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  1. Article ; Online: Deficits and compensation: Attentional control cortical networks in schizophrenia.

    Arkin, Sophie C / Ruiz-Betancourt, Daniel / Jamerson, Emery C / Smith, Roland T / Strauss, Nicole E / Klim, Casimir C / Javitt, Daniel C / Patel, Gaurav H

    NeuroImage. Clinical

    2020  Volume 27, Page(s) 102348

    Abstract: Visual processing and attention deficits are responsible for a substantial portion of the disability caused by schizophrenia, but the source of these deficits remains unclear. In 35 schizophrenia patients (SzP) and 34 healthy controls (HC), we used a ... ...

    Abstract Visual processing and attention deficits are responsible for a substantial portion of the disability caused by schizophrenia, but the source of these deficits remains unclear. In 35 schizophrenia patients (SzP) and 34 healthy controls (HC), we used a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) visual search task designed to activate/deactivate the cortical components of the attentional control system (i.e. the dorsal and ventral attention networks, lateral prefrontal regions in the frontoparietal network, and cingulo-opercular/salience networks), along with resting state functional connectivity, to examine the integrity of these components. While we find that behavioral performance and activation/deactivation of the RSVP task are largely similar between groups, SzP exhibited decreased functional connectivity within late visual components and between prefrontal and other components. We also find that performance correlates with the deactivation of the ventral attention network in SzP only. This relationship is mediated by the functional connectivity of critical components of the attentional control system. In summary, our results suggest that the attentional control system is potentially used to compensate for visual cortex deficits. Furthermore, prefrontal deficits in SzP may interfere with this compensatory use of the attentional control system. In addition to highlighting focal deficits and potential compensatory mechanisms in visual processing and attention, our findings point to the attentional control system as a potential target for rehabilitation and neuromodulation-based treatments for visual processing deficits in SzP.
    MeSH term(s) Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Schizophrenia ; Visual Cortex
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2701571-3
    ISSN 2213-1582 ; 2213-1582
    ISSN (online) 2213-1582
    ISSN 2213-1582
    DOI 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102348
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: What you see is what you get: visual scanning failures of naturalistic social scenes in schizophrenia.

    Patel, Gaurav H / Arkin, Sophie C / Ruiz-Betancourt, Daniel R / DeBaun, Heloise M / Strauss, Nicole E / Bartel, Laura P / Grinband, Jack / Martinez, Antigona / Berman, Rebecca A / Leopold, David A / Javitt, Daniel C

    Psychological medicine

    2020  Volume 51, Issue 16, Page(s) 2923–2932

    Abstract: Background: Impairments in social cognition contribute significantly to disability in schizophrenia patients (SzP). Perception of facial expressions is critical for social cognition. Intact perception requires an individual to visually scan a complex ... ...

    Abstract Background: Impairments in social cognition contribute significantly to disability in schizophrenia patients (SzP). Perception of facial expressions is critical for social cognition. Intact perception requires an individual to visually scan a complex dynamic social scene for transiently moving facial expressions that may be relevant for understanding the scene. The relationship of visual scanning for these facial expressions and social cognition remains unknown.
    Methods: In 39 SzP and 27 healthy controls (HC), we used eye-tracking to examine the relationship between performance on The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT), which tests social cognition using naturalistic video clips of social situations, and visual scanning, measuring each individual's relative to the mean of HC. We then examined the relationship of visual scanning to the specific visual features (motion, contrast, luminance, faces) within the video clips.
    Results: TASIT performance was significantly impaired in SzP for trials involving sarcasm (
    Conclusions: SzP show highly significant deficits in the use of visual scanning of naturalistic social scenes to inform social cognition. Alterations in visual scanning patterns may originate from impaired processing of facial motion within peripheral vision. Overall, these results highlight the utility of naturalistic stimuli in the study of social cognition deficits in schizophrenia.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Schizophrenia ; Facial Expression ; Visual Perception ; Emotions ; Social Perception
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 217420-0
    ISSN 1469-8978 ; 0033-2917
    ISSN (online) 1469-8978
    ISSN 0033-2917
    DOI 10.1017/S0033291720001646
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 1003: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  3. Article ; Online: Failure to engage the temporoparietal junction/posterior superior temporal sulcus predicts impaired naturalistic social cognition in schizophrenia.

    Patel, Gaurav H / Arkin, Sophie C / Ruiz-Betancourt, Daniel R / Plaza, Fabiola I / Mirza, Safia A / Vieira, Daniel J / Strauss, Nicole E / Klim, Casimir C / Sanchez-Peña, Juan P / Bartel, Laura P / Grinband, Jack / Martinez, Antigona / Berman, Rebecca A / Ochsner, Kevin N / Leopold, David A / Javitt, Daniel C

    Brain : a journal of neurology

    2021  Volume 144, Issue 6, Page(s) 1898–1910

    Abstract: Schizophrenia is associated with marked impairments in social cognition. However, the neural correlates of these deficits remain unclear. Here we use naturalistic stimuli to examine the role of the right temporoparietal junction/posterior superior ... ...

    Abstract Schizophrenia is associated with marked impairments in social cognition. However, the neural correlates of these deficits remain unclear. Here we use naturalistic stimuli to examine the role of the right temporoparietal junction/posterior superior temporal sulcus (TPJ-pSTS)-an integrative hub for the cortical networks pertinent to the understanding complex social situations-in social inference, a key component of social cognition, in schizophrenia. Twenty-seven schizophrenia participants and 21 healthy control subjects watched a clip of the film The Good, the Bad and the Ugly while high resolution multiband functional MRI images were collected. We used inter-subject correlation to measure the evoked activity, which we then compared to social cognition as measured by The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT). We also compared between groups the TPJ-pSTS blood oxygen level-dependent activity (i) relationship with the motion content in the film; (ii) synchronization with other cortical areas involved in the viewing of the movie; and (iii) relationship with the frequency of saccades made during the movie. Activation deficits were greatest in middle TPJ (TPJm) and correlated significantly with impaired TASIT performance across groups. Follow-up analyses of the TPJ-pSTS revealed decreased synchronization with other cortical areas, decreased correlation with the motion content of the movie, and decreased correlation with the saccades made during the movie. The functional impairment of the TPJm, a hub area in the middle of the TPJ-pSTS, predicts deficits in social inference in schizophrenia participants by disrupting the integration of visual motion processing into the TPJ. This disrupted integration then affects the use of the TPJ to guide saccades during the visual scanning of the movie clip. These findings suggest that the TPJ may be a treatment target for improving deficits in a key component of social cognition in schizophrenia participants.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/physiopathology ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology ; Social Cognition ; Temporal Lobe/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80072-7
    ISSN 1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
    ISSN (online) 1460-2156
    ISSN 0006-8950
    DOI 10.1093/brain/awab081
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Ui II Zs.26: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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