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  1. Book ; Online ; E-Book: Traumatic brain injury

    Whitfield, Peter C. / Welbourne, Jessie / Thomas, Elfyn / Summers, Fiona / Whyte, Maggie / Hutchinson, Peter J.

    a multidisciplinary approach

    2020  

    Author's details edited by Peter C. Whitfield, Jessie Welbourne, Elfyn Thomas, Fiona Summers, Maggie Whyte, Peter J. Hutchinson
    Keywords Brain / Wounds and injuries
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 400 Seiten), Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Edition Second edition
    Publisher Cambridge University Press
    Publishing place Cambridge
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book ; Online ; E-Book
    Remark Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
    HBZ-ID HT020451461
    ISBN 978-1-108-35524-7 ; 9781108430869 ; 1-108-35524-2 ; 1108430864
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: Multiple sclerosis, emotion perception and social functioning.

    Radlak, Bogna / Cooper, Clare / Summers, Fiona / Phillips, Louise H

    Journal of neuropsychology

    2021  Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 500–515

    Abstract: People with multiple sclerosis (MS) can experience problems in interpreting others' emotions from faces or voices. However, to date little is known about whether difficulties in emotion perception in MS are related to broader aspects of social ... ...

    Abstract People with multiple sclerosis (MS) can experience problems in interpreting others' emotions from faces or voices. However, to date little is known about whether difficulties in emotion perception in MS are related to broader aspects of social functioning. Also, there are few studies reporting the effect of MS on more ecologically valid assessments of emotion perception using multimodal videos. The current study looks at (1) the effect of MS on perceiving emotions from faces, voices and multimodal videos; (2) the possible role of slowed processing and executive dysfunction in emotion perception problems in MS and (3) the relationship between emotion perception and broader social functioning in MS. 53 people with MS and 31 healthy controls completed tasks of emotion perception and cognition, and assessed their levels of social support and social participation. Participants with MS performed worse than demographically matched controls on all measures of emotion perception. Emotion perception performance was related to cognitive measures in those with MS. Also, significant associations were found between emotion perception difficulties in MS and poorer social function. In particular, people with MS who had poorer emotion perception also reported lower levels of social support from their friends, and regression analysis showed that this prediction was maintained even when disease severity and cognitive function were taken into account. These results show that problems with emotion perception in MS extend to more realistic tasks and may predict key aspects of social functioning.
    MeSH term(s) Cognition ; Emotions ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/complications ; Perception ; Social Interaction
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2380753-2
    ISSN 1748-6653 ; 1748-6645
    ISSN (online) 1748-6653
    ISSN 1748-6645
    DOI 10.1111/jnp.12237
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Quantitative Assessment of Secondary Healthcare Utilisation by Patients With Functional Abdominal Pain.

    MacVicar, Emma / Insch, Pauline / Summers, Fiona / Bruce, Duff / Ramsay, George

    Cureus

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) e25145

    Abstract: There is increasing awareness of the impact functional conditions have on the National Health Service (NHS). Less is known about the resources used to manage these conditions. This retrospective quantitative audit aims to determine the demographic and ... ...

    Abstract There is increasing awareness of the impact functional conditions have on the National Health Service (NHS). Less is known about the resources used to manage these conditions. This retrospective quantitative audit aims to determine the demographic and healthcare utilisation of functional abdominal pain patients presenting to the hospital. The most frequent hospital attenders with non-specific abdominal pain in NHS Grampian, 2018-2019, were assessed (n=144). Adult patients meeting the ROME II diagnostic criteria for functional abdominal pain diagnosis were included (n=33). Data were retrospectively collected manually from electronic medical records. Of 33 patients, 93.9% were female, with a mean age of 31.2 years. Each had accessed a mean of 11.5 specialist services, with 69.7% being referred to mental health services; 9.1% had completed treatment. Each patient had a median 4 (range 1-26) emergency/unscheduled presentations to hospital and median 2 (range 0-13) admissions for functional abdominal pain during the study period, with a total of 247 nights spent in hospital by this patient cohort for functional abdominal pain alone. The estimated total cost for these hospital admissions was £593,786.00. Extensive secondary-care input is currently required for patients with functional abdominal pain at a significant cost. Patients are re-presenting to the hospital frequently, which suggests that current management is not effective.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.25145
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Development of immunoblotting techniques for DNA radical detection

    Summers, Fiona A / Mason, Ronald P / Ehrenshaft, Marilyn

    Free radical biology & medicine. 2013 Mar., v. 56

    2013  

    Abstract: Radical damage to DNA has been implicated in cell death, cellular dysfunction, and cancer. A recently developed method for detecting DNA radicals uses the nitrone spin trap DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide) to trap radicals. The trapped radicals ... ...

