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Article ; Online: Using Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation to Induce Post-Roll Illusion in a Fixed-Base Flight Simulator.

Houben, Mark M J / Stuldreher, Ivo V / Forbes, Patrick A / Groen, Eric L

Aerospace medicine and human performance

2024 Volume 95, Issue 2, Page(s) 84–92

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: ...

Abstract	INTRODUCTION:
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aircraft ; Confusion ; Cues ; Illusions
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2809085-8
ISSN	2375-6322 ; 2375-6314
ISSN (online)	2375-6322
ISSN	2375-6314
DOI	10.3357/AMHP.6325.2024
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Article ; Online: Robustness of Physiological Synchrony in Wearable Electrodermal Activity and Heart Rate as a Measure of Attentional Engagement to Movie Clips.

Stuldreher, Ivo V / van Erp, Jan B F / Brouwer, Anne-Marie

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 23, Issue 6

Abstract: Individuals that pay attention to narrative stimuli show synchronized heart rate (HR) and electrodermal activity (EDA) responses. The degree to which this physiological synchrony occurs is related to attentional engagement. Factors that can influence ... ...

Abstract	Individuals that pay attention to narrative stimuli show synchronized heart rate (HR) and electrodermal activity (EDA) responses. The degree to which this physiological synchrony occurs is related to attentional engagement. Factors that can influence attention, such as instructions, salience of the narrative stimulus and characteristics of the individual, affect physiological synchrony. The demonstrability of synchrony depends on the amount of data used in the analysis. We investigated how demonstrability of physiological synchrony varies with varying group size and stimulus duration. Thirty participants watched six 10 min movie clips while their HR and EDA were monitored using wearable sensors (Movisens EdaMove 4 and Wahoo Tickr, respectively). We calculated inter-subject correlations as a measure of synchrony. Group size and stimulus duration were varied by using data from subsets of the participants and movie clips in the analysis. We found that for HR, higher synchrony correlated significantly with the number of answers correct for questions about the movie, confirming that physiological synchrony is associated with attention. For both HR and EDA, with increasing amounts of data used, the percentage of participants with significant synchrony increased. Importantly, we found that it did not matter how the amount of data was increased. Increasing the group size or increasing the stimulus duration led to the same results. Initial comparisons with results from other studies suggest that our results do not only apply to our specific set of stimuli and participants. All in all, the current work can act as a guideline for future research, indicating the amount of data minimally needed for robust analysis of synchrony based on inter-subject correlations.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Galvanic Skin Response ; Motion Pictures ; Wearable Electronic Devices
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23063006
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Detection of arousal and valence from facial expressions and physiological responses evoked by different types of stressors.

Bruin, Juliette / Stuldreher, Ivo V / Perone, Paola / Hogenelst, Koen / Naber, Marnix / Kamphuis, Wim / Brouwer, Anne-Marie

Frontiers in neuroergonomics

2024 Volume 5, Page(s) 1338243

Abstract: Automatically detecting mental state such as stress from video images of the face could support evaluating stress responses in applicants for high risk jobs or contribute to timely stress detection in challenging operational settings (e.g., aircrew, ... ...

Abstract	Automatically detecting mental state such as stress from video images of the face could support evaluating stress responses in applicants for high risk jobs or contribute to timely stress detection in challenging operational settings (e.g., aircrew, command center operators). Challenges in automatically estimating mental state include the generalization of models across contexts and across participants. We here aim to create robust models by training them using data from different contexts and including physiological features. Fifty-one participants were exposed to different types of stressors (cognitive, social evaluative and startle) and baseline variants of the stressors. Video, electrocardiogram (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA) and self-reports (arousal and valence) were recorded. Logistic regression models aimed to classify between high and low arousal and valence across participants, where "high" and "low" were defined relative to the center of the rating scale. Accuracy scores of different models were evaluated: models trained and tested within a specific context (either a baseline or stressor variant of a task), intermediate context (baseline and stressor variant of a task), or general context (all conditions together). Furthermore, for these different model variants, only the video data was included, only the physiological data, or both video and physiological data. We found that all (video, physiological and video-physio) models could successfully distinguish between high- and low-rated arousal and valence, though performance tended to be better for (1) arousal than valence, (2) specific context than intermediate and general contexts, (3) video-physio data than video or physiological data alone. Automatic feature selection resulted in inclusion of 3-20 features, where the models based on video-physio data usually included features from video, ECG and EDA. Still, performance of video-only models approached the performance of video-physio models. Arousal and valence ratings by three experienced human observers scores based on part of the video data did not match with self-reports. In sum, we showed that it is possible to automatically monitor arousal and valence even in relatively general contexts and better than humans can (in the given circumstances), and that non-contact video images of faces capture an important part of the information, which has practical advantages.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2673-6195
ISSN (online)	2673-6195
DOI	10.3389/fnrgo.2024.1338243
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Article ; Online: Physiological synchrony in electrodermal activity predicts decreased vigilant attention induced by sleep deprivation.

