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Article: Factor in Fear: Interference Competition in Polymorphic Spadefoot Toad Tadpoles and Its Potential Role in Disruptive Selection.

Strugariu, Alexandru / Martin, Ryan Andrew

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2023 Volume 13, Issue 7

Abstract: Disruptive selection arises when extreme phenotypes have a fitness advantage compared to more-intermediate phenotypes. Theory and evidence suggest that intraspecific resource competition is a key driver of disruptive selection. However, while competition ...

Abstract	Disruptive selection arises when extreme phenotypes have a fitness advantage compared to more-intermediate phenotypes. Theory and evidence suggest that intraspecific resource competition is a key driver of disruptive selection. However, while competition can be indirect (exploitative) or direct (interference), the role of interference competition in disruptive selection has not been tested, and most models of disruptive selection assume exploitative competition. We experimentally investigated whether the type of competition affects the outcome of competitive interactions using a system where disruptive selection is common: Mexican spadefoot toads (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani13071264
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Factor in Fear: Interference Competition in Polymorphic Spadefoot Toad Tadpoles and Its Potential Role in Disruptive Selection

Strugariu, Alexandru / Martin, Ryan Andrew

Animals. 2023 Apr. 06, v. 13, no. 7

2023

Abstract	Disruptive selection arises when extreme phenotypes have a fitness advantage compared to more-intermediate phenotypes. Theory and evidence suggest that intraspecific resource competition is a key driver of disruptive selection. However, while competition can be indirect (exploitative) or direct (interference), the role of interference competition in disruptive selection has not been tested, and most models of disruptive selection assume exploitative competition. We experimentally investigated whether the type of competition affects the outcome of competitive interactions using a system where disruptive selection is common: Mexican spadefoot toads (Spea multiplicata). Spea tadpoles develop into alternative resource-use phenotypes: carnivores, which consume fairy shrimp and other tadpoles, and omnivores, which feed on algae and detritus. Tadpoles intermediate in phenotype have low fitness when competition is intense, as they are outcompeted by the specialized tadpoles. Our experiments revealed that the presence of carnivores significantly decreased foraging behavior in intermediate tadpoles, and that intermediate tadpoles had significantly lower growth rates in interference competition treatments with carnivores but not with omnivores. Interference competition may therefore be important in driving disruptive selection. As carnivore tadpoles are also cannibalistic, the ‘fear’ effect may have a greater impact on intermediate tadpoles than exploitative competition alone, similarly to non-consumptive effects in predator–prey or intraguild relationships.
Keywords	Anostraca ; Pelobatidae ; cannibalism ; carnivores ; detritus ; fearfulness ; phenotype
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0406
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani13071264
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Natrix natrix

Spaseni, Petronel / Sahlean, Tiberiu C / Gherghel, Iulian / Zamfirescu, Ștefan R / Petreanu, Ionuț C / Melenciuc, Raluca / Alistar, Cristina F / Gavril, Viorel D / Strugariu, Alexandru

PeerJ

2024 Volume 12, Page(s) e17168

Abstract: Activity patterns in animals are often species-specific, and can be generally categorized as diurnal, crepuscular, or nocturnal. Understanding these patterns provides insight into ecological adaptations and behaviors. The common grass snake ( ...

Abstract	Activity patterns in animals are often species-specific, and can be generally categorized as diurnal, crepuscular, or nocturnal. Understanding these patterns provides insight into ecological adaptations and behaviors. The common grass snake (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Citizen Science ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; Colubridae/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359 ; 2167-8359
ISSN (online)	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.17168
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A regional analysis on the amphibian and reptile communities from the Carpathian Mountains and the abiotic factors that shape their distributions and community assemblages

Gherghel, Iulian / Strugariu, Alexandru / Tedrow, Riley / Romanescu, Gheorghe

Regional environmental change. 2019 Dec., v. 19, no. 8

2019

Abstract: Understanding how climate and land cover currently shape species distributions and community structure is crucial to inform conservation decisions. Unfortunately, limited information is available for the relative importance of climatic and land use ... ...

Abstract	Understanding how climate and land cover currently shape species distributions and community structure is crucial to inform conservation decisions. Unfortunately, limited information is available for the relative importance of climatic and land use variables in determining the distribution of amphibians and reptiles. Here, we studied amphibian and reptile communities from the Carpathian Mountains, asking (i) to what extent is the distribution of reptiles and amphibians determined by environmental gradients, (ii) does the response to these factors differ between amphibians and reptiles, and (iii) are reptile and amphibian communities at higher altitudes more similar to each other than communities from lower altitudes. We found that forests, pastures, and heterogeneous arable land best explain the composition of the herpetofauna, with mountain communities associated with coniferous forests, and lowland species with mixed or broad-leaved forests and pastures. Our results also suggest that reptiles and amphibians respond idiosyncratically to the influence of climate and land use. Reptiles responded more to land use and less to climate variables compared with amphibians. Of the three amphibian hybrids registered, one (Bombina) was associated with heterogeneous arable land. These results have potential implications for future conservation planning, especially in the light of global climate change and changes in land use. Hence, local and regional processes are important in shaping amphibian and reptile communities.
Keywords	altitude ; amphibians ; arable soils ; climate change ; climatic factors ; community structure ; coniferous forests ; deciduous forests ; herpetofauna ; land cover ; land use ; pastures ; planning ; reptiles ; Carpathian region
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-12
Size	p. 2563-2572.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1464515-4
ISSN	1436-3798
ISSN	1436-3798
DOI	10.1007/s10113-019-01577-6
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Ecological corridors for the amphibians and reptiles in the Natura 2000 sites of Romania.