    Abstract Radical damage to DNA has been implicated in cell death, cellular dysfunction, and cancer. A recently developed method for detecting DNA radicals uses the nitrone spin trap DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide) to trap radicals. The trapped radicals then decay into stable nitrone adducts detectable with anti-DMPO antibodies and quantifiable by ELISA or dot-blot assay. However, the sequences of DNA that are damaged are likely to be as important as the total level of damage. Therefore, we have developed immunoblotting methods for detection of DNA nitrone adducts on electrophoretically separated DNA, comparable to Western blotting for proteins. These new techniques not only allow the assessment of relative radical adduct levels, but can reveal specific DNA fragments, and ultimately nucleotides, as radical targets. Moreover, we have determined that denaturation of samples into single-stranded DNA enhances the detection of DNA–DMPO adducts in our new blotting methods and also in ELISA.
    Keywords DNA damage ; Western blotting ; antibodies ; cell death ; denaturation ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; free radicals ; nucleotide sequences ; nucleotides ; proteins ; single-stranded DNA
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-03
    Size p. 64-71.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 807032-5
    ISSN 1873-4596 ; 0891-5849
    ISSN (online) 1873-4596
    ISSN 0891-5849
    DOI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.550
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: The nature of anger in people with multiple sclerosis: a qualitative study.

    Laing, Christianne M / Cooper, Clare L / Summers, Fiona / Lawrie, Louisa / O'Flaherty, Shibeal / Phillips, Louise H

    Psychology & health

    2019  Volume 35, Issue 7, Page(s) 824–837

    Abstract: Objective: ...

    Abstract Objective:
    MeSH term(s) Activities of Daily Living/psychology ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Anger ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Sclerosis/psychology ; Qualitative Research ; Quality of Life/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 625255-2
    ISSN 1476-8321 ; 0887-0446
    ISSN (online) 1476-8321
    ISSN 0887-0446
    DOI 10.1080/08870446.2019.1691726
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Free radical generation from an aniline derivative in HepG2 cells: a possible captodative effect.

    Horinouchi, Yuya / Summers, Fiona A / Ehrenshaft, Marilyn / Mason, Ronald P

    Free radical biology & medicine

    2015  Volume 78, Page(s) 111–117

    Abstract: Xenobiotic metabolism can induce the generation of protein radicals, which are believed to play an important role in the toxicity of chemicals and drugs. It is therefore important to identify chemical structures capable of inducing macromolecular free ... ...

    Abstract Xenobiotic metabolism can induce the generation of protein radicals, which are believed to play an important role in the toxicity of chemicals and drugs. It is therefore important to identify chemical structures capable of inducing macromolecular free radical formation in living cells. In this study, we evaluated the ability of four structurally related environmental chemicals, aniline, nitrosobenzene, N,N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (DMNA), to induce free radicals and cellular damage in the hepatoma cell line HepG2. Cytotoxicity was assessed using lactate dehydrogenase assays, and morphological changes were observed using phase contrast microscopy. Protein free radicals were detected by immuno-spin trapping using in-cell western experiments and confocal microscopy to determine the subcellular locale of free radical generation. DMNA induced free radical generation, lactate dehydrogenase release, and morphological changes in HepG2 cells, whereas aniline, nitrosobenzene, N,N-dimethylaniline did not. Confocal microscopy showed that DMNA induced free radical generation mainly in the cytosol. Preincubation of HepG2 cells with N-acetylcysteine and 2,2'-dipyridyl significantly prevented free radical generation on subsequent incubation with DMNA, whereas preincubation with apocynin and dimethyl sulfoxide had no effect. These results suggest that DMNA is metabolized to reactive free radicals capable of generating protein radicals which may play a critical role in DMNA toxicity. We propose that the captodative effect, the combined action of the electron-releasing dimethylamine substituent, and the electron-withdrawing nitroso substituent, leads to a thermodynamically stabilized radical, facilitating enhanced protein radical formation by DMNA.
    MeSH term(s) Aniline Compounds/pharmacology ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinogens/pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology ; Free Radicals/metabolism ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Nitroso Compounds/pharmacology ; Spin Trapping
    Chemical Substances Aniline Compounds ; Carcinogens ; Free Radical Scavengers ; Free Radicals ; Nitroso Compounds ; 4-nitrosodimethylaniline (138-89-6) ; N,N-dimethylaniline (7426719369) ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) ; aniline (SIR7XX2F1K) ; nitrosobenzene (ZI9W9E8G2Z)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 807032-5
    ISSN 1873-4596 ; 0891-5849
    ISSN (online) 1873-4596
    ISSN 0891-5849
    DOI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.577
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Photooxidation of Amplex red to resorufin: Implications of exposing the Amplex red assay to light

