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Article ; Online: The neuronal innervation pattern of the subgenual organ complex in Peruphasma schultei (Insecta: Phasmatodea).

Strauß, Johannes

2023 Volume 74, Page(s) 101277

Abstract: The proximal tibia of orthopteroid insects contains sensory organs, the subgenual organ complex, detecting mechanical stimuli including substrate vibration. In stick insects, two chordotonal organs occur in close proximity, the subgenual organ and the ... ...

Abstract	The proximal tibia of orthopteroid insects contains sensory organs, the subgenual organ complex, detecting mechanical stimuli including substrate vibration. In stick insects, two chordotonal organs occur in close proximity, the subgenual organ and the distal organ, which likely detect substrate vibrations. In most stick insects, both organs are innervated by separate nerve branches. To obtain more data on the neuroanatomy of the subgenual organ complex from the New World phasmids (Occidophasmata), the present study documents the neuronal innervation of sensory organs in the subgenual organ complex of Peruphasma schultei, the first species from Pseudophasmatinae investigated for this sensory complex. The innervation pattern shows a distinct nerve branch for the subgenual organ and for the distal organ in most cases. Some variability in the innervation, which generally occurs for these chordotonal organs, was noted for both organs in P. schultei. The most common innervation for both organs was by a single nerve branch for each organ. The innervation of the subgenual organ resembled the nerve pattern of another New World phasmid, but was simpler than in the Old World phasmids (Oriophasmata) studied so far. Therefore, the peripheral neuronal innervation of sensory organs could reflect phylogenetic relationships and provide phylogenetic information, while the overall neuroanatomy of the subgenual organ complex is similar in stick insects.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Phylogeny ; Insecta/anatomy & histology ; Neoptera
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001498-3
ISSN	1873-5495 ; 1467-8039
ISSN (online)	1873-5495
ISSN	1467-8039
DOI	10.1016/j.asd.2023.101277
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Article ; Online: Comparative Neuroanatomy of the Mechanosensory Subgenual Organ Complex in the Peruvian Stick Insect, Oreophoetes peruana.

Strauß, Johannes

Brain, behavior and evolution

2022 Volume 98, Issue 1, Page(s) 22–31

Abstract: The subgenual organ complex in the leg of Polyneoptera (Insecta) consists of several chordotonal organs specialized to detect mechanical stimuli from substrate vibrations and airborne sound. In stick insects (Phasmatodea), the subgenual organ complex ... ...

Abstract	The subgenual organ complex in the leg of Polyneoptera (Insecta) consists of several chordotonal organs specialized to detect mechanical stimuli from substrate vibrations and airborne sound. In stick insects (Phasmatodea), the subgenual organ complex contains the subgenual organ and the distal organ located distally to the subgenual organ. The subgenual organ is a highly sensitive detector for substrate vibrations. The distal organ has a characteristic linear organization of sensilla and likely also responds to substrate vibrations. Despite its unique combination of sensory organs, the neuroanatomy of the subgenual organ complex of stick insects has been investigated for only very few species so far. Phylogenomic analysis has established for Phasmatodea the early branching of the sister groups Oriophasmata, the Old World phasmids, and Occidophasmata, the New World phasmids. The species studied for the sensory neuroanatomy, including the Indian stick insect Carausius morosus, belong to the Old World stick insects. Here, the neuroanatomy of the subgenual organ complex is presented for a first species of the New World stick insects, the Peruvian stick insect Oreophoetes peruana. To document the sensory organs in the subgenual organ complex and their innervation pattern, and to compare these between females and males of this species and also to the Old World stick insects, axonal tracing is used. This study documents the same sensory organs for O. peruana, subgenual organ and distal organ, as in other stick insects. Between the sexes of this species, there are no notable differences in the neuroanatomy of their sensory organs. The innervation pattern of tibial nerve branches in O. peruana is identical to other stick insect species, although the innervation pattern of the subgenual organ by a single tibial nerve branch is simpler. The shared organization of the organs in the subgenual organ complex in both groups of Neophasmatodea (Old World and New World stick insects) indicates the sensory importance of the subgenual organ but also of the distal organ. Some variation exists in the innervation of the chordotonal organs in O. peruana though a common innervation pattern can be identified. The findings raise the question for the ancestral neuroanatomical organization and innervation in stick insects.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Male ; Animals ; Neuroanatomy ; Peru ; Insecta/anatomy & histology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1199-x
ISSN	1421-9743 ; 0006-8977
ISSN (online)	1421-9743
ISSN	0006-8977
DOI	10.1159/000525323
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Article ; Online: The neuronal innervation pattern of the subgenual organ complex in Peruphasma schultei (Insecta: Phasmatodea)

