise each year. Widespread use of the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) has allowed objective and multidimensional evaluation of the quality of these apps. However, no Japanese version of ... ...

    Abstract Background: The number of mobile health (mHealth) apps continues to rise each year. Widespread use of the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) has allowed objective and multidimensional evaluation of the quality of these apps. However, no Japanese version of MARS has been made available to date.
    Objective: The purposes of this study were (1) to develop a Japanese version of MARS and (2) to assess the translated version's reliability and validity in evaluating mHealth apps.
    Methods: To develop the Japanese version of MARS, cross-cultural adaptation was used using a universalist approach. A total of 50 mental health apps were evaluated by 2 independent raters. Internal consistency and interrater reliability were then calculated. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed using multitrait scaling analysis and concurrent validity.
    Results: After cross-cultural adaptation, all 23 items from the original MARS were included in the Japanese version. Following translation, back-translation, and review by the author of the original MARS, a Japanese version of MARS was finalized. Internal consistency was acceptable by all subscales of objective and subjective quality (Cronbach α=.78-.89). Interrater reliability was deemed acceptable, with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranging from 0.61 to 0.79 for all subscales, except for "functionality," which had an ICC of 0.40. Convergent/divergent validity and concurrent validity were also considered acceptable. The rate of missing responses was high in several items in the "information" subscale.
    Conclusions: A Japanese version of MARS was developed and shown to be reliable and valid to a degree that was comparable to the original MARS. This Japanese version of MARS can be used as a standard to evaluate the quality and credibility of mHealth apps.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Japan ; Mental Health ; Mobile Applications ; Reproducibility of Results ; Telemedicine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-14
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2719220-9
    ISSN 2291-5222 ; 2291-5222
    ISSN (online) 2291-5222
    ISSN 2291-5222
    DOI 10.2196/33725
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The Persian Version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS-Fa): Translation and Validation Study.

    Barzegari, Saeed / Sharifi Kia, Ali / Bardus, Marco / Stoyanov, Stoyan R / GhaziSaeedi, Marjan / Rafizadeh, Mouna

    JMIR formative research

    2022  Volume 6, Issue 12, Page(s) e42225

    Abstract: Background: Approximately 110 million Farsi speakers worldwide have access to a growing mobile app market. Despite restrictions and international sanctions, Iran's internal mobile health app market is growing, especially for Android-based apps. However, ...

    Abstract Background: Approximately 110 million Farsi speakers worldwide have access to a growing mobile app market. Despite restrictions and international sanctions, Iran's internal mobile health app market is growing, especially for Android-based apps. However, there is a need for guidelines for developing health apps that meet international quality standards. There are also no tools in Farsi that assess health app quality. Developers and researchers who operate in Farsi could benefit from such quality assessment tools to improve their outputs.
    Objective: This study aims to translate and culturally adapt the Mobile Application Rating Scale in Farsi (MARS-Fa). This study also evaluates the validity and reliability of the newly developed MARS-Fa tool.
    Methods: We used a well-established method to translate and back translate the MARS-Fa tool with a group of Iranian and international experts in Health Information Technology and Psychology. The final translated version of the tool was tested on a sample of 92 apps addressing smartphone addiction. Two trained reviewers completed an independent assessment of each app in Farsi and English. We reported reliability and construct validity estimates for the objective scales (engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information quality). Reliability was based on the evaluation of intraclass correlation coefficients, Cronbach α and Spearman-Brown split-half reliability indicators (for internal consistency), as well as Pearson correlations for test-retest reliability. Construct validity included convergent and discriminant validity (through item-total correlations within the objective scales) and concurrent validity using Pearson correlations between the objective and subjective scores.
    Results: After completing the translation and cultural adaptation, the MARS-Fa tool was used to assess the selected apps for smartphone addiction. The MARS-Fa total scale showed good interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.83, 95% CI 0.74-0.89) and good internal consistency (Cronbach α=.84); Spearman-Brown split-half reliability for both raters was 0.79 to 0.93. The instrument showed excellent test-retest reliability (r=0.94). The correlations among the MARS-Fa subdomains and the total score were all significant and above r=0.40, suggesting good convergent and discriminant validity. The MARS-Fa was positively and significantly correlated with subjective quality (r=0.90, P<.001), and so were the objective subdomains of engagement (r=0.85, P<.001), information quality (r=0.80, P<.001), aesthetics (r=0.79, P<.001), and functionality (r=0.57, P<.001), indicating concurrent validity.
    Conclusions: The MARS-Fa is a reliable and valid instrument to assess mobile health apps. This instrument could be adopted by Farsi-speaking researchers and developers who want to evaluate the quality of mobile apps. While we tested the tool with a sample of apps addressing smartphone addiction, the MARS-Fa could assess other domains or issues since the Mobile App Rating Scale has been used to rate apps in different contexts and languages.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-05
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2561-326X
    ISSN (online) 2561-326X
    DOI 10.2196/42225
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Development of the Niggle App for Supporting Young People on Their Dynamic Journey to Well-being: Co-design and Qualitative Research Study.