    Zhao, Baozhong / Summers, Fiona A / Mason, Ronald P

    Free radical biology & medicine. 2012 Sept. 1, v. 53, no. 5

    2012  

    Abstract: The Amplex Red assay, a fluorescent assay for the detection of H2O2, relies on the reaction of H2O2 and colorless, nonfluorescent Amplex Red with a 1:1 stoichiometry to form colored, fluorescent resorufin, catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). We ... ...

    Abstract The Amplex Red assay, a fluorescent assay for the detection of H2O2, relies on the reaction of H2O2 and colorless, nonfluorescent Amplex Red with a 1:1 stoichiometry to form colored, fluorescent resorufin, catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). We have found that resorufin is artifactually formed when Amplex Red is exposed to light. In the absence of H2O2 and HRP, the absorption and fluorescence spectra of Amplex Red changed during exposure to ambient room light or instrumental excitation light, clearly indicating that the fluorescent product resorufin had formed. This photochemistry was initiated by trace amounts of resorufin that are present in Amplex Red stock solutions. ESR spin-trapping studies demonstrated that superoxide radical was an intermediate in this process. Oxygen consumption measurements further confirmed that superoxide and H2O2 were artifactually produced by the photooxidation of Amplex Red. The artifactual formation of resorufin was also significantly increased by the presence of superoxide dismutase or HRP. This photooxidation process will result in a less sensitive assay for H2O2 under ambient light exposure and potentially invalid measurements under high energy exposure such as UVA irradiation. In general, precautions should be taken to minimize exposure to light during measurement of oxidative stress with Amplex Red.
    Keywords absorption ; energy ; fluorescence ; hydrogen peroxide ; irradiation ; oxidative stress ; oxygen consumption ; peroxidase ; photooxidation ; stoichiometry ; superoxide anion ; superoxide dismutase
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2012-0901
    Size p. 1080-1087.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 807032-5
    ISSN 1873-4596 ; 0891-5849
    ISSN (online) 1873-4596
    ISSN 0891-5849
    DOI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.06.034
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Identification of proteins susceptible to thiol oxidation in endothelial cells exposed to hypochlorous acid and N-chloramines.

    Summers, Fiona A / Forsman Quigley, Anna / Hawkins, Clare L

    Biochemical and biophysical research communications

    2012  Volume 425, Issue 2, Page(s) 157–161

    Abstract: Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a potent oxidant produced by the enzyme myeloperoxidase, which is released by neutrophils under inflammatory conditions. Although important in the immune system, HOCl can also damage host tissue, which contributes to the ... ...

    Abstract Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a potent oxidant produced by the enzyme myeloperoxidase, which is released by neutrophils under inflammatory conditions. Although important in the immune system, HOCl can also damage host tissue, which contributes to the development of disease. HOCl reacts readily with free amino groups to form N-chloramines, which also cause damage in vivo, owing to the extracellular release of myeloperoxidase and production of HOCl. HOCl and N-chloramines react readily with cellular thiols, which causes dysfunction via enzyme inactivation and modulation of redox signaling processes. In this study, the ability of HOCl and model N-chloramines produced on histamine and ammonia at inflammatory sites, to oxidize specific thiol-containing proteins in human coronary artery endothelial cells was investigated. Using a proteomics approach with the thiol-specific probe, 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein, we show that several proteins including peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A), protein disulfide isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and galectin-1 are particularly sensitive to oxidation by HOCl and N-chloramines formed at inflammatory sites. This will contribute to cellular dysfunction and may play a role in inflammatory disease pathogenesis.
    MeSH term(s) Chloramines/toxicity ; Cyclophilin A/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/drug effects ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Fluoresceins/chemistry ; Galectin 1/metabolism ; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypochlorous Acid/toxicity ; Molecular Probes/chemistry ; Oxidants/toxicity ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Disulfide-Isomerases/metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Chloramines ; Fluoresceins ; Galectin 1 ; Molecular Probes ; Oxidants ; Proteins ; Sulfhydryl Compounds ; 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein (63368-54-7) ; Hypochlorous Acid (712K4CDC10) ; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases (EC 1.2.1.-) ; Cyclophilin A (EC 5.2.1.-) ; Protein Disulfide-Isomerases (EC 5.3.4.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-08-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 205723-2
    ISSN 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
    ISSN (online) 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X
    ISSN 0006-291X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.057
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Photooxidation of Amplex Red to resorufin: implications of exposing the Amplex Red assay to light.

