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  1. Article ; Online: Deep Learning Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Confidence Expressed on Twitter in 6 High-Income Countries

    Xinyu Zhou / Suhang Song / Ying Zhang / Zhiyuan Hou

    Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol 25, p e

    Longitudinal Observational Study

    2023  Volume 49753

    Abstract: BackgroundAn ongoing monitoring of national and subnational trajectory of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy could offer support in designing tailored policies on improving vaccine uptake. ObjectiveWe aim to track the temporal and spatial distribution of COVID- ... ...

    Abstract BackgroundAn ongoing monitoring of national and subnational trajectory of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy could offer support in designing tailored policies on improving vaccine uptake. ObjectiveWe aim to track the temporal and spatial distribution of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and confidence expressed on Twitter during the entire pandemic period in major English-speaking countries. MethodsWe collected 5,257,385 English-language tweets regarding COVID-19 vaccination between January 1, 2020, and June 30, 2022, in 6 countries—the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Ireland. Transformer-based deep learning models were developed to classify each tweet as intent to accept or reject COVID-19 vaccination and the belief that COVID-19 vaccine is effective or unsafe. Sociodemographic factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and confidence in the United States were analyzed using bivariate and multivariable linear regressions. ResultsThe 6 countries experienced similar evolving trends of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and confidence. On average, the prevalence of intent to accept COVID-19 vaccination decreased from 71.38% of 44,944 tweets in March 2020 to 34.85% of 48,167 tweets in June 2022 with fluctuations. The prevalence of believing COVID-19 vaccines to be unsafe continuously rose by 7.49 times from March 2020 (2.84% of 44,944 tweets) to June 2022 (21.27% of 48,167 tweets). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and confidence varied by country, vaccine manufacturer, and states within a country. The democrat party and higher vaccine confidence were significantly associated with lower vaccine hesitancy across US states. ConclusionsCOVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and confidence evolved and were influenced by the development of vaccines and viruses during the pandemic. Large-scale self-generated discourses on social media and deep learning models provide a cost-efficient approach to monitoring routine vaccine hesitancy.
    Keywords Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher JMIR Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: A Chaotic Electromagnetic Field Optimization Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Entropy for Multilevel Thresholding Color Image Segmentation

    Suhang Song / Heming Jia / Jun Ma

    Entropy, Vol 21, Iss 4, p

    2019  Volume 398

    Abstract: Multilevel thresholding segmentation of color images is an important technology in various applications which has received more attention in recent years. The process of determining the optimal threshold values in the case of traditional methods is time- ... ...

    Abstract Multilevel thresholding segmentation of color images is an important technology in various applications which has received more attention in recent years. The process of determining the optimal threshold values in the case of traditional methods is time-consuming. In order to mitigate the above problem, meta-heuristic algorithms have been employed in this field for searching the optima during the past few years. In this paper, an effective technique of Electromagnetic Field Optimization (EFO) algorithm based on a fuzzy entropy criterion is proposed, and in addition, a novel chaotic strategy is embedded into EFO to develop a new algorithm named CEFO. To evaluate the robustness of the proposed algorithm, other competitive algorithms such as Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Bat Algorithm (BA), Wind Driven Optimization (WDO), and Bird Swarm Algorithm (BSA) are compared using fuzzy entropy as the fitness function. Furthermore, the proposed segmentation method is also compared with the most widely used approaches of Otsu’s variance and Kapur’s entropy to verify its segmentation accuracy and efficiency. Experiments are conducted on ten Berkeley benchmark images and the simulation results are presented in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean structural similarity (MSSIM), feature similarity (FSIM), and computational time (CPU Time) at different threshold levels of 4, 6, 8, and 10 for each test image. A series of experiments can significantly demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed technique, which can deal with multilevel thresholding color image segmentation excellently.
    Keywords fuzzy entropy ; electromagnetic field optimization ; chaotic strategy ; color image segmentation ; multilevel thresholding ; Science ; Q ; Astrophysics ; QB460-466 ; Physics ; QC1-999
    Subject code 006
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Prospective association between social engagement and cognitive impairment among middle-aged and older adults

    Zhi-Jie Zheng / Yinzi Jin / Shuduo Zhou / Suhang Song

    BMJ Open, Vol 10, Iss

    evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

    2020  Volume 11

    Abstract: Objectives Cognitive impairment is a precursor of dementia. This study aimed to examine the association of social engagement with cognitive decline during the process of normal ageing.Methods We used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal ...

    Abstract Objectives Cognitive impairment is a precursor of dementia. This study aimed to examine the association of social engagement with cognitive decline during the process of normal ageing.Methods We used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The cognitive functions were tested at baseline, and 2-year and 4-year follow-up visits. Social engagement was constructed as a comprehensive measure including the quantity and frequency of social activities. Activities of social engagement were classified into three types. Multilevel logistic model was fitted to evaluate the prospective association between social engagement and cognitive impairment.Results After 2-year follow-up, compared with participants with the lowest level of social engagement, those with level-2, level-3 and level-4 social engagement had a 12% (OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.09, p=0.242), 17% (OR=0.83, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.97, p=0.020) and 25% (OR=0.75, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.93, p=0.008) lower risk for developing cognitive impairment, respectively. A similar pattern of significantly protective association was found at 4-year follow-up. Combined effect analysis showed that participants who attended one type of social engagement had a lower risk of developing cognitive impairment and the protective effect was even larger with those who attended two or three types of social engagement.Conclusions Social engagement had a protective effect on cognitive impairment among middle-aged and older adults in China. Given the growing epidemic of dementia and rapid pace of ageing in low-income and middle-income countries, our study shed lights on comprehensive and tailored public health programmes for improving social engagement, to delay cognitive impairment at mid-age and later life.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 300 ; 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Willingness and uptake of the COVID-19 testing and vaccination in urban China during the low-risk period

