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Article ; Online: A natural butter glyceride as a plasticizer for improving thermal, mechanical, and biodegradable properties of poly(lactide acid).

Sun, Yufa / Sun, Gang

International journal of biological macromolecules

2024 Volume 263, Issue Pt 2, Page(s) 130366

Abstract: Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biobased and biodegradable thermoplastic polyester with great potential to replace petroleum-based plastics. However, its poor toughness and slow biodegradation rate affect broad applications of PLA in many areas. In this study, ...

Abstract	Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biobased and biodegradable thermoplastic polyester with great potential to replace petroleum-based plastics. However, its poor toughness and slow biodegradation rate affect broad applications of PLA in many areas. In this study, a glycerol triester existing in natural butter, glycerol tributyrate, was creatively explored and compared with previously investigated triacetin and tributyl citrate, as potential plasticizers of PLA for achieving improved mechanical and biodegradation performances. The compatibilities of these agents with PLA were assessed quantitively via the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) and measured by using different testing methods. The incorporation of these compounds with varied contents ranging from 1 to 30 % in PLA altered thermal, mechanical, and biodegradation properties consistently, and the relationship and impacts of chemical structures and properties of these agents were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that glycerol tributyrate is a novel excellent plasticizer for PLA and the addition of this triester not only effectively reduced the glass transition, cold crystallization, and melting temperatures and Young's modulus, but also led to a significant improvement in the enzymatic degradation rate of the plasticized PLA. This study paves a way for the development of sustainable and eco-friendly food grade plasticized PLA products.
MeSH term(s)	Plasticizers/chemistry ; Polymers/chemistry ; Glycerol ; Polyesters/chemistry ; Dioxanes
Chemical Substances	poly(lactide) (459TN2L5F5) ; Plasticizers ; Polymers ; dilactide (95-96-5) ; Glycerol (PDC6A3C0OX) ; Polyesters ; Dioxanes
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130366
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Article ; Online: Amorphous solidification of a supercooled liquid in the limit of rapid cooling.

Sun, Gang / Harrowell, Peter

The Journal of chemical physics

2023 Volume 158, Issue 20

Abstract: We monitor the transformation of a liquid into an amorphous solid in simulations of a glass forming liquid by measuring the variation of a structural order parameter with either changing temperature or potential energy to establish the influence of the ... ...

Abstract	We monitor the transformation of a liquid into an amorphous solid in simulations of a glass forming liquid by measuring the variation of a structural order parameter with either changing temperature or potential energy to establish the influence of the cooling rate on amorphous solidification. We show that the latter representation, unlike the former, exhibits no significant dependence on the cooling rate. This independence extends to the limit of instantaneous quenches, which we find can accurately reproduce the solidification observed during slow cooling. We conclude that amorphous solidification is an expression of the topography of the energy landscape and present the relevant topographic measures.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3113-6
ISSN	1089-7690 ; 0021-9606
ISSN (online)	1089-7690
ISSN	0021-9606
DOI	10.1063/5.0150312
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Book: Assessment of agricultural non-point source pollutants, and the management of agricultural soils

Yun, Sun-Gang

(Extension bulletin / Food & Fertilizer Technology Center ; 522)

2002

Author's details	Sun-Gang Yun
Series title	Extension bulletin / Food & Fertilizer Technology Center ; 522 Extension bulletin / Food & Fertilizer Technology Center, Asian and Pacific Council
Collection	Extension bulletin / Food & Fertilizer Technology Center, Asian and Pacific Council
Language	English
Size	5 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
Publisher	FFTC
Publishing place	Taipei
Publishing country	Taiwan
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT014677636
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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054/1794	available for loan (reading room)	Freihandmagazin (U1)

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Article: Chitosan as a promising materials for the construction of nanocarriers for diabetic retinopathy: an updated review.

Lv, Yan / Zhai, Chenglei / Sun, Gang / He, Yangfang

Journal of biological engineering

2024 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 18

Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a condition that causes swelling of the blood vessels of the retina and leaks blood and fluids. It is the most severe form of diabetic eye disease. It causes vision loss in its advanced stage. Diabetic retinopathy is ... ...

