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Article ; Online: Assessing respiratory complications by carbon dioxide sensing platforms

Santheraleka Ramanathan / M.B. Malarvili / Subash C.B. Gopinath

Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Vol 16, Iss 2, Pp 104478- (2023)

Advancements in infrared radiation technology and IoT integration

1480

Abstract: Respiratory illness demands pragmatic clinical monitoring and diagnosis to curb numerous fatal diseases in all aged groups. Due to the complicated instrumentation, long amplification periods, and restricted number of simultaneous detections, present ... ...

Abstract	Respiratory illness demands pragmatic clinical monitoring and diagnosis to curb numerous fatal diseases in all aged groups. Due to the complicated instrumentation, long amplification periods, and restricted number of simultaneous detections, present clinically available multiplex diagnostic technologies are difficult to deploy the onsite diagnostic platforms. The futuristic assessment of medical diagnosis eases the respiratory monitoring using exhaled breath, due to the simple and comfort non-invasive detecting techniques. Carbon dioxide (CO2) stands as a promising biomarker and has been identified in exhaled breath samples that distinguish different respiratory issues. State-of-the-art CO2 gas sensing strategies are recognized with the growth of modern telecommunication technologies for real-time respiratory illness monitoring and diagnosis using exhaled breath. The presented article reviews the existing CO2 gas sensors and their developments towards medical applications. With that, the advancement of infrared (IR) CO2 gas sensors with distinguished light and sensing properties in detecting respiratory disorders are overviewed. The development of optimal CO2 gas sensing strategy incorporated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology is over-reviewed. The hurdles encountered in the existing research and future preference with real-time CO2 monitoring and diagnosing respiratory disorders with the advancement attained in IR sensing technology and IoT networking are highlighted.
Keywords	Gas sensors ; Infrared radiation ; Telemedicine ; Respiratory disorders ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	600
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Carbon Material Hybrid Construction on an Aptasensor for Monitoring Surgical Tumors

Renyuan Ma / Subash C. B. Gopinath / Thangavel Lakshmipriya / Yeng Chen

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, Vol

2022 Volume 2022

Abstract: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein, one of the common tumor biomarkers, found at low levels in body fluids. Generally, overexpression of CEA is found in various cancers, including ovarian, breast, lung, colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic ... ...

Abstract	Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein, one of the common tumor biomarkers, found at low levels in body fluids. Generally, overexpression of CEA is found in various cancers, including ovarian, breast, lung, colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers. Since CEA is an important tumor biomarker, the quantification of CEA is helpful for diagnosing cancer, monitoring tumor progression, and the follow-up treatment. This research develops a highly sensitive sandwich aptasensor for CEA identification on an interdigitated electrode sensor. Carbon-based material was used to attach a higher anti-CEA capture aptamer onto the sensor surface through a chemical linker, and then, CEA was quantified by the aptamer. Furthermore, CEA-spiked serum was tested by using the immobilized aptamer, which was found to not affect the target validation. The limit of detection for CEA in PBS and serum is calculated from a linear regression graph to be 0.5 ng/mL with R2 values of 0.9593 and 0.9657, respectively, over a linear range from 0.5 to 500 ng/mL. This CEA quantification by the aptasensor can help diagnose various surgical tumors and monitor their progression.
Keywords	Analytical chemistry ; QD71-142
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Electro-determination of protonation by tungsten anchored carbon nanoparticle on interdigitated gold electrode

Hanna Ilyani Zulhaimi / Subash C.B. Gopinath / Farizul Hafiz Kasim / Periasamy Anbu

Results in Chemistry, Vol 6, Iss , Pp 101181- (2023)

2023

Abstract: This study presented an enhanced sensitivity of sensing protons (H+) by anchoring tungsten to carbon nanoparticles (WCN) to encourage high current density on the surface of gold interdigitated electrode (AuIDE). The morphology of the sensor evidences the ...