Stuldreher, Ivo V / Maasland, Emma / Bottenheft, Charelle / van Erp, Jan B F / Brouwer, Anne-Marie

Frontiers in neuroergonomics

2023 Volume 4, Page(s) 1199347

Abstract: Introduction: When multiple individuals are presented with narrative movie or audio clips, their electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate show significant similarities. Higher levels of such inter-subject physiological synchrony are related with ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: When multiple individuals are presented with narrative movie or audio clips, their electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate show significant similarities. Higher levels of such inter-subject physiological synchrony are related with higher levels of attention toward the narrative, as for instance expressed by more correctly answered questions about the narrative. We here investigate whether physiological synchrony in EDA and heart rate during watching of movie clips predicts performance on a subsequent vigilant attention task among participants exposed to a night of total sleep deprivation. Methods: We recorded EDA and heart rate of 54 participants during a night of total sleep deprivation. Every hour from 22:00 to 07:00 participants watched a 10-min movie clip during which we computed inter-subject physiological synchrony. Afterwards, they answered questions about the movie and performed the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) to capture attentional performance. Results: We replicated findings that inter-subject correlations in EDA and heart rate predicted the number of correct answers on questions about the movie clips. Furthermore, we found that inter-subject correlations in EDA, but not in heart rate, predicted PVT performance. Individuals' mean EDA and heart rate also predicted their PVT performance. For EDA, inter-subject correlations explained more variance of PVT performance than individuals' mean EDA. Discussion: Together, these findings confirm the association between physiological synchrony and attention. Physiological synchrony in EDA does not only capture the attentional processing during the time that it is determined, but also proves valuable for capturing more general changes in the attentional state of monitored individuals.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2673-6195
ISSN (online)	2673-6195
DOI	10.3389/fnrgo.2023.1199347
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The Interplay of Peer Victimization and Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity on Acute Inflammatory Stress Responses in Adolescence.

Lorenz, Tamara I / Schreuders, Elisabeth / Stuldreher, Ivo V / Thammasan, Nattapong / Brouwer, Anne-Marie / Giletta, Matteo

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology

2023 Volume 52, Issue 5, Page(s) 757–771

Abstract: This study examined the extent to which adolescent peer victimization predicted acute inflammatory responses to stress, and whether both resting parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity and PNS stress reactivity moderated this association. 83 ... ...

Abstract	This study examined the extent to which adolescent peer victimization predicted acute inflammatory responses to stress, and whether both resting parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity and PNS stress reactivity moderated this association. 83 adolescents (M
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Female ; Male ; Parasympathetic Nervous System/physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological/immunology ; Stress, Psychological/blood ; Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Peer Group ; Crime Victims/psychology ; Bullying/psychology ; Inflammation/physiopathology ; Inflammation/immunology ; Interleukin-6/blood ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Interleukin-10/blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-10 (130068-27-8) ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3041907-4
ISSN	2730-7174 ; 2730-7166
ISSN (online)	2730-7174
ISSN	2730-7166
DOI	10.1007/s10802-023-01156-8
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Unsupervised Clustering of Individuals Sharing Selective Attentional Focus Using Physiological Synchrony.

Stuldreher, Ivo V / Merasli, Alexandre / Thammasan, Nattapong / van Erp, Jan B F / Brouwer, Anne-Marie

Frontiers in neuroergonomics

2022 Volume 2, Page(s) 750248

Abstract: Research on brain signals as indicators of a certain attentional state is moving from laboratory environments to everyday settings. Uncovering the attentional focus of individuals in such settings is challenging because there is usually limited ... ...