Abstract	Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a condition that causes swelling of the blood vessels of the retina and leaks blood and fluids. It is the most severe form of diabetic eye disease. It causes vision loss in its advanced stage. Diabetic retinopathy is responsible for causing 26% of blindness. Very insufficient therapies are accessible for the treatment of DR. As compared to the conventional therapies, there should be enhanced research on the controlled release, shorter duration, and cost-effective therapy of diabetic retinopathy. The expansion of advanced nanocarriers-based drug delivery systems has been now employed to exploit as well as regulate the transport of many therapeutic agents to target sites via the increase in penetration or the extension of the duration of contact employing production by enclosing as well as distributing tiny molecules in nanostructured formulation. Various polymers have been utilized for the manufacturing of these nanostructured formulations. Chitosan possesses incredible biological and chemical properties, that have led to its extensive use in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Chitosan has been used in many studies because of its enhanced mucoadhesiveness and non-toxicity. Multiple studies have used chitosan as the best candidate for manufacturing nanocarriers and treating diabetic retinopathy. Numerous nanocarriers have been formulated by using chitosan such as nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, and dendrimers for treating diabetic retinopathy. This current review elaborates on the recent advancements of chitosan as a promising approach for the manufacturing of nanocarriers that can be used for treating diabetic retinopathy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2391582-1
ISSN	1754-1611
ISSN	1754-1611
DOI	10.1186/s13036-024-00414-7
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Article ; Online: RAB5A in triple-negative breast cancer: a critical role in macrophage reshaping in an exosomal miR-21-dependent manner.

Qiao, Lei / Dong, Chao / Jia, Wenlei / Sun, Gang

Endocrine-related cancer

2024 Volume 31, Issue 5

Abstract: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in females, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized as one of the main subtypes of breast cancer, with poor prognosis and limited treatments. Investigating the molecular basis ... ...

Abstract	Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in females, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized as one of the main subtypes of breast cancer, with poor prognosis and limited treatments. Investigating the molecular basis or discovering relevant oncogenes will greatly help in developing effective targeted therapies. In this study, we ascertained that RAB5A depletion in TNBC cells suppresses the secretion of exosomes and blocks the polarization of macrophages toward an M2 phenotype. By scanning miRNAs associated with macrophage polarization, we identified that miR-21 was the pivotal component in tumor cell-derived exosomes and played a key role in RAB5A-mediated macrophage polarization. The enhanced expression of miR-21 in macrophages is able to potentiate the M2 polarization of macrophages in the presence of tumor cells. Pellino-1 (PELI1) was subsequently identified as the target of miR-21, and forced PELI1 expression partially abrogated the M2 polarization of macrophages induced by miR-21 overexpression. Macrophages stimulated with RAB5A-depleted TNBC cells (coculture, conditioned medium or exosomes) impaired their capability to promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. In vivo xenograft experiments further confirmed that RAB5A knockdown TNBC cells exhibited reduced tumor formation and impaired tumor-associated macrophage recruitment. These studies shed light on the potential underlying mechanism of RAB5A-mediated macrophage polarization in an exosomal miR-21-dependent manner and provide an experimental basis for the development of RAB5A- or exosome-based tumor therapeutic strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Exosomes/metabolism ; Macrophages ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
Chemical Substances	MicroRNAs ; MIRN21 microRNA, human ; RAB5C protein, human (EC 3.6.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1218450-0
ISSN	1479-6821 ; 1351-0088
ISSN (online)	1479-6821
ISSN	1351-0088
DOI	10.1530/ERC-23-0257
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Article ; Online: A general structural order parameter for the amorphous solidification of a supercooled liquid.

Sun, Gang / Harrowell, Peter

The Journal of chemical physics

2022 Volume 157, Issue 2, Page(s) 24501

Abstract: The persistent problem posed by the glass transition is to develop a general atomic level description of amorphous solidification. The answer proposed in this paper is to measure a configuration's capacity to restrain the motion of the constituent atoms. ...

Abstract	The persistent problem posed by the glass transition is to develop a general atomic level description of amorphous solidification. The answer proposed in this paper is to measure a configuration's capacity to restrain the motion of the constituent atoms. Here, we show that the instantaneous normal modes can be used to define a measure of atomic restraint that accounts for the difference between fragile and strong liquids and the collective length scale of the supercooled liquid. These results represent a significant simplification of the description of amorphous solidification and provide a powerful systematic treatment of the influence of microscopic factors on the formation of an amorphous solid.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3113-6
ISSN	1089-7690 ; 0021-9606
ISSN (online)	1089-7690
ISSN	0021-9606
DOI	10.1063/5.0094386
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Article ; Online: Mechanisms and Performances of Physically and Chemically Crosslinked Gelatin-Based Hydrogels as Advanced Sustainable and Reusable "Jelly Ice Cube" Coolants.