Abstract	This study presented an enhanced sensitivity of sensing protons (H+) by anchoring tungsten to carbon nanoparticles (WCN) to encourage high current density on the surface of gold interdigitated electrode (AuIDE). The morphology of the sensor evidences the intactness of electrode surface and suitable for WCN modification. To elucidate the study, unmodified AuIDE was compared to the WCN modified surface. Current-volt analysis was compared with electrolyte scouting in the variation of pH by using a picoammater, which supplied 0.0 to 2.0 V with a 0.1 V ramp interval. It was shown that modified WCN gave the sensitivity in the acidic medium (protons) at the pH 4 with a current density value of 2.5 × 10-5 ampere and increased further with lowering the pH to more acidic. This is due to the fact that the tungsten carbon nanoparticle that is anchored offering more electron density and alters the behavior of the chip. Meanwhile, the current density displayed insignificant changes of current density amplification from pH 5 to 12 with the range of 5.91 × 10-9 to 7.36 × 10-8 Ampere. The deposition of WCN on the AuIDE surface chip revealed the successfulness of this nanoparticle in chemically linked with the AuIDE surface and how modified nanoparticle altered the behavior of the sensing element.
Keywords	Nanomaterial ; Electric analysis ; Electrolytes ; Dielectrode ; Current-volt ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	620
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Electroanalysis on an Interdigitated Electrode for High-Affinity Cardiac Troponin I Biomarker Detection by Aptamer–Gold Conjugates

Jintao Zhang / Thangavel Lakshmipriya / Subash C. B. Gopinath

ACS Omega, Vol 5, Iss 40, Pp 25899-

2020 Volume 25905

Keywords	Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Bio-Enzyme Hybrid with Nanomaterials

Wan Yuen Tan / Subash C. B. Gopinath / Periasamy Anbu / Ahmad Radi Wan Yaakub / Sreeramanan Subramaniam / Yeng Chen / Sreenivasan Sasidharan

Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 7511, p

A Potential Cargo as Sustainable Biocatalyst

2023 Volume 7511

Abstract: With advancements in bionanotechnology, the field of nanobiocatalysts has undergone rapid growth and revolutionized various nanomaterials as novel and fascinating nanocarriers for enzyme immobilization. Nanotubes, nanofibers, nanopores, nanoparticles, ... ...

Abstract	With advancements in bionanotechnology, the field of nanobiocatalysts has undergone rapid growth and revolutionized various nanomaterials as novel and fascinating nanocarriers for enzyme immobilization. Nanotubes, nanofibers, nanopores, nanoparticles, and nanocomposites have been successfully developed and used as nanocarriers. The construction of robust nanobiocatalysts by combining enzymes and nanocarriers using various enzyme immobilization techniques is gaining incredible attention because of their extraordinary catalytic performance, high stability, and ease of reusability under different physical and chemical conditions. Creating appropriate surface chemistry for nanomaterials promotes their downstream applications. This review discusses enzyme immobilization on nanocarriers and highlights the techniques, properties, preparations, and applications of nanoimmobilized enzymes.
Keywords	enzyme carrier ; nanoimmobilized enzyme ; nanobiocatalyst ; nanomaterial ; enzyme assay ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Recent Advances in Identifying Biomarkers and High-Affinity Aptamers for Gynecologic Cancers Diagnosis and Therapy

Xiaoqun Ma / Thangavel Lakshmipriya / Subash C. B. Gopinath

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, Vol

2019 Volume 2019

Abstract: Cancer is the uncontrollable abnormal division of cell growth, caused due to the varied reasons. Cancer can be expressed in any part of the body, and it is one of the death-causing diseases. Human reproductive organs are commonly damaged by cancer. In ... ...