Abstract	Research on brain signals as indicators of a certain attentional state is moving from laboratory environments to everyday settings. Uncovering the attentional focus of individuals in such settings is challenging because there is usually limited information about real-world events, as well as a lack of data from the real-world context at hand that is correctly labeled with respect to individuals' attentional state. In most approaches, such data is needed to train attention monitoring models. We here investigate whether unsupervised clustering can be combined with physiological synchrony in the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrodermal activity (EDA), and heart rate to automatically identify groups of individuals sharing attentional focus without using knowledge of the sensory stimuli or attentional focus of any of the individuals. We used data from an experiment in which 26 participants listened to an audiobook interspersed with emotional sounds and beeps. Thirteen participants were instructed to focus on the narrative of the audiobook and 13 participants were instructed to focus on the interspersed emotional sounds and beeps. We used a broad range of commonly applied dimensionality reduction ordination techniques-further referred to as mappings-in combination with unsupervised clustering algorithms to identify the two groups of individuals sharing attentional focus based on physiological synchrony. Analyses were performed using the three modalities EEG, EDA, and heart rate separately, and using all possible combinations of these modalities. The best unimodal results were obtained when applying clustering algorithms on physiological synchrony data in EEG, yielding a maximum clustering accuracy of 85%. Even though the use of EDA or heart rate by itself did not lead to accuracies significantly higher than chance level, combining EEG with these measures in a multimodal approach generally resulted in higher classification accuracies than when using only EEG. Additionally, classification results of multimodal data were found to be more consistent across algorithms than unimodal data, making algorithm choice less important. Our finding that unsupervised classification into attentional groups is possible is important to support studies on attentional engagement in everyday settings.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2673-6195
ISSN (online)	2673-6195
DOI	10.3389/fnrgo.2021.750248
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Understanding the combined effects of sleep deprivation and acute social stress on cognitive performance using a comprehensive approach.

Bottenheft, Charelle / Hogenelst, Koen / Stuldreher, Ivo / Kleemann, Robert / Groen, Eric / van Erp, Jan / Brouwer, Anne-Marie

Brain, behavior, & immunity - health

2023 Volume 34, Page(s) 100706

Abstract: Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) and acute social stress are common, often unavoidable, and frequently co-occurring stressors in high-risk professions. Both stressors are known to acutely induce inflammatory responses and an increasing body of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) and acute social stress are common, often unavoidable, and frequently co-occurring stressors in high-risk professions. Both stressors are known to acutely induce inflammatory responses and an increasing body of literature suggests this may lead to cognitive impairment. This study examined the combined effects of total SD and acute social stress on cognitive performance and took a comprehensive approach to explore their (shared) underlying mechanism leading to cognitive decline. Method: We recorded cognitive performance on a response inhibition task and a multitask and monitored a range of inflammatory, psychophysiological and self-reported markers in 101 participants, both before and after one night of either sleep (control group: N = 48) or SD (N = 53), and both before and after a social stressor (Trier Social Stress Test). Results: SD decreased cognitive performance. The social stress test also results in cognitive performance decline in the control group on the response inhibition task, but improved rather than decreased performance of sleep deprived participants on both tasks. The subjective ratings of mental effort also reflect this antagonistic interaction, indicating that the social stressor when sleep-deprived also reduced mental effort. In the inflammatory and physiological measures, this pattern was only reflected by IL-22 in blood. SD reduced blood IL-22 concentrations, and the social stress reduced IL-22 in the control group as well, but not in sleep-deprived participants. There were no interactive effects of SD and social stress on any other inflammatory or psychophysiological measures. The effects of the social stress test on autonomic measures and subjective results suggest that increased arousal may have benefited sleep-deprived participants' cognitive performance. Discussion: SD generally decreased cognitive performance and increased required mental effort. By contrast, the isolated effects of a social stressor were not generic, showing a positive effect on cognitive performance when sleep deprived. Our study is the first that studied combined effects of sleep deprivation and acute social stress on cognitive performance and inflammatory markers. It provides a comprehensive overview of effects of these stressors on a range of variables. We did not show unequivocal evidence of an underlying physiological mechanism explaining changes in performance due to (the combination of) sleep deprivation and social stress, but consider IL-22 as a possible cytokine involved in this mechanism and certainly worth following up on in future research.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-3546
ISSN (online)	2666-3546
DOI	10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100706
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Electrodermal activity as an index of food neophobia outside the lab.

Stuldreher, Ivo V / Van der Burg, Erik / Velut, Sebastien / Toet, Alexander / van Os, Demi E / Hiraguchi, Haruka / Hogervorst, Maarten A / Zandstra, Elizabeth H / Van Erp, Jan B F / Brouwer, Anne-Marie

Frontiers in neuroergonomics

2024 Volume 4, Page(s) 1297722

Abstract: Introduction: Understanding how food neophobia affects food experience may help to shift toward sustainable diets. Previous research suggests that individuals with higher food neophobia are more aroused and attentive when observing food-related stimuli. ...