Strauß, Johannes

Arthropod Structure and Development. 2023 May, v. 74 p.101277-

2023

Abstract	The proximal tibia of orthopteroid insects contains sensory organs, the subgenual organ complex, detecting mechanical stimuli including substrate vibration. In stick insects, two chordotonal organs occur in close proximity, the subgenual organ and the distal organ, which likely detect substrate vibrations. In most stick insects, both organs are innervated by separate nerve branches. To obtain more data on the neuroanatomy of the subgenual organ complex from the New World phasmids (Occidophasmata), the present study documents the neuronal innervation of sensory organs in the subgenual organ complex of Peruphasma schultei, the first species from Pseudophasmatinae investigated for this sensory complex. The innervation pattern shows a distinct nerve branch for the subgenual organ and for the distal organ in most cases. Some variability in the innervation, which generally occurs for these chordotonal organs, was noted for both organs in P. schultei. The most common innervation for both organs was by a single nerve branch for each organ. The innervation of the subgenual organ resembled the nerve pattern of another New World phasmid, but was simpler than in the Old World phasmids (Oriophasmata) studied so far. Therefore, the peripheral neuronal innervation of sensory organs could reflect phylogenetic relationships and provide phylogenetic information, while the overall neuroanatomy of the subgenual organ complex is similar in stick insects.
Keywords	Phasmida ; arthropods ; innervation ; nerve tissue ; neurons ; phylogeny ; tibia ; vibration ; Neuroanatomy ; Axonal tracing ; Sensory evolution ; Chordotonal organ
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-05
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2001498-3
ISSN	1873-5495 ; 1467-8039
ISSN (online)	1873-5495
ISSN	1467-8039
DOI	10.1016/j.asd.2023.101277
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Article ; Online: The tracheal system in the stick insect prothorax and prothoracic legs: Homologies to Orthoptera and relations to mechanosensory functions.

Strauß, Johannes

Arthropod structure & development

2021 Volume 63, Page(s) 101074

Abstract: Arthropod respiration depends on the tracheal system running from spiracles at the body surface through the body and appendages. Here, three species of stick insects (Carausius morosus, Ramulus artemis, Sipyloidea sipylus) are investigated for the ... ...

Abstract	Arthropod respiration depends on the tracheal system running from spiracles at the body surface through the body and appendages. Here, three species of stick insects (Carausius morosus, Ramulus artemis, Sipyloidea sipylus) are investigated for the tracheae in the prothorax and foreleg. The origin of the tracheae from the mesothoracic spiracle that enter the foreleg is identified: five tracheae originate from the mesothoracic spiracle, of which two enter the foreleg (supraventral trachea, trachea pedalis anterior). These two tracheae run separately through the leg to the femur-tibia joint where they fuse, but in the proximal tibia split again into two tracheae. The leg tracheae in stick insects are homologous to those in Tettigoniidae (bushcrickets). Stick insects have two chordotonal organs in the proximal tibia (subgenual organ and distal organ) which locate dorsally of the leg trachea. The tracheal system shows no adaptation specific to the propagation of airborne sound, like enlarged spiracles or tracheal volumes. Tracheal vesicles form in the tibia proximally to the mechanosensory organs, but no tracheal sacks or expansions occur at the level of the sensory organs that could mediate the detection of airborne sound or amplify substrate vibrations transmitted in the hemolymph fluid. Rather, the morphological characteristics indicate a respiratory function.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Insecta ; Neoptera ; Orthoptera ; Trachea ; Vibration
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001498-3
ISSN	1873-5495 ; 1467-8039
ISSN (online)	1873-5495
ISSN	1467-8039
DOI	10.1016/j.asd.2021.101074
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Article ; Online: Morphological coupling of the distal organ in the Peruvian walking stick (Oreophoetes peruana): Structural and functional aspects

