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Article ; Online: Revisiting the opioid and naloxone education (ONE) program: Program evaluation using the RE-AIM model four years later.

Strand, Mark A / Frenzel, Oliver

Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP

2024

Abstract: Objective: The Opioid and Naloxone Education (ONE) Program focuses on community pharmacy-based patient screening and interventions to improve population health with regard to opioid use. The purpose of this paper is to reevaluate the ONE Program ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The Opioid and Naloxone Education (ONE) Program focuses on community pharmacy-based patient screening and interventions to improve population health with regard to opioid use. The purpose of this paper is to reevaluate the ONE Program performance using the RE-AIM model, in comparison to the review performed in 2019. Methods: The program performance of the ONE Program was evaluated from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022 was evaluated using the five domains of the RE-AIM model. Reach was defined as the proportion of patients receiving opioid prescriptions who completed the screening. Efficacy was defined as the proportion of individuals identified as at risk who received a pharmacist intervention. Adoption was defined as the proportion of community pharmacies who enrolled in the ONE Program. Implementation was defined as the proportion of pharmacies that enrolled that provided at least five patient screenings. Maintenance was defined as the proportion of pharmacies that completed at least one screening three months. These results were compared against evaluation of the program from October 12, 2018 to June 1, 2019. Results: Approximately 7.28 % of patients receiving opioid prescriptions were screened for risk of opioid misuse and accidental overdose (Reach). Of the patients screened, 97.4 % of patients at risk for opioid misuse or accidental overdose received a pharmacist-led intervention (Efficacy). Additionally, 49.6 % of the pharmacist that enrolled in the ONE Program completed at least five screenings (79 %) and of those, 86.4 % maintained the program three months later. Conclusions: In years four and five of implementation, the ONE Program demonstrated improvement in four of the five domains of the RE-AIM model compared to years one and two. However, Reach declined over time. This reevaluation has demonstrated the importance of longitudinal program assessment, and the possibility of improved program performance over time.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2192059-X
ISSN	1934-8150 ; 1551-7411
ISSN (online)	1934-8150
ISSN	1551-7411
DOI	10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.04.005
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Article ; Online: A call to develop opioid risk assessment programs for implementation in the pharmacy setting.

Hodges, Alyssa / Skarphol, Anna / Strand, Mark A

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA

2023 Volume 64, Issue 2, Page(s) 350–354

Abstract: The United States persists in combatting the opioid epidemic. Collectively, researchers should be in search of evidence-based solutions. One such could be an appropriate screening tool to determine a patient's risk of opioid misuse. The screening tool ... ...

Abstract	The United States persists in combatting the opioid epidemic. Collectively, researchers should be in search of evidence-based solutions. One such could be an appropriate screening tool to determine a patient's risk of opioid misuse. The screening tool should be transparent, provide high specificity, be validated across a variety of healthcare settings, and be a guided clinical decision-making tool to avoid weaponizing an opioid risk score. We should shift our focus from the number of opioid prescriptions dispensed to appropriateness of each prescription. We should be aware of utilizing non-opioid therapy options. In addition, healthcare providers should be knowledgeable of opioid misuse resources in their area to avoid practicing defensively, while instead concentrating their efforts on patients' best interests. The patients' dignity should be upheld through empathetic care from healthcare providers. We need to reduce the stigma surrounding opioid use, and ensure patient safety with one, cohesive, validated, opioid risk assessment tool.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects ; Prescription Drug Misuse/prevention & control ; Opioid-Related Disorders/prevention & control ; Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; Risk Assessment ; Pharmacy
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2118585-2
ISSN	1544-3450 ; 1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
ISSN (online)	1544-3450
ISSN	1544-3191 ; 1086-5802
DOI	10.1016/j.japh.2023.10.018
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Article ; Online: A Primary Prevention Approach to the Opioid Epidemic.

Strand, Mark A / Eukel, Heidi

American journal of public health

2019 Volume 109, Issue 6, Page(s) 861–863

MeSH term(s)	Drug Overdose/epidemiology ; Humans ; Opioid Epidemic ; Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Primary Prevention
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	121100-6
ISSN	1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
ISSN	0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
DOI	10.2105/AJPH.2019.305060
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Article ; Online: Presuppositions Underlying Health Awareness Days.

Strand, Mark A

American journal of public health

2015 Volume 105, Issue 9, Page(s) e2

MeSH term(s)	Awareness ; Health Education ; Health Promotion/organization & administration ; Humans ; Public Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Letter
ZDB-ID	121100-6
ISSN	1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
ISSN	0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
DOI	10.2105/AJPH.2015.302802
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Article ; Online: Qualitative Analysis of a Roundtable Exercise "Reflecting on the COVID-19 Experience of Public Health Professionals".

Strand, Mark A / Sidhu, Savita / Hohman, Adam / Jansen, Rick / McDonough, Stephen

Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP

2023 Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) E128–E136

Abstract: Context: Public health professionals around the country faced significant challenges responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Reflecting on their experience is an essential element in making sense of their experience and learning from it.: Objective: The ...