    Zhao, Baozhong / Summers, Fiona A / Mason, Ronald P

    Free radical biology & medicine

    2012  Volume 53, Issue 5, Page(s) 1080–1087

    Abstract: The Amplex Red assay, a fluorescent assay for the detection of H(2)O(2), relies on the reaction of H(2)O(2) and colorless, nonfluorescent Amplex Red with a 1:1 stoichiometry to form colored, fluorescent resorufin, catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) ...

    Abstract The Amplex Red assay, a fluorescent assay for the detection of H(2)O(2), relies on the reaction of H(2)O(2) and colorless, nonfluorescent Amplex Red with a 1:1 stoichiometry to form colored, fluorescent resorufin, catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). We have found that resorufin is artifactually formed when Amplex Red is exposed to light. In the absence of H(2)O(2) and HRP, the absorption and fluorescence spectra of Amplex Red changed during exposure to ambient room light or instrumental excitation light, clearly indicating that the fluorescent product resorufin had formed. This photochemistry was initiated by trace amounts of resorufin that are present in Amplex Red stock solutions. ESR spin-trapping studies demonstrated that superoxide radical was an intermediate in this process. Oxygen consumption measurements further confirmed that superoxide and H(2)O(2) were artifactually produced by the photooxidation of Amplex Red. The artifactual formation of resorufin was also significantly increased by the presence of superoxide dismutase or HRP. This photooxidation process will result in a less sensitive assay for H(2)O(2) under ambient light exposure and potentially invalid measurements under high energy exposure such as UVA irradiation. In general, precautions should be taken to minimize exposure to light during measurement of oxidative stress with Amplex Red.
    MeSH term(s) Hydrogen Peroxide/analysis ; Oxazines/chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; Photochemical Processes ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Chemical Substances Oxazines ; Amplex Red (119171-73-2) ; resorufin (635-78-9) ; Hydrogen Peroxide (BBX060AN9V)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-07-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 807032-5
    ISSN 1873-4596 ; 0891-5849
    ISSN (online) 1873-4596
    ISSN 0891-5849
    DOI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.06.034
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Development of immunoblotting techniques for DNA radical detection.

    Summers, Fiona A / Mason, Ronald P / Ehrenshaft, Marilyn

    Free radical biology & medicine

    2012  Volume 56, Page(s) 64–71

    Abstract: Radical damage to DNA has been implicated in cell death, cellular dysfunction, and cancer. A recently developed method for detecting DNA radicals uses the nitrone spin trap DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide) to trap radicals. The trapped radicals ... ...

    Abstract Radical damage to DNA has been implicated in cell death, cellular dysfunction, and cancer. A recently developed method for detecting DNA radicals uses the nitrone spin trap DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide) to trap radicals. The trapped radicals then decay into stable nitrone adducts detectable with anti-DMPO antibodies and quantifiable by ELISA or dot-blot assay. However, the sequences of DNA that are damaged are likely to be as important as the total level of damage. Therefore, we have developed immunoblotting methods for detection of DNA nitrone adducts on electrophoretically separated DNA, comparable to Western blotting for proteins. These new techniques not only allow the assessment of relative radical adduct levels, but can reveal specific DNA fragments, and ultimately nucleotides, as radical targets. Moreover, we have determined that denaturation of samples into single-stranded DNA enhances the detection of DNA-DMPO adducts in our new blotting methods and also in ELISA.
    MeSH term(s) Cyclic N-Oxides/chemistry ; DNA/analysis ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Free Radicals/analysis ; Immunoblotting/methods ; Molecular Structure
    Chemical Substances Cyclic N-Oxides ; Free Radicals ; 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide (7170JZ1QF3) ; DNA (9007-49-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-11-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 807032-5
    ISSN 1873-4596 ; 0891-5849
    ISSN (online) 1873-4596
    ISSN 0891-5849
    DOI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.550
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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