    Suhang Song / Shujie Zang / Liubing Gong / Cuilin Xu / Leesa Lin / Mark R. Francis / Zhiyuan Hou

    BMC Public Health, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    a cross-sectional study

    2022  Volume 13

    Abstract: Abstract Background Regular testing and vaccination are effective measures to mitigate the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence on the willingness and uptake of the COVID-19 testing is scarce, and the willingness and uptake of vaccination may change as ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Regular testing and vaccination are effective measures to mitigate the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence on the willingness and uptake of the COVID-19 testing is scarce, and the willingness and uptake of vaccination may change as the pandemic evolves. This study aims to examine willingness and uptake of COVID-19 testing and vaccination during a low-risk period of the COVID-19 pandemic in urban China. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 2244 adults in urban China. Descriptive analyses were performed to compare the respondents’ willingness and uptake of COVID-19 testing and vaccination. Multivariate logistic regressions were fitted to investigate factors associated with the willingness and uptake of the two measures. Results In early 2021, about half (52.45%) of the respondents had received or scheduled a COVID-19 test at least once, and a majority (95.63%) of the respondents were willing to receive testing. About two-thirds (63.28%) of the respondents had received/scheduled or were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Willingness and uptake of COVID-19 testing were not associated with socio-demographic characteristics, except for occupation. Being of older age, migrants, having higher educational attainment and secure employment were associated with a higher uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among the surveyed respondents, while willingness to vaccinate was consistent across socio-demographic characteristics among those who had not been vaccinated. Conclusions By early 2021, Chinese adults expressed almost universal willingness of COVID-19 testing and over half of adults have been tested, while the willingness and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination were relatively low at the low-risk period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Maintaining willingness of COVID-19 vaccination is critical and necessary, especially when the pandemic evolved into a low-risk period.
    Keywords Willingness ; Uptake ; COVID-19 testing ; COVID-19 vaccination ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 950
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Trends in health resource disparities in primary health care institutions in Liaoning Province in Northeast China

    Shuping Wang / Jin Xu / Xiaofeng Jiang / Chaofan Li / Hongmin Li / Suhang Song / Erdan Huang / Qingyue Meng

    International Journal for Equity in Health, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2018  Volume 8

    Abstract: Abstract Background The allocation of health resources in primary health care institutions (PHCI) is crucial to health reform. China has recently implemented many reform measures emphasizing the provision of primary health care services, with equity as ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background The allocation of health resources in primary health care institutions (PHCI) is crucial to health reform. China has recently implemented many reform measures emphasizing the provision of primary health care services, with equity as one of the major goals. The aim of this study was to analyze the quantity, quality, and distribution of health resources in Liaoning Province from 2005 to 2017. Methods Data were drawn from the annual financial report from 2005 to 2017 and information from the Liaoning Province Department of Statistics. Numbers of beds and physicians were used as indicators of health resources. Capital assets per bed, value of medical equipment per bed, operational space per bed, and number of physicians with different educational levels were used as indicators of quality of health resources. Concentration indices (CI) and Gini coefficients were calculated. Results There was a steady rise in health resources in PHCI. From 2005 to 2017, the quality of health resources improved. The CI of beds showed an overall downward trend, indicating an improvement in the disparity among PHCI. There was a similar trend in the CI of fixed assets per bed. The Gini coefficients of physicians overall and physicians with different educational levels were almost always < 0.3, showing preferred equity status. There was a decreasing trend in the Gini coefficients of PHCI physicians with bachelor’s degrees or higher and physicians with associate’s degrees. The proportion of health resource of PHCI in health system increased from 2005 to 2009, before decreasing from 2009 to 2017 and the percentage of physicians overall and physicians with bachelor’s degrees or higher in PHCI declined after 2011. Conclusions There was an improvement in the quantity and quality of health resources in PHCI from 2005 to 2017. The distribution of health resource allocation in PHCI also improved. The findings revealed that the measures for the improvement of PHCI physicians’ educational level has been successful and the ...
    Keywords Disparity ; Quantity ; Quality ; Health resources ; Primary health care institutions ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Increased Inequalities in Health Resource and Access to Health Care in Rural China

    Suhang Song / Beibei Yuan / Luyu Zhang / Gang Cheng / Weiming Zhu / Zhiyuan Hou / Li He / Xiaochen Ma / Qingyue Meng

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 16, Iss 1, p

    2018  Volume 49

    Abstract: Both health resources and access to these resources increased after China’s health care reform launched in 2009. However, it is not clear if the inequalities were reduced within rural China, which was one of the main targets in the reform. This study ... ...

    Abstract Both health resources and access to these resources increased after China’s health care reform launched in 2009. However, it is not clear if the inequalities were reduced within rural China, which was one of the main targets in the reform. This study aims to examine the changes in inequalities in health resources and access following the reform. Data came from the routine report of rural counties in every other year from 2008 to 2014. Health professionals and hospital beds per 1000 population were used for measuring health resources, and the hospitalization rate was used for access. Descriptive analysis and the fixed effect model were used in this study. Health resources and access increased by about 50% between 2008 and 2014 in rural China. The counties in richer quintiles got more health resources and hospitalizations. As for health professionals, the absolute differences between the richer and the poorest quintile were significantly enlarging in 2014 when compared to 2008. Regarding the hospitalization rate, the differences between the richest and the poorest quintile showed no significant change after 2012. In sum, absolute inequalities of health resources were increased, while that of health utilization kept constant following China’s health care reform. The reform needs to continually recruit qualified health workers and appropriately allocate health infrastructures to strengthen the capacity of the health care system in the impoverished areas.
    Keywords health care reform ; inequality ; health resource ; access ; China ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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