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  1. Article ; Online: Bilateral cochlear implants in a MELAS patient.

    Sun, Yung-Chen / Chou, Yu-Pu / Ho, Pei-Hsuan / Chen, Xiang-Xiang / Chen, Pey-Yu / Chu, Chia-Huei / Lin, Hung-Ching

    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disease that affects various systems in the body, particularly the brain, nervous system, and muscles. Among these ... ...

    Abstract Background: Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disease that affects various systems in the body, particularly the brain, nervous system, and muscles. Among these systems, sensorineural hearing loss is a common additional symptom.
    Methods: A 42-year-old female patient with MELAS who experienced bilateral profound deafness and underwent bilateral sequential cochlear implantation (CIs). Speech recognition and subjective outcomes were evaluated.
    Results: Following the first CI follow-up, the patient exhibited improved speech recognition ability and decided to undergo the implantation of the second ear just two months