Abstract	Context: Public health professionals around the country faced significant challenges responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Reflecting on their experience is an essential element in making sense of their experience and learning from it. Objective: The objective of this qualitative study was to (1) describe the lived experiences of public health professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) discuss the effectiveness of a guided reflection exercise to help public health professionals process these experiences, and (3) provide lessons learned and best practices to inform preparation for a future infectious disease pandemic. Design: Qualitative focus group study design. Setting: This activity was conducted at a Midwestern state public health professional meeting. Participants: Forty-eight public health professionals self-selected to participate in this study. Results: Five themes were elicited in this analysis, including Communication, Leadership and Collaboration, Data Management, Community Relationships, and Resources and Planning. In addition, public health professionals reported numerous lessons learned, including the need for more leadership from the state government, the conflicted response of their communities, and the benefits of community solidarity where it was present. Conclusions: This article provides a detailed account of public health workers' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also provides lessons learned that will help public health workers lead more effectively in the future. Guided reflection on a traumatic professional experience can assist participating individuals in making sense of their experience and learning important lessons from it.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Public Health ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Health Personnel ; Qualitative Research
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2027860-3
ISSN	1550-5022 ; 1078-4659
ISSN (online)	1550-5022
ISSN	1078-4659
DOI	10.1097/PHH.0000000000001703
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Article ; Online: Managing the Risk of COVID-19 Using Model Based Predictors: The Case of North Dakota.

Sidhu, Savita K / Hohman, Adam / Strand, Mark A / Shyllon, Omobosinuola / Jansen, Rick / McDonough, Stephen

Disaster medicine and public health preparedness

2023 Volume 17, Page(s) e481

Abstract: Objective: North Dakota (ND) had the highest coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case and mortality rate in the United States for nearly 2 mo. This study aims to compare 3 metrics ND used to guide public health action across its 53 counties.: Methods!# ...

Abstract	Objective: North Dakota (ND) had the highest coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case and mortality rate in the United States for nearly 2 mo. This study aims to compare 3 metrics ND used to guide public health action across its 53 counties. Methods: Daily COVID-19 case and death totals in North Dakota were evaluated using data from the COVID-tracker website provided by the North Department of Health (NDDoH). It was reported as: active cases per 10,000, tests administered per 10,000, and test positivity rate (the North Dakota health metric). The COVID-19 Response press conferences provided data for the Governor's metric. The Harvard model used daily new cases per 100,000. A chi-squared test was used to compare differences in these 3 metrics on July 1, August 26, September 23, and November 13, 2020. Results: On July 1, no significant difference between the metrics was found. By September 23, Harvard's health metric indicated critical risk while ND's health metric was moderate risk, and the Governor's metric was still low risk. Conclusions: ND's and the Governor's metric underrepresented the risk of the COVID-19 outbreak in North Dakota. The Harvard metric reflected North Dakota's increasing risk; it should be considered as a national standard in future pandemics. Public health implications: Model-based predictors could guide policy-makers to effectively control spread of infectious disease; proactive models could reduce risk of disease as it progresses in vulnerable communities.
MeSH term(s)	United States ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; North Dakota/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Public Health ; Pandemics/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2375268-3
ISSN	1938-744X ; 1935-7893
ISSN (online)	1938-744X
ISSN	1935-7893
DOI	10.1017/dmp.2023.95
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Article ; Online: Nurse delivered medication safety screening program for home care visits.

Eukel, Heidi N / Steig, Jayme / Hodges, Alyssa / O'Gary, Brianna / Strand, Mark A

Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.)

2023 Volume 40, Issue 3, Page(s) 410–416

Abstract: Home care clients have safety barriers related to medication storage, disposal, and safe use of opioids. Limited research is available regarding medication safety initiatives in the home care setting. This study evaluates a medication safety initiative, ... ...

Abstract	Home care clients have safety barriers related to medication storage, disposal, and safe use of opioids. Limited research is available regarding medication safety initiatives in the home care setting. This study evaluates a medication safety initiative, linked with opioid misuse and overdose prevention screening, for home care clients with different levels of service. Training and screening tools designed for community pharmacies by the Opioid & Naloxone Education (ONE) Program were modified for use by home health nurses. All new admits to the home health services were screened for medication storage, medication disposal, and use of pain medications. Patients taking opioids were screened for opioid-specific risks. Interventions based on screening results included education, provision of medication lock boxes, drug disposal packets, and/or naloxone. Most home care clients (85%) are properly storing their medication and 38% were not properly disposing unused medications. Higher levels of care had greater pain medication needs, including the provision of naloxone. This study demonstrates the opportunity to incorporate medication safety screening into nursing home health visits.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects ; Naloxone/adverse effects ; Opioid-Related Disorders/prevention & control ; Home Care Services ; Pain ; Drug Overdose/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; Naloxone (36B82AMQ7N)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632563-4
ISSN	1525-1446 ; 0737-1209
ISSN (online)	1525-1446
ISSN	0737-1209
DOI	10.1111/phn.13178
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Article ; Online: Road dust and its effect on human health: a literature review.

