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  1. Article: Vaping: Public Health, Social Media, and Toxicity.

    Sun, Yehao / Prabhu, Prital / Li, Dongmei / McIntosh, Scott / Rahman, Irfan

    Online journal of public health informatics

    2024  Volume 16, Page(s) e53245

    Abstract: This viewpoint aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of vaping from various perspectives that contribute to the invention, development, spread, and consequences of e-cigarette products and vaping. Our analysis showed that the specific ... ...

    Abstract This viewpoint aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of vaping from various perspectives that contribute to the invention, development, spread, and consequences of e-cigarette products and vaping. Our analysis showed that the specific characteristics of e-cigarette products as well as marketing strategies, especially social media marketing, fostered the spread of vaping and the subsequent effects on human health and toxicity. We analyzed the components of e-cigarette devices and e-liquids, including the latest variants whose impacts were often overlooked. The different forms of nicotine, including salts and freebase nicotine, tobacco-derived nicotine, tobacco-free nicotine, and cooling agents (WS3 and WS23), have brought more choices for vapers along with more ways for e-cigarette manufacturers to advertise false understandings and present a greater threat to vapers' health. Our work emphasized the products of brands that have gained significant influence recently, which are contributing to severe public health issues. On the other hand, we also discussed in detail the toxicity of e-liquid components and proposed a toxicity mechanism. We also noticed that nicotine and other chemicals in e-liquids promote each other's negative effects through the oxidative stress and inflammatory nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, a mechanism leading to pulmonary symptoms and addiction. The impact of government regulations on the products themselves, including flavor bans or regulations, has been limited. Therefore, we proposed further interventions or harm reduction strategies from a public health perspective.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-11
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2606835-7
    ISSN 1947-2579
    ISSN 1947-2579
    DOI 10.2196/53245
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Classification, Perception, and Toxicity of Emerging Flavored Oral Nicotine Pouches.

    Shaikh, Sadiya Bi / Newton, Chad / Tung, Wai Cheung / Sun, Yehao / Li, Dongmei / Ossip, Deborah / Rahman, Irfan

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2023  Volume 20, Issue 5

    Abstract: Introduction: Oral Nicotine Pouches (ONPs) are the new form of nicotine pouches that have become a type of emerging smokeless tobacco product sold by various tobacco companies. These smokeless tobacco products are marketed for usage all over as snus ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Oral Nicotine Pouches (ONPs) are the new form of nicotine pouches that have become a type of emerging smokeless tobacco product sold by various tobacco companies. These smokeless tobacco products are marketed for usage all over as snus containing tobacco-derived nicotine (natural) or as tobacco-free nicotine (synthetic) as substitutes for other tobacco products. Based on perception and socio-behavioral aspects, ONPs have become popular tobacco products among adolescents/young adults, and over 50% of young adult users of ONP use flavored ONPs, such as menthol/mint, tobacco, dessert/candy, and fruity, which are the most popular flavors. Various new ONP flavors are currently popular locally as well as in the online market. Tobacco, menthol, and fruit-flavored ONPs could motivate cigarette smokers to change to ONPs.
    Methods: We expanded our knowledge on natural/synthetic ONP flavor wheels to available data on ONPs, describing, in detail, their flavors and brands (US and Europe) in both natural and synthetic ONP categories. We classified over 152 snus and 228 synthetic ONPs into the following flavor categories: "Tobacco", "Menthol/Mint", "Fruity", "Candy/Deserts", "Drink", "Aroma", "Spices", and "Mixed Flavors".
    Results: Based on total numbers, we found the most popular ONP flavors, sold as tobacco and menthol, to be among natural ONPs; among synthetic ONPs, fruity and menthol are the most prominent flavors, with varying concentrations of nicotine and other flavoring chemicals, including coolant WS-23. We also showed possible molecular targets and toxicities, due to exposure to ONPs, activating several signaling cascades such as AKT and NF-kappaB, which might possibly lead to apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT).
    Conclusions: Considering the marketing of ONP products with various flavor profiles and with most of these products containing tobacco/menthol/fruit flavor, it is likely to have regulation and a marketing disclaimer on some of these products. Further, it would be logical to determine how the market reacts in terms of compliance and non-compliance with flavor restrictions by the regulatory agencies.
    MeSH term(s) Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Nicotine ; Menthol ; Flavoring Agents ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Tobacco Products ; Vaping ; Perception
    Chemical Substances Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R) ; Menthol (1490-04-6) ; Flavoring Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph20054526
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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