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  1. Article ; Online: Severe Dengue Epidemic, Sri Lanka, 2017

    Hasitha A. Tissera / Bernard D.W. Jayamanne / Rajendra Raut / Sakunthala M.D. Janaki / Yesim Tozan / Preshila C. Samaraweera / Prasad Liyanage / Azhar Ghouse / Chaturaka Rodrigo / Aravinda M. de Silva / Sumadhya D. Fernando

    Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 26, Iss 4, Pp 682-

    2020  Volume 691

    Abstract: In 2017, a dengue epidemic of unexpected magnitude occurred in Sri Lanka. A total of 186,101 suspected cases and 440 dengue-related deaths occurred. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of this epidemic by comparing national surveillance data for 2017 ... ...

    Abstract In 2017, a dengue epidemic of unexpected magnitude occurred in Sri Lanka. A total of 186,101 suspected cases and 440 dengue-related deaths occurred. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of this epidemic by comparing national surveillance data for 2017 with data from the preceding 5 years. In all Sri Lanka districts, dengue incidence in 2017 increased significantly over incidence during the previous 5 years. Older schoolchildren and young adults were more clinically symptomatic than those at extremes of age. Limited virologic surveillance showed the dominant circulating variant was dengue virus type 2 cosmopolitan genotype in the most affected district. One quarter of total annual cases were reported 5 weeks after the southwest monsoon started. Changes in vector abundance were not predictive of the increased incidence. Direct government expenditures on dengue control activities in 2017 were US $12.7 million. The lessons learned from this outbreak are useful for other tropical nations facing increasing dengue incidence.
    Keywords Dengue ; epidemic ; Sri Lanka ; surveillance ; serotype ; age group ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Clinical features and sociodemographic factors affecting Trichomonas vaginalis infection in women attending a central sexually transmitted diseases clinic in Sri Lanka

    Sumadhya D Fernando / Sathya Herath / Chaturaka Rodrigo / Lalani Rajapakse

    Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Vol 33, Iss 1, Pp 25-

    2012  Volume 31

    Abstract: Introduction: Trichomoniasis is a relatively neglected area of research in Sri Lanka. Given the number of infections observed, an analysis of sociodemographic characteristics of patients would be valuable in prevention. Materials and Methods: Data were ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Trichomoniasis is a relatively neglected area of research in Sri Lanka. Given the number of infections observed, an analysis of sociodemographic characteristics of patients would be valuable in prevention. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 359 newly registered women at a tertiary level sexually transmitted diseases clinic over a period of 18 months. Trichomoniasis was diagnosed by culture of vaginal swabs collected from the posterior fornix. Results: The prevalence of trichomoniasis in the sample was 7.2%. Of those who tested positive for trichomoniasis, 76% were in the age group of 21-45 years, 68% were married and living with a spouse and 60% were unemployed. A diagnosis of Trichomoniasis was associated with being married (OR, 1.6; CI, 0.56-4.41), age over 33 years (OR=1.3, CI, 0.55-2.9), being employed (OR, 1.3; CI, 0.56 - 2.94), having an education of less than ten years at school (OR, 3.0; CI 1.28-7.26) and not using condoms during the last sexual act (OR 2.0, CI 0.84-4.86). The risk was less among commercial sex workers (OR, 0.3, CI: 0.14-0.85), those with multiple sexual partners (OR, 0.2; CI; 0.073-0.408) and women reporting extramarital sexual relationships (OR, 0.3; CI, 0.128-0.733). Conclusions: Education on safe sex and recognition of symptoms is currently targeted at high risk groups such as commercial sex workers. Extending these programmes to the rest of the community will further reduce the risk of transmission of trichomonas.
    Keywords Sexually transmitted diseases ; socioeconomic factors ; trichomonas vaginalis ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Medknow Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Improving diagnosis of Trichomonas Vaginalis infection in resource limited health care settings in Sri Lanka

    Sumadhya D Fernando / Sathya Herath / Chaturaka Rodrigo / Senaka Rajapakse

    Journal of Global Infectious Diseases, Vol 3, Iss 4, Pp 324-

    2011  Volume 328

    Abstract: Objective: This study was designed to compare diagnosis of trichomoniasis by culture, wet smear examination, and Giemsa stain. A modified technique was used to transport and prepare the specimen to ensure parasite viability prior to Giemsa staining. ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This study was designed to compare diagnosis of trichomoniasis by culture, wet smear examination, and Giemsa stain. A modified technique was used to transport and prepare the specimen to ensure parasite viability prior to Giemsa staining. Materials and Methods: A clinic-based prospective study was carried out in association with the National STD/AIDS Control Programme over a period of 18 months. Three swabs were collected from the posterior fornix of 346 newly registered female patients for diagnosis of trichomoniasis. A wet smear was prepared using the first swab. The second swab was placed in 5 mL of 0.9% saline with three drops of 5% glucose at room temperature and centrifuged twice at a low speed prior to preparation of a Giemsa stained smear. The third swab was for culture. The three tests were performed independently. The specificity and sensitivity of the wet smear and Giemsa stain were compared to culture. Results: With culture, the prevalence of trichomoniasis was 6.9% (95% CI: 4.1-9.3%). The Giemsa-stained smear was found to be highly sensitive (100%, 95% CI: 86.2-100%) and specific (99.69%, 95% CI: 98.26-99.95%) compared to culture. The wet smear was less sensitive (95.83%, 95% CI: 79.76-99.26%) but equally specific (100%, 95% CI: 98.82-100%). Conclusion: In developing countries, facilities for using culture are limited and wet smear examination in the field is also difficult due to the immediate need for laboratory facilities. Our study demonstrated that, in this setting, using a transport medium prior to Giemsa staining is a feasible alternative, with a high-diagnostic yield.
    Keywords Culture ; Giemsa stain ; Sensitivity ; Specificity ; Trichomonas vaginalis ; Wet smear ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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