Zou, Jiahan / Wang, Luxin / Sun, Gang

ACS applied materials & interfaces

2023 Volume 15, Issue 28, Page(s) 34087–34096

Abstract: A novel reusable, plastic-free, and stable cooling medium, Jelly Ice Cubes (JIC), is developed based on crosslinked gelatin hydrogels for sustainable temperature control. A novel process involving a rapid-freezing-slow-thawing treatment and a subsequent ... ...

Abstract	A novel reusable, plastic-free, and stable cooling medium, Jelly Ice Cubes (JIC), is developed based on crosslinked gelatin hydrogels for sustainable temperature control. A novel process involving a rapid-freezing-slow-thawing treatment and a subsequent photo-crosslinking reaction induced by menadione sodium bisulfite, a newly discovered photosensitizer, is able to effectively consolidate a three-dimensional (3-D) hydrogel network to survive repeated application freeze-thaw cycles (AFTCs). This study reveals the mechanisms and evidence of the synergistic effects of the physical and chemical crosslinking reactions. The results experimentally prove that the rapid-freezing-slow-thawing treatment induces the generation of gelatin microcrystalline domains, refines the protein polymeric network, and reduces the intervening distance for subsequent photo-crosslinking sites. The refined hydrogel 3-D network is consolidated by the photo-crosslinking reaction occurring at the intersectional areas of the gelatin microcrystalline domains. The proposed crosslinking approach yields JICs with superior mechanical properties, robustness, and consistent water content, even after repeated AFTCs, all the while retaining cooling efficiency and biodegradability. The proposed crosslinked hydrogel structure is potentially applicable to engineering other hydrogel materials, offering sustainble and biodegradable solutions with enhanced resilience against phase changes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1944-8252
ISSN (online)	1944-8252
DOI	10.1021/acsami.3c06658
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The expression of Rab5 and its effect on invasion, migration and exosome secretion in triple negative breast cancer.

Qiao, Lei / Dong, Chao / Zhang, Jiaojiao / Sun, Gang

The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology

2023 Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 157–165

Abstract: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and current therapeutic strategies are limited in their effectiveness. The expressions of Rab5 and the M2 tumor-associated macrophage marker CD163 in tissues were ... ...

Abstract	Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and current therapeutic strategies are limited in their effectiveness. The expressions of Rab5 and the M2 tumor-associated macrophage marker CD163 in tissues were detected by Western blot. The migration and invasion of cells were determined using a Transwell assay. The expressions of the exosome markers were evaluated by Western blot. The polarization of human macrophages (THP-1) was determined by incubation of THP-1 cells with conditioned medium or exosomes collected from MDA-MB-231 cells with indicated transfections or by a coculture system of THP-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The M1 and M2 macrophage markers were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The expression of Rab5 in TNBC was significantly higher than that in normal breast tissue. Rab5 expressions in triple-negative and luminal A breast cancer were higher than those in other molecular subtypes. Higher CD163 expression was observed in triple-negative breast cancer and in triple-negative and luminal B subtypes. Rab5 knockdown suppressed but Rab5 overexpression promoted the migration and invasion capacity of MDA-MB-231 cells. The levels of CD63 and CD9 in the medium of Rab5 knockdown cells were lower than those in control cells, whereas higher levels of CD63 and CD9 were observed in Rab5 overexpression cells. Rab5 knockdown decreased the excretion but did not alter the diameter of the exosomes. Knockdown of Rab5 facilitated the anti-tumor polarization of macrophages, which was partially reversed by Rab5 overexpression. Therefore, Rab5 is expected to be a potential therapeutic target for triple-negative breast cancer.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-23
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1387595-4
ISSN	2093-3827 ; 1226-4512
ISSN (online)	2093-3827
ISSN	1226-4512
DOI	10.4196/kjpp.2023.27.2.157
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Article: Policy Disparities Between Singapore and Israel in Response to the First Omicron Wave.