    Stoyanov, Stoyan R / Zelenko, Oksana / Staneva, Aleksandra / Kavanagh, David J / Smith, Calvin / Sade, Gavin / Cheers, Jessica / Hides, Leanne

    JMIR mHealth and uHealth

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) e21085

    Abstract: Background: Adolescence is a life stage characterized by intense development and increased vulnerability. Yet, young people rarely seek help for mental health, often due to stigma and embarrassment. Alarmingly, even those who do seek help may not be ... ...

    Abstract Background: Adolescence is a life stage characterized by intense development and increased vulnerability. Yet, young people rarely seek help for mental health, often due to stigma and embarrassment. Alarmingly, even those who do seek help may not be able to receive it. Interventions focused on well-being offer a protective factor against adversity. Highly effective, innovative, theoretically sound, accessible, and engaging mobile health (mHealth) interventions that can be used to look beyond mental ill-health and toward mental well-being are urgently needed.
    Objective: We aimed to explore how young Australians conceptualize and construct recovery journeys from feeling unwell to being well in order to inform the conceptual design of a youth-led information-, resource-, and support-focused mHealth intervention.
    Methods: A sample of young people, grouped by age (12-15 years, 16-19 years, and 20-25 years), took part in 3 in-person participatory design workshops (per group). Young people's understanding and representation of well-being, feeling unwell, and the recovery journey were investigated using visual and linguistic data collection methods: photo elicitation and journey mapping. A social constructionist perspective was used for thematic analysis to produce a conceptual model of the recovery journey. A mobile app was co-designed and all app functions were mapped through iterative development and testing by young people and a team of psychology, research, design and information technology experts.
    Results: Young people (n=25) described a 6-stage journey with specific barriers and coping strategies. The findings, when situated within the personal recovery framework in mental health, emphasize the cyclic and iterative model of change. Through co-design, the new app-Niggle-was conceptualized as a visual representation of an amorphous problem, which can be addressed through app functions corresponding to the most helpful strategies that young people used to progress through the stages of their recovery journey.
    Conclusions: Niggle is available to offer support to young people for a range of problems and provides a hot link to counseling services in Australia. This paper elaborates on the process of in-depth qualitative data collection through visual, linguistic, and co-design methods. The findings of this study give insight into young people's understanding of well-being and recovery. This paper could aid the development of high-quality personalized mHealth interventions and support resources.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Australia ; Child ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Mobile Applications ; Qualitative Research ; Telemedicine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-20
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2719220-9
    ISSN 2291-5222 ; 2291-5222
    ISSN (online) 2291-5222
    ISSN 2291-5222
    DOI 10.2196/21085
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Development and validation of the Japanese version of the uMARS (user version of the mobile app rating system).

    Shinohara, Yoshikazu / Yamamoto, Kazumichi / Ito, Masami / Sakata, Masatsugu / Koizumi, Shiho / Hashisako, Mizuho / Sato, Masaaki / Wannous, Muhammad / Stoyanov, Stoyan R / Nakajima, Jun / Furukawa, Toshiaki A

    International journal of medical informatics

    2022  Volume 165, Page(s) 104809

    Abstract: Background: Although the global market of Mobile Health Apps (mHealth apps) continues to grow dramatically, most mHealth apps still not only lack evidence base but have even not been evaluated for the basic usability or functionality. The User Version ... ...