Sahlean, Tiberiu C / Papeș, Monica / Strugariu, Alexandru / Gherghel, Iulian

Scientific reports

2020 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 19464

Abstract: Landscape heterogeneity and fragmentation are key challenges for biodiversity conservation. As Earth's landscape is increasingly dominated by anthropogenic land use, it is clear that broad-scale systems of nature reserves connected by corridors are ... ...

Abstract	Landscape heterogeneity and fragmentation are key challenges for biodiversity conservation. As Earth's landscape is increasingly dominated by anthropogenic land use, it is clear that broad-scale systems of nature reserves connected by corridors are needed to enable the dispersal of flora and fauna. The European Union currently supports a continent-wide network of protected areas, the Natura 2000 program, but this program lacks the necessary connectivity component. To examine whether a comprehensive network could be built in order to protect amphibians and reptiles, two taxonomic groups sensitive to environmental changes due to their physiological constrains and low dispersal capacity, we used species' distribution maps, the sites of community interest (SCIs) in Romania, and landscape resistance rasters. Except Vipera ursinii rakosiensis, all amphibians and reptiles had corridors mapped that, when assembled, provided linkages for up to 27 species. Natura 2000 species were not good candidates for umbrella species as these linkages covered only 17% of the corridors for all species. Important Areas for Connectivity were identified in the Carpathian Mountains and along the Danube River, further confirming these regions as hot spots for biodiversity in Europe, where successful linkages are most likely. In the end, while such corridors may not be created just for amphibians and reptiles, they can easily be incorporated into more complex linkages with corridors for more charismatic species, therefore enhancing the corridors' value in terms of quality and structure.
MeSH term(s)	Amphibians/classification ; Amphibians/growth & development ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Ecosystem ; Europe ; European Union ; Geography ; Population Dynamics ; Reptiles/classification ; Reptiles/growth & development ; Romania ; Species Specificity
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-020-76596-z
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A revision of the distribution of sea kraits (Reptilia, Laticauda) with an updated occurrence dataset for ecological and conservation research.

Gherghel, Iulian / Papeş, Monica / Brischoux, François / Sahlean, Tiberiu / Strugariu, Alexandru

ZooKeys

2016 , Issue 569, Page(s) 135–148

Abstract: The genus Laticauda (Reptilia: Elapidae), commonly known as sea kraits, comprises eight species of marine amphibious snakes distributed along the shores of the Western Pacific Ocean and the Eastern Indian Ocean. We review the information available on the ...

Abstract	The genus Laticauda (Reptilia: Elapidae), commonly known as sea kraits, comprises eight species of marine amphibious snakes distributed along the shores of the Western Pacific Ocean and the Eastern Indian Ocean. We review the information available on the geographic range of sea kraits and analyze their distribution patterns. Generally, we found that south and south-west of Japan, Philippines Archipelago, parts of Indonesia, and Vanuatu have the highest diversity of sea krait species. Further, we compiled the information available on sea kraits' occurrences from a variety of sources, including museum records, field surveys, and the scientific literature. The final database comprises 694 occurrence records, with Laticauda colubrina having the highest number of records and Laticauda schistorhyncha the lowest. The occurrence records were georeferenced and compiled as a database for each sea krait species. This database can be freely used for future studies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02-26
Publishing country	Bulgaria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2445640-8
ISSN	1313-2970 ; 1313-2989
ISSN (online)	1313-2970
ISSN	1313-2989
DOI	10.3897/zookeys.569.6975
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Article: Annual Reproduction in Female Adders (Vipera berus) from a Montane Environment

Strugariu, Alexandru / Gherghel Iulian / Zamfirescu Åtefan R

Journal of Herpetology. 2014 Dec., v. 48, no. 4

2014

Abstract: European vipers are typical capital breeders and most studies have revealed that females usually reproduce once every two or three years and that, in some cases, females reproduce once during their lifetime. This paper presents evidence, based on ... ...