Abstract	Cancer is the uncontrollable abnormal division of cell growth, caused due to the varied reasons. Cancer can be expressed in any part of the body, and it is one of the death-causing diseases. Human reproductive organs are commonly damaged by cancer. In particular, the women reproductive system is affected by various cancers including ovarian, cervical, endometrial, vaginal, fallopian tube, and vulvar cancers. Identifying these cancers at earlier stages prevents the damage to the organs. Aptamer is the potential probe that can identify these cancers. Aptamer is an artificial antibody selected from the randomized library of molecules and has a high binding affinity to the target biomarker. Targeting cancers in the reproductive organs using aptamers showed an excellent efficiency of detection compared to other probes. Different aptamers have been generated against the gynaecological cancer biomarkers, which include HE4, CA125, VEGF, OCCA (for ovarian cancer), EGFR, FGFR1, K-ras (for endometrial cancer), HPV E-16, HPV E-7, HPV E-6, tyrosine, and kinase (for cervical cancer), which help to identify the cancers in woman reproductive organs. In this overview, the biomarkers for gynecologic cancers and the relevant diagnosing systems generated using the specific aptamers are discussed. Furthermore, the therapeutic applications of aptamer with gynaecological cancers are narrated.
Keywords	Analytical chemistry ; QD71-142
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Amine-Aldehyde Chemical Conjugation on a Potassium Hydroxide-Treated Polystyrene ELISA Surface for Nanosensing an HIV-p24 Antigen

Cunzhen Wang / Thangavel Lakshmipriya / Subash C. B. Gopinath

Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been widely used for disease surveillance and drug screening due to its relatively higher accuracy and sensitivity. Fine-tuning the ELISA is mandatory to elevate the specific detection of ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been widely used for disease surveillance and drug screening due to its relatively higher accuracy and sensitivity. Fine-tuning the ELISA is mandatory to elevate the specific detection of biomolecules at a lower abundance. Towards this end, higher molecular capture on the polystyrene (PS) ELISA surface is crucial for efficient detection, and it could be attained by immobilizing the molecules in the correct orientation. It is highly challenging to immobilize protein molecules in a well-aligned manner on an ELISA surface due to charge variations. We employed a 3-(aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES)- and glutaraldehyde (GLU)-coupled PS surface chemical strategy to demonstrate the high performance with ELISA. A potassium hydroxide treatment followed by an equal ratio of 1% APTES and GLU attachment was found to be optimal, and a longer incubation with GLU favored maximum sensitivity. p24 is a vital early secreting antigen for diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and it has been used for efficient detection with the above chemistry. Three different procedures were followed, and they led to the improved detection of the HIV-p24 antigen at 1 nM, which is a 30-fold higher level compared to a conventional ELISA surface. The surface chemical functionalization shown here also displays a higher specificity with human serum and HIV-TAT. The above approach with the designed surface chemistry could also be recommended for disease diagnosis on other sensing surfaces involving the interaction of the probe and the analyte in heterogeneous test samples.
Keywords	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; p24 antigen ; Amine-aldehyde ; Surface chemistry ; Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ; TA401-492
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SpringerOpen
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Exploring antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Mutingia calabura (Kerukupsiam) leaf extract

Ahmad Anas Nagoor Gunny / Nimaal K. Prammakumar / Abdul Aziz Ahmad / Subash C.B. Gopinath / Amirul Ridzuan Abu Bakar / Haliru Musa / Mohd Hishamuddin Che Mat

Results in Chemistry, Vol 7, Iss , Pp 101305- (2024)

In vitro analysis and molecular docking study

2024

Abstract: Antioxidant activity and antihyperglycemic constituents and of traditional medicinal plants are currently the preferred therapeutic means of treatment and management of diabetes because of the undesired adverse effect of synthetic drugs. Muntingia ... ...

Abstract	Antioxidant activity and antihyperglycemic constituents and of traditional medicinal plants are currently the preferred therapeutic means of treatment and management of diabetes because of the undesired adverse effect of synthetic drugs. Muntingia calabura (Kerukupsiam) leaves and other parts are considered as alternative natural sources of treatment for diabetes. Ultrasonic assisted extraction is a novel approach for extraction of phytoconstituents which gives high extraction yield of bioactive compounds. However, there has been no published information presently on the use of ethanol ultrasonic assisted extraction method for assessment of antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of M. calabura leaves. Hence, the current study aims to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of M. calabura leave extract. IC50 analysis was done to determine theinhibitory concentration and the results obtained from 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay showed IC50 of gallic acid to be 1.0 µg/ml, which is lower than M. calabura leaves extract at 2.54 µg/ml, indicating that only small concentration of gallic acid was required to inhibit the free radicals at 50 %. However, IC50 analysis for amylase inhibition showed that M. calabura extract had 44.39 µg/ml antidiabetic activity compared to acarbose with 57.1 µg/ml activity. This indicates that M. calabura leaves extract has a better inhibition on amylase activity compared to the acarbose which is a synthetic drug. Further still, in silico study was carried out and the molecular docking result of eight ligands against amylase indicates quercetin had the least binding free energy of −9.1 kcal/mol, indicating the strongest interaction. Using Lineweaver-Burk plot, the results showed a competitive inhibition, hence, it was justified that M. calabura has the potential to manage diabetes and other diseases related to free radicals.
Keywords	Diabetes ; Medicinal Plant ; Amylase Inhibitor ; Lineweaver-Burk ; In silico ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Graphitic carbon nitride/graphene nanoflakes hybrid system for electrochemical sensing of DNA bases in meat samples