    Abstract Background: Although the global market of Mobile Health Apps (mHealth apps) continues to grow dramatically, most mHealth apps still not only lack evidence base but have even not been evaluated for the basic usability or functionality. The User Version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (uMARS) was developed to allow end users to assess mHealth apps objectively and subjectively. However, there is no Japanese version of uMARS to date.
    Objective: The purpose of this study is (1) to develop a validated Japanese version of uMARS and (2) to assess the translated version's reliability and validity in evaluating mHealth apps.
    Methods: The original uMARS was adapted for Japanese use by four specialists using universalist cross-cultural methods. Translation/back-translation was reviewed by the author of the original version of uMARS, and confirmed. Its reliability and validity were further evaluated as part of a prospective cohort study of postoperative patients using a new mHealth app.
    Results: Conceptual equivalence was analyzed and all items in all subcategories of the original uMARS were included in the Japanese version. Internal consistency was deemed acceptable for all subscales of objective and subjective quality with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.75-0.85. Test-retest reliability of all subscales was also acceptable with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of 0.57-0.88. Convergent/divergent validity and concurrent validity were also considered acceptable.
    Conclusion: A Japanese version of uMARS was cross-culturally validated and found to be as reliable as the original uMARS. This Japanese version of uMARS is expected to become a standard tool in assessing the quality of mHealth apps in Japan.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mobile Applications ; Prospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Telemedicine ; Translations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-13
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1466296-6
    ISSN 1872-8243 ; 1386-5056
    ISSN (online) 1872-8243
    ISSN 1386-5056
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.104809
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The Arabic Version of the Mobile App Rating Scale: Development and Validation Study.

    Bardus, Marco / Awada, Nathalie / Ghandour, Lilian A / Fares, Elie-Jacques / Gherbal, Tarek / Al-Zanati, Tasnim / Stoyanov, Stoyan R

    JMIR mHealth and uHealth

    2020  Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) e16956

    Abstract: Background: With thousands of health apps in app stores globally, it is crucial to systemically and thoroughly evaluate the quality of these apps due to their potential influence on health decisions and outcomes. The Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) is ... ...

    Abstract Background: With thousands of health apps in app stores globally, it is crucial to systemically and thoroughly evaluate the quality of these apps due to their potential influence on health decisions and outcomes. The Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) is the only currently available tool that provides a comprehensive, multidimensional evaluation of app quality, which has been used to compare medical apps from American and European app stores in various areas, available in English, Italian, Spanish, and German. However, this tool is not available in Arabic.
    Objective: This study aimed to translate and adapt MARS to Arabic and validate the tool with a sample of health apps aimed at managing or preventing obesity and associated disorders.
    Methods: We followed a well-established and defined "universalist" process of cross-cultural adaptation using a mixed methods approach. Early translations of the tool, accompanied by confirmation of the contents by two rounds of separate discussions, were included and culminated in a final version, which was then back-translated into English. Two trained researchers piloted the MARS in Arabic (MARS-Ar) with a sample of 10 weight management apps obtained from Google Play and the App Store. Interrater reliability was established using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). After reliability was ascertained, the two researchers independently evaluated a set of additional 56 apps.
    Results: MARS-Ar was highly aligned with the original English version. The ICCs for MARS-Ar (0.836, 95% CI 0.817-0.853) and MARS English (0.838, 95% CI 0.819-0.855) were good. The MARS-Ar subscales were highly correlated with the original counterparts (P<.001). The lowest correlation was observed in the area of usability (r=0.685), followed by aesthetics (r=0.827), information quality (r=0.854), engagement (r=0.894), and total app quality (r=0.897). Subjective quality was also highly correlated (r=0.820).
    Conclusions: MARS-Ar is a valid instrument to assess app quality among trained Arabic-speaking users of health and fitness apps. Researchers and public health professionals in the Arab world can use the overall MARS score and its subscales to reliably evaluate the quality of weight management apps. Further research is necessary to test the MARS-Ar on apps addressing various health issues, such as attention or anxiety prevention, or sexual and reproductive health.
    MeSH term(s) Anxiety ; Exercise ; Humans ; Italy ; Mobile Applications ; Reproducibility of Results
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-03
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2719220-9
    ISSN 2291-5222 ; 2291-5222
    ISSN (online) 2291-5222
    ISSN 2291-5222
    DOI 10.2196/16956
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: A Web-Based Program for Cannabis Use and Psychotic Experiences in Young People (Keep It Real): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

    Hides, Leanne / Baker, Amanda / Norberg, Melissa / Copeland, Jan / Quinn, Catherine / Walter, Zoe / Leung, Janni / Stoyanov, Stoyan R / Kavanagh, David

    JMIR research protocols

    2020  Volume 9, Issue 7, Page(s) e15803

    Abstract: Background: Young Australians (16-25 years) have the highest rates of past-month cannabis use in the world. Cannabis use increases the risk of alcohol and other drug disorders and depressive disorders, and has a robust dose-response association with ... ...