Khan, Raihan K / Strand, Mark A

Epidemiology and health

2018 Volume 40, Page(s) e2018013

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of road dust on human health. A PubMed search was used to extract references that included the words "road dust" and "health" or "fugitive dust" and "health" in the title or abstract. A total of 46 ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of road dust on human health. A PubMed search was used to extract references that included the words "road dust" and "health" or "fugitive dust" and "health" in the title or abstract. A total of 46 references were extracted and selected for review after the primary screening of 949 articles. The respiratory system was found to be the most affected system in the human body. Lead, platinum-group elements (platinum, rhodium, and bohrium), aluminum, zinc, vanadium, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were the components of road dust that were most frequently referenced in the articles reviewed. Road dust was found to have harmful effects on the human body, especially on the respiratory system. To determine the complex mechanism of action of various components of road dust on the human body and the results thereof, the authors recommend a further meta-analysis and extensive risk-assessment research into the health impacts of dust exposure.
MeSH term(s)	Dust ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; Transportation
Chemical Substances	Dust
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-10
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2590698-7
ISSN	2092-7193 ; 2092-7193
ISSN (online)	2092-7193
ISSN	2092-7193
DOI	10.4178/epih.e2018013
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Article ; Online: Screening at a Federally Qualified Health Center in the Midwest for Hepatitis C Among People Who Inject Drugs, 2019-2020.

Perkins, Melissa / Slevin, Amber / Strand, Mark A / Freisner, Daniel

Preventing chronic disease

2021 Volume 18, Page(s) E69

Abstract: Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a public health epidemic. People who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk for transmitting and contracting HCV. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention ...

Abstract	Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a public health epidemic. People who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk for transmitting and contracting HCV. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention at a federally qualified health center in the US Midwest to improve HCV screening rates among PWID. Methods: A prospective quality improvement initiative was conducted to increase the proportion of PWID screened for HCV. Inclusion criteria consisted of being seen by a primary care provider from April 16, 2019, through February 28, 2020, being aged 18 years or older, and confirmation of intravenous drug use. PWID status was confirmed by reviewing electronic health records. The multifaceted intervention consisted of educational sessions for the health care team and workflow changes. We analyzed the proportion of patients screened preintervention and postintervention by using χ Results: Of 742 patients who met the inclusion criteria, the proportion of PWID screened preintervention was 59.6% (n = 329) and the proportion of PWID screened postintervention was 65.1% (n = 283), increasing the screening rate by 5.5 percentage points. A χ Conclusion: This multifaceted intervention to increase HCV screening resulted in a modest increase in the proportion of PWID screened. Consistent and health care system-wide screening approaches are needed to optimize the potential of HCV treatment and cure options now available.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Hepacivirus/isolation & purification ; Hepatitis C/diagnosis ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Hepatitis C/prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening/standards ; Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data ; North Dakota/epidemiology ; Program Evaluation ; Prospective Studies ; Quality Improvement ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2135684-1
ISSN	1545-1151 ; 1545-1151
ISSN (online)	1545-1151
ISSN	1545-1151
DOI	10.5888/pcd18.200604
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Article ; Online: Evaluating the Association of Face Covering Mandates on COVID-19 Severity by State.

Strand, Mark A / Shyllon, Omobosinuola / Hohman, Adam / Jansen, Rick J / Sidhu, Savita / McDonough, Stephen

Journal of primary care & community health

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 21501319221086720

Abstract: Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, mitigation measures were implemented on a state-by-state basis. Governors were responsible for establishing interventions appropriate for their states and the timing of implementation. This ... ...

Abstract	Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, mitigation measures were implemented on a state-by-state basis. Governors were responsible for establishing interventions appropriate for their states and the timing of implementation. This paper evaluated the association between the presence and timing of a mask mandate and the severity of the COVID-19 epidemic by state. Methods: The states were divided into 3 categories based on when the governors of each state implemented a mask mandate: Early (mask mandate implemented between March 2020 and June 2020), Late (July 2020-December 2020), and Never (no mask mandate implemented). The rates of hospitalizations and mortality (per 100 000) were assessed at the different time points during the pandemic across these categories from March to December 2020. Results: The mortality rates across all 3 groups were observed to be highest in the beginning and toward the end of the pandemic in 2020 with the peak observed in the Early group between April and May 2020. Also, the rates of hospitalization increased steadily across all groups. The Early mask group was comprised of 86.7% and 13.3% states with Democratic and Republican governors respectively, and no states in the Never category had Democratic governors. Conclusion: These results support the benefit of implementing a mask mandate to minimize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of political affiliation of governors on that impact.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Pandemics ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2550221-9
ISSN	2150-1327 ; 2150-1319
ISSN (online)	2150-1327
ISSN	2150-1319
DOI	10.1177/21501319221086720
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