Ma, Rongcai / Shi, Leiyu / Sun, Gang

Risk management and healthcare policy

2023 Volume 16, Page(s) 489–502

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate public health measures during the first Omicron wave in Singapore and Israel to inform other countries confronted by COVID-19 outbreaks.: Methods: A comparative analysis was conducted using ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate public health measures during the first Omicron wave in Singapore and Israel to inform other countries confronted by COVID-19 outbreaks. Methods: A comparative analysis was conducted using epidemiological data from Singapore and Israel between November 25th, 2021 and May 2nd, 2022 and policy information to examine the effects of public health measures in the two countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Public health measures implemented by Singapore and Israel in response to the first Omicron wave were primarily intended to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. In Singapore, the pandemic led to more than 910,000 confirmed cases, a mortality rate of approximately 0.047%, a hospitalization rate of approximately 10.95%, and a severe illness rate of approximately 0.48%, without a second peak. In Israel, the pandemic not only resulted in over 2.74 million confirmed cases, a mortality rate of 0.095%, a hospitalization rate of about 7.39%, and a severe illness rate of approximately 2.30% but also returned after the significant relaxation of prevention regulations from March 1st, 2022. Conclusion: Early and strict border control measures and surveillance measures are more effective in preventing and controlling the rapid spread of new strains of COVID-19 in the early stage. Furthermore, to prevent and control this highly infectious disease, COVID-19 vaccinations and booster shots must be promoted as soon as possible, medical service capacity must be enhanced, the hierarchical medical system must be improved, and non-pharmacological interventions must be implemented.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2495128-6
ISSN	1179-1594
ISSN	1179-1594
DOI	10.2147/RMHP.S402813
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Article ; Online: Efficiency and equity of bed utilization in China's health institutions: based on the rank-sum ratio method.

Zhang, Hang / Shi, Leiyu / Yang, Junyan / Sun, Gang

International journal for equity in health

2023 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 177

Abstract: Objective: The study aimed to analyze the efficiency and equity of bed utilization in Please check if the section headings are assigned to appropriate levels.China's healthcare institutions and to compare and analyze the overall health resource ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The study aimed to analyze the efficiency and equity of bed utilization in Please check if the section headings are assigned to appropriate levels.China's healthcare institutions and to compare and analyze the overall health resource utilization efficiency in recent years and some specific utilization conditions in 2021, to provide empirical experience for the allocation of health care resources in epidemic China. Methods: To compare and analyze the overall health resource utilization efficiency of the whole country with that of the East, middle, and West in 2021, and to analyze the bed utilization efficiency of different types of healthcare institutions in China and the bed utilization efficiency of various types of specialist hospitals in the country in 2021 by using the rank-sum ratio method. Results: In 2021, the bed utilization rate of China's health institutions was 69.82%, and the number of bed turnover times was 27.65 times; the bed utilization rate of hospitals was 74.6%, and the number of bed turnover times was 26.08 times. The number of hospital bed turnovers was highest in the western region, lowest in the central region, and close to the national average in the eastern region. The average length of stay for discharged patients was the highest in the central region, the lowest in the eastern region, and the same as the national average in the western region. The analysis of rank-sum ratio method shows that among different types of health institutions' bed utilization efficiency (r = 0.935, P = 0.000), general hospitals and traditional Chinese medicine hospitals have the best bed utilization rate, and the bed utilization rate of community health service centers (stations) needs to be improved; while among various types of specialized hospitals' bed utilization efficiency (r = 0.959, P = 0.000), oncology hospitals, thoracic hospitals, and hematology hospitals, children's hospitals have high bed utilization efficiency; leprosy hospitals, cosmetic hospitals, and stomatology hospitals have low bed utilization efficiency. Health technicians per 1,000 population are highest in the western region, lowest in the central region, and lower in the eastern region than in the western region but slightly higher than the national average. The number of beds in health institutions per 1,000 population is the highest in the central region, the lowest in the eastern region, and slightly lower in the northwest than in the central region but higher than the national average. Conclusion: China's investment in health funding in the field of health care has been on the rise in recent years. However, there still exists the situation of uneven investment in health expenses and inconsistent medical efficiency among regions. And change such a status quo can be further improved in terms of government, capital, human resources, technology, information system, and so on.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Equipment and Supplies, Hospital ; Health Facilities ; China ; Community Health Centers ; Hospitals, Pediatric
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2092056-8
ISSN	1475-9276 ; 1475-9276
ISSN (online)	1475-9276
ISSN	1475-9276
DOI	10.1186/s12939-023-01986-4
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