Abstract	Introduction: Understanding how food neophobia affects food experience may help to shift toward sustainable diets. Previous research suggests that individuals with higher food neophobia are more aroused and attentive when observing food-related stimuli. The present study examined whether electrodermal activity (EDA), as index of arousal, relates to food neophobia outside the lab when exposed to a single piece of food. Methods: The EDA of 153 participants was analyzed as part of a larger experiment conducted at a festival. Participants completed the 10-item Food Neophobia Scale. Subsequently, they saw three lids covering three foods: a hotdog labeled as "meat", a hotdog labeled as "100% plant-based", and tofu labeled as "100% plant-based". Participants lifted the lids consecutively and the area-under-the-curve (AUC) of the skin conductance response (SCR) was captured between 20 s before and 20 s after each food reveal. Results: We found a significant positive correlation between food neophobia and AUC of SCR during presentation of the first and second hotdog and a trend for tofu. These correlations remained significant even when only including the SCR data prior to the food reveal (i.e., an anticipatory response). Discussion: The association between food neophobia and EDA indicates that food neophobic individuals are more aroused upon the presentation of food. We show for the first time that the anticipation of being presented with food already increased arousal for food neophobic individuals. These findings also indicate that EDA can be meaningfully determined using wearables outside the lab, in a relatively uncontrolled setting for single-trial analysis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2673-6195
ISSN (online)	2673-6195
DOI	10.3389/fnrgo.2023.1297722
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Article: Measuring Implicit Approach–Avoidance Tendencies towards Food Using a Mobile Phone outside the Lab

Brouwer, Anne-Marie / van Beers, Jasper J. / Sabu, Priya / Stuldreher, Ivo V. / Zech, Hilmar G. / Kaneko, Daisuke

Foods. 2021 June 22, v. 10, no. 7

2021

Abstract: Implicit (‘unconscious’) approach–avoidance tendencies towards stimuli can be measured using the Approach Avoidance Task (AAT). We recently expanded a toolbox for analyzing the raw data of a novel, mobile version of the AAT (mAAT), that asks participants ...

Abstract	Implicit (‘unconscious’) approach–avoidance tendencies towards stimuli can be measured using the Approach Avoidance Task (AAT). We recently expanded a toolbox for analyzing the raw data of a novel, mobile version of the AAT (mAAT), that asks participants to move their phone towards their face (pull) or away (push) in response to images presented on the phone. We here tested the mAAT reaction time and the mAAT distance in a study with 71 Dutch participants that were recruited online and performed an experiment without coming to the laboratory. The participants used both the mAAT and (explicit) rating scales to respond to photographic images of food. As hypothesized, the rated wanting, rated valence and mAAT reaction time indicated a preference for palatable over unpalatable food, and for Dutch over Asian food. Additionally, as expected, arousal was rated higher for unpalatable than for palatable food, and higher for Dutch than for Asian food. The mAAT distance indicated that the unpalatable food images were moved across larger distances, regardless of the movement direction (pull or push), compared to the palatable food images; and the Dutch food images were moved across larger distances than the Asian food images. We conclude that the mAAT can be used to implicitly probe approach–avoidance motivation for complex images in the food domain. The new measure of mAAT distance may be used as an implicit measure of arousal. The ratings and the mAAT measures do not reflect the exact same information and may complement each other. Implicit measures, such as mAAT variables, are particularly valuable when response biases that can occur when using explicit ratings are expected.
Keywords	face ; mobile telephones ; motivation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0622
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2704223-6
ISSN	2304-8158
ISSN	2304-8158
DOI	10.3390/foods10071440
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A Usability Study of Physiological Measurement in School Using Wearable Sensors.

Thammasan, Nattapong / Stuldreher, Ivo V / Schreuders, Elisabeth / Giletta, Matteo / Brouwer, Anne-Marie

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 20, Issue 18

Abstract: Measuring psychophysiological signals of adolescents using unobtrusive wearable sensors may contribute to understanding the development of emotional disorders. This study investigated the feasibility of measuring high quality physiological data and ... ...

Abstract	Measuring psychophysiological signals of adolescents using unobtrusive wearable sensors may contribute to understanding the development of emotional disorders. This study investigated the feasibility of measuring high quality physiological data and examined the validity of signal processing in a school setting. Among 86 adolescents, a total of more than 410 h of electrodermal activity (EDA) data were recorded using a wrist-worn sensor with gelled electrodes and over 370 h of heart rate data were recorded using a chest-strap sensor. The results support the feasibility of monitoring physiological signals at school. We describe specific challenges and provide recommendations for signal analysis, including dealing with invalid signals due to loose sensors, and quantization noise that can be caused by limitations in analog-to-digital conversion in wearable devices and be mistaken as physiological responses. Importantly, our results show that using toolboxes for automatic signal preprocessing, decomposition, and artifact detection with default parameters while neglecting differences between devices and measurement contexts yield misleading results. Time courses of students' physiological signals throughout the course of a class were found to be clearer after applying our proposed preprocessing steps.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Schools ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; Wrist
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s20185380
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