Strauß, Johannes

Invertebrate Biology. 2022 Dec., v. 141, no. 4 p.e12387-

2022

Abstract: In insects, the detection of mechanical stimuli from body movements, airborne sound, substrate vibration, medium flow, or gravity by mechanosensory organs plays an important role. These mechanosenory organs can have complex morphologies with numerous ... ...

Abstract	In insects, the detection of mechanical stimuli from body movements, airborne sound, substrate vibration, medium flow, or gravity by mechanosensory organs plays an important role. These mechanosenory organs can have complex morphologies with numerous sensilla, and the functional morphology with specific attachments of the sensory neurons to surrounding tissues and structures determines the stimulation. In stick insects, the subgenual organ complex in the tibia of all legs is an elaborate system of two chordotonal organs, which respond to substrate vibrations, and associated tibial campaniform sensilla, which respond to cuticular strain. One chordotonal organ, the distal organ, is characterized by a linear set of sensilla. This distal organ has not been studied for its physiological characteristics in detail, but the attachment or mechanical coupling is functionally important. Here we characterize two aspects of attachment or mechanical coupling of the distal organ: At the dorsal side, the organ is connected to the inner side of the dorsal cuticle by connective tissue, which is shown to also contain the axons of campaniform sensilla. At the proximal end, a fine membrane runs to the adjacent chordotonal organ, the subgenual organ. This membrane spans the tibia in transverse direction. It does not contain neuronal elements, but as a connection between the subgenual and the distal organ, it may influence the mechanosensory activity of these organs. Such a connection is not present in other insects such as locusts or cockroaches and could affect the sensory function in stick insects (e.g., in vibration detection by the subgenual organ) or even couple the two organs, resulting in similar mechanical responses.
Keywords	gravity ; invertebrates ; neurons ; sensilla ; tibia ; vibration
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1227821-x
ISSN	1077-8306
ISSN	1077-8306
DOI	10.1111/ivb.12387
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Early postembryogenic development of the subgenual organ complex in the stick insect Sipyloidea sipylus.

Strauß, Johannes

Arthropod structure & development

2020 Volume 56, Page(s) 100933

Abstract: Stick insects have elaborate mechanosensory organs in their subgenual organ complex in the proximal tibia, particularly the distal organ with scolopidial sensilla in linear arrangement. For early postembryonic developmental stages of Sipyloidea sipylus ( ... ...

Abstract	Stick insects have elaborate mechanosensory organs in their subgenual organ complex in the proximal tibia, particularly the distal organ with scolopidial sensilla in linear arrangement. For early postembryonic developmental stages of Sipyloidea sipylus (Phasmatodea: Necrosciinae), the neuroanatomy of the scolopidial organs in the subgenual organ complex and the campaniform sensilla is documented by retrograde axonal tracing, and compared to the adult neuroanatomy. Already after hatching of the first larval instars are the sensory structures of subgenual organ and distal organ as well as tibial campaniform sensilla differentiated. In the distal organ, the full set of sensilla is shown in all larval stages examined. This finding indicates that the sensory organs differentiate during embryogenesis, and are already functional by the time of hatching. The constancy of distal organ sensilla over postembryonic stages allows investigation of the representative number of sensilla in adult animals as well as in larval instars. Some anatomical changes occur by postembryogenic length increase of the distal organ, and grouping of the anterior subgenual sensilla. The embryonic development of scolopidial sensilla is similar for auditory sensilla in hemimetabolous Orthoptera (locusts, bushcrickets, crickets) where tympanal membranes develop during postembryogenic stages, conferring a successive gain of sensitivity with larval moults.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Larva/anatomy & histology ; Larva/growth & development ; Microscopy ; Neoptera/anatomy & histology ; Neoptera/growth & development ; Nervous System/anatomy & histology ; Nervous System/growth & development ; Sensilla/anatomy & histology ; Sensilla/growth & development
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001498-3
ISSN	1873-5495 ; 1467-8039
ISSN (online)	1873-5495
ISSN	1467-8039
DOI	10.1016/j.asd.2020.100933
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Article: Neuronal Innervation of the Subgenual Organ Complex and the Tibial Campaniform Sensilla in the Stick Insect Midleg.