    Abstract Background: Young Australians (16-25 years) have the highest rates of past-month cannabis use in the world. Cannabis use increases the risk of alcohol and other drug disorders and depressive disorders, and has a robust dose-response association with psychotic experiences (PEs) and disorders. PEs are subthreshold positive psychotic symptoms, including delusions and hallucinations, which increase the risk of substance use, depressive or anxiety disorders, and psychotic disorders. Access to effective web-based early interventions targeting both cannabis use and PEs could reduce such risk in young people.
    Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the Keep it Real web-based program compared to an information-only control website among young cannabis users (16-25 years) with PEs.
    Methods: Participants are recruited online, and consenting individuals meeting inclusion criteria (aged 16-25 years, who have used cannabis in the past month and experienced PEs in the past 3 months) are automatically randomized to either the Keep it Real web-based program (n=249) or an information-only control website (n=249). Both websites are self-guided (fully automated). The baseline and follow-up assessments at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months are self-completed online. Primary outcome measures are weekly cannabis use, PEs, and the relative cost-effectiveness for quality-adjusted life years. Secondary outcomes include other substance use and related problems, PE-related distress, cannabis intoxication experiences, severity of cannabis dependence, depression/anxiety symptoms, suicidality, and mental well-being and functioning.
    Results: Recruitment commenced in February 2019, and the results are expected to be submitted for publication in mid-2021.
    Conclusions: This study protocol describes a large randomized controlled trial of a new web-based program for young cannabis users experiencing PEs. If effective, the accessibility and scalability of Keep it Real could help reduce growing public health concerns about the significant social, economic, and health impacts of cannabis use.
    Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001107213; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=374800.
    International registered report identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/15803.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-29
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2719222-2
    ISSN 1929-0748
    ISSN 1929-0748
    DOI 10.2196/15803
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: The Quality and Accuracy of Mobile Apps to Prevent Driving After Drinking Alcohol.

    Wilson, Hollie / Stoyanov, Stoyan R / Gandabhai, Shailen / Baldwin, Alexander

    JMIR mHealth and uHealth

    2016  Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) e98

    Abstract: Background: Driving after the consumption of alcohol represents a significant problem globally. Individual prevention countermeasures such as personalized mobile app aimed at preventing such behavior are widespread, but there is little research on their ...

    Abstract Background: Driving after the consumption of alcohol represents a significant problem globally. Individual prevention countermeasures such as personalized mobile app aimed at preventing such behavior are widespread, but there is little research on their accuracy and evidence base. There has been no known assessment investigating the quality of such apps.
    Objective: This study aimed to determine the quality and accuracy of apps for drink driving prevention by conducting a review and evaluation of relevant mobile apps.
    Methods: A systematic app search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. App quality was assessed using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). Apps providing blood alcohol calculators (hereafter "calculators") were reviewed against current alcohol advice for accuracy.
    Results: A total of 58 apps (30 iOS and 28 Android) met inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Drink driving prevention apps had significantly lower engagement and overall quality scores than alcohol management apps. Most calculators provided conservative blood alcohol content (BAC) time until sober calculations. None of the apps had been evaluated to determine their efficacy in changing either drinking or driving behaviors.
    Conclusions: This novel study demonstrates that most drink driving prevention apps are not engaging and lack accuracy. They could be improved by increasing engagement features, such as gamification. Further research should examine the context and motivations for using apps to prevent driving after drinking in at-risk populations. Development of drink driving prevention apps should incorporate evidence-based information and guidance, lacking in current apps.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-08-08
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2719220-9
    ISSN 2291-5222
    ISSN 2291-5222
    DOI 10.2196/mhealth.5961
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Development and Validation of the User Version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS).

    Stoyanov, Stoyan R / Hides, Leanne / Kavanagh, David J / Wilson, Hollie

    JMIR mHealth and uHealth

    2016  Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) e72

    Abstract: Background: The Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) provides a reliable method to assess the quality of mobile health (mHealth) apps. However, training and expertise in mHealth and the relevant health field is required to administer it.: Objective!# ...

    Abstract Background: The Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) provides a reliable method to assess the quality of mobile health (mHealth) apps. However, training and expertise in mHealth and the relevant health field is required to administer it.
    Objective: This study describes the development and reliability testing of an end-user version of the MARS (uMARS).
    Methods: The MARS was simplified and piloted with 13 young people to create the uMARS. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the uMARS was then examined in a second sample of 164 young people participating in a randomized controlled trial of a mHealth app. App ratings were collected using the uMARS at 1-, 3,- and 6-month follow up.
    Results: The uMARS had excellent internal consistency (alpha = .90), with high individual alphas for all subscales. The total score and subscales had good test-retest reliability over both 1-2 months and 3 months.
    Conclusions: The uMARS is a simple tool that can be reliably used by end-users to assess the quality of mHealth apps.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06-10
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2719220-9
    ISSN 2291-5222
    ISSN 2291-5222
    DOI 10.2196/mhealth.5849
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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