J. Kalaiyarasi / K. Pandian / Santheraleka Ramanathan / Subash C. B. Gopinath

Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 16

Abstract: Abstract This research presents a simple, fast and simultaneous electrochemical quantitative determination of nucleobases, for example guanine (G), adenine (A), and thymine (T) in a beef and chicken livers samples to measure the quality of food products ... ...

Abstract	Abstract This research presents a simple, fast and simultaneous electrochemical quantitative determination of nucleobases, for example guanine (G), adenine (A), and thymine (T) in a beef and chicken livers samples to measure the quality of food products based on hybrids of graphitic carbon nitride/Graphene nanoflakes (g-C3N4/GNF) modified electrode. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) made of graphite-like covalent link connects nitrogen, nitride, and carbon atoms in the structural design with improved the electrical properties and low band gap semiconductor. The g-C3N4/GNF nanocomposite was synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment to form a porous g-C3N4 interconnected three dimensional (3D) network of g-C3N4 and GNF. The 3D g-C3N4/GNF/GCE was utilized for the detection of nucleic acid bases with a well resolved oxidation peak for the individual analyte. The electrocatalytic current was established to be a linear range from 0.3 × 10–7 to 6.6 × 10–6, 0.3 × 10–7 to 7.3 × 10–6, and 5.3 × 10−6 to 63.3 × 10−4 M for G, A, and T with a detection limit of 4.7, 3.5 and 55 nM, respectively. The diffusion co-efficient and the kinetic parameters were derived from the chronoamperometry technique. The proposed sensing strategy has been effectively used for the application in real sample analysis and observed that the electrode free from the surface fouling.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Current-Volt Biosensing “Cystatin C” on Carbon Nanowired Interdigitated Electrode Surface

Xi Chen / Jie Kang / Qiu Sun / Cheng Liu / Hongling Wang / Chen Wang / Subash C. B. Gopinath

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, Vol

A Clinical Marker Analysis for Bulged Aorta

2022 Volume 2022

Abstract: A carbon nanowire-modified surface with interdigitated electrode (IDE) sensing system was introduced to identify abdominal aortic aneurysm biomarker “papain,” also known as cysteine protease, used as the capture probe to identify Cystatin C. Papain was ... ...

Abstract	A carbon nanowire-modified surface with interdigitated electrode (IDE) sensing system was introduced to identify abdominal aortic aneurysm biomarker “papain,” also known as cysteine protease, used as the capture probe to identify Cystatin C. Papain was immobilized through the covalent integration of amine group on papain and the carboxyl group with carbon nanowire. This papain-modified electrode surface was utilized to detect the different concentrations of Cystatin C (100 pg/mL to 3.2 ng/mL). The interaction between papain and Cystatin C was monitored using a picoammeter, and the response curves were compared. With increasing Cystatin C concentrations, the total current levels were gradually increased with a linear range from 200 pg/mL to 3.2 ng/mL, and the current differences were plotted and the detection limit of Cystatin C was calculated as 200 pg/mL. The averaging of three independent experiments (n = 3) was made with 3δ estimation, and the determination coefficient was y = 1.8477 × 0.7303 and R2 = 0.9878. Furthermore, control experiments with creatinine and gliadin failed to bind the immobilized papain, indicating the specific detection of Cystatin C.
Keywords	Analytical chemistry ; QD71-142
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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