Strauß, Johannes

Insects

2020 Volume 11, Issue 1

Abstract: Mechanosensory organs in legs play are crucial receptors in the feedback control of walking and in the detection of substrate-borne vibrations. Stick insects serve as a model for the physiological role of chordotonal organs and campaniform sensilla. This ...

Abstract	Mechanosensory organs in legs play are crucial receptors in the feedback control of walking and in the detection of substrate-borne vibrations. Stick insects serve as a model for the physiological role of chordotonal organs and campaniform sensilla. This study documents, by axonal tracing, the neural innervation of the complex chordotonal organs and groups of campaniform sensilla in the proximal tibia of the midleg in
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662247-6
ISSN	2075-4450
ISSN	2075-4450
DOI	10.3390/insects11010040
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Article ; Online: Chronische Rhinosinusitis mit Polyposis nasi : Retrospektive Analyse des therapeutischen Vorgehens bei 463 Patienten.

Strauss, J / Lochbaum, R / Hoffmann, T K / Mayer, B / Appel, H / Hahn, J

HNO

2024

Abstract: Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease, the treatment of which has undergone significant changes in recent years. In addition to surgical approaches, topical and systemic steroids, and ... ...

Title translation	Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis : A retrospective analysis of therapeutic approaches in 463 patients.
Abstract	Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease, the treatment of which has undergone significant changes in recent years. In addition to surgical approaches, topical and systemic steroids, and adaptive acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) desensitization, three specific antibodies have complemented the therapeutic portfolio since 2019. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of all patients who presented as outpatients for the first time due to CRSwNP in 2007 and 2008 (collective A) and 2017 and 2018 (collective B) was performed, up to and including June 2023. Results: The clinical courses of 463 patients (mean age 49.1 years, range 5-82 years; 65.9% male) were included in the analysis. Conservative treatment with nasal corticosteroids started before initial presentation was more frequent in collective B (collective A 43.9% vs. collective B 72.2%). In 278 of the 463 patients (60%; A: 62%, B: 58%), at least one operation on the nasal sinuses had been performed after initial presentation; in 101 of these patients (36.3%) recurrent polyposis (within mean follow-up of 2.4 years) required further treatment. The indication for ASA provocation/desensitization was applied less frequently in collective B, also due to a high discontinuation rate (at least 38%) of the maintenance therapy. Of the total cohort, 16 patients (3.5%; A: n = 8, B: n = 8) were meanwhile switched to antibody therapy at recurrence. Conclusion: A step-by-step guideline-orientated approach is recommended in the treatment of CRSwNP. Systemic antibodies as an add-on to nasal corticosteroids are a relatively new therapeutic option for treatment-refractory CRSwNP, which reduces the indication for ASA desensitization, which is associated with a relatively high incidence of side effects and poor compliance.
Language	German
Publishing date	2024-05-03
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	200040-4
ISSN	1433-0458 ; 0017-6192
ISSN (online)	1433-0458
ISSN	0017-6192
DOI	10.1007/s00106-024-01479-y
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Article ; Online: The Links Between Psycho and Social.

Strauss, John

Psychiatry

2019 Volume 82, Issue 3, Page(s) 202–204

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Uncertainty
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209433-2
ISSN	1943-281X ; 0033-2747
ISSN (online)	1943-281X
ISSN	0033-2747
DOI	10.1080/00332747.2019.1653133
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Article ; Online: Understanding Continuity and Change in a Life: The Roles of Science and Fishbowls.

Strauss, John

Psychiatry

2019 Volume 82, Issue 4, Page(s) 315–322

Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	209433-2
ISSN	1943-281X ; 0033-2747
ISSN (online)	1943-281X
ISSN	0033-2747
DOI	10.1080/00332747.2019.1683407
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