Abstract	European vipers are typical capital breeders and most studies have revealed that females usually reproduce once every two or three years and that, in some cases, females reproduce once during their lifetime. This paper presents evidence, based on monitoring marked snakes in consecutive years, that several female adders (Vipera berus) from a montane environment from the Northern Romanian Carpathians reproduced annually (2007â2008), and also gives preliminary data on other female reproductive traits. Reproductive females and their offspring were smaller and lighter than V. berus individuals from most previously studied populations. Maternal traits were not significantly correlated with litter and offspring characteristics.
Keywords	Vipera ; females ; monitoring ; progeny ; reproductive traits ; snakes
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-12
Size	p. 552-555.
Publishing place	the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2174975-9
ISSN	0022-1511
ISSN	0022-1511
DOI	10.1670%2F12-253
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: New Records for the Aesculapian Snake (Zamenis longissimus) (Reptilia: Colubridae) in Romanian Moldova

Strugariu, Alexandru / Eugen Ungureanu / Iulian Gherghel / Ştefan R. Zamfirescu / Tiberiu C. Sahlean

Travaux du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle "Grigore Antipa.". 2016 Sept. 10, v. 59, no. 1

2016

Abstract: The Aesculapian snake (Zamenis longissimus) is a widespread colubrid species, being present in much of central and southern Europe, with isolated populations occuring as far east as Iran. In Romania, the species is known from most of the country’s ... ...

Abstract	The Aesculapian snake (Zamenis longissimus) is a widespread colubrid species, being present in much of central and southern Europe, with isolated populations occuring as far east as Iran. In Romania, the species is known from most of the country’s regions, although it has been reported from very few areas from the Moldova region (eastern and north–eastern Romania). Here we present three new records for Z. longissimus in Romanian Moldova, including the first record for the species in Botoșani County, the north–easternmost region of Romania.
Keywords	Colubridae ; snakes ; Iran ; Moldova ; Romania ; Southern European region
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-0910
Size	p. 97-102.
Publishing place	De Gruyter Open
Document type	Article
ISSN	1223-2254
DOI	10.1515/travmu-2016-0014
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A revision of the distribution of sea kraits (Reptilia, Laticauda) with an updated occurrence dataset for ecological and conservation research

Gherghel, Iulian / Papeş, Monica / Brischoux, François / Sahlean, Tiberiu / Strugariu, Alexandru

ZooKeys. 2016 Feb. 26, v. 569

2016

Abstract	The genus Laticauda (Reptilia: Elapidae), commonly known as sea kraits, comprises eight species of marine amphibious snakes distributed along the shores of the Western Pacific Ocean and the Eastern Indian Ocean. We review the information available on the geographic range of sea kraits and analyze their distribution patterns. Generally, we found that south and south-west of Japan, Philippines Archipelago, parts of Indonesia, and Vanuatu have the highest diversity of sea krait species. Further, we compiled the information available on sea kraits’ occurrences from a variety of sources, including museum records, field surveys, and the scientific literature. The final database comprises 694 occurrence records, with Laticauda colubrina having the highest number of records and Laticauda schistorhyncha the lowest. The occurrence records were georeferenced and compiled as a database for each sea krait species. This database can be freely used for future studies.
Keywords	Japan ; Laticauda colubrina ; Philippines ; data collection ; databases ; geographical distribution ; georeferencing ; museums ; Indian Ocean ; Indonesia ; Pacific Ocean ; Vanuatu
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-0226
Size	p. 135-148.
Publishing place	Pensoft Publishers
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2445640-8
ISSN	1313-2970 ; 1313-2989
ISSN (online)	1313-2970
ISSN	1313-2989
DOI	10.3897/zookeys.569.6975
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Refining climate change projections for organisms with low dispersal abilities: a case study of the Caspian whip snake.

Sahlean, Tiberiu C / Gherghel, Iulian / Papeş, Monica / Strugariu, Alexandru / Zamfirescu, Ştefan R

PloS one

2014 Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) e91994

Abstract: Climate warming is one of the most important threats to biodiversity. Ectothermic organisms such as amphibians and reptiles are especially vulnerable as climatic conditions affect them directly. Ecological niche models (ENMs) are increasingly popular in ... ...

Abstract	Climate warming is one of the most important threats to biodiversity. Ectothermic organisms such as amphibians and reptiles are especially vulnerable as climatic conditions affect them directly. Ecological niche models (ENMs) are increasingly popular in ecological studies, but several drawbacks exist, including the limited ability to account for the dispersal potential of the species. In this study, we use ENMs to explore the impact of global climate change on the Caspian whip snake (Dolichophis caspius) as model for organisms with low dispersal abilities and to quantify dispersal to novel areas using GIS techniques. Models generated using Maxent 3.3.3 k and GARP for current distribution were projected on future climatic scenarios. A cost-distance analysis was run in ArcGIS 10 using geomorphological features, ecological conditions, and human footprint as "costs" to dispersal of the species to obtain a Maximum Dispersal Range (MDR) estimate. All models developed were statistically significant (P<0.05) and recovered the currently known distribution of D. caspius. Models projected on future climatic conditions using Maxent predicted a doubling of suitable climatic area, while GARP predicted a more conservative expansion. Both models agreed on an expansion of suitable area northwards, with minor decreases at the southern distribution limit. The MDR area calculated using the Maxent model represented a third of the total area of the projected model. The MDR based on GARP models recovered only about 20% of the total area of the projected model. Thus, incorporating measures of species' dispersal abilities greatly reduced estimated area of potential future distributions.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Animal Distribution ; Animals ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Forecasting ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Snakes/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-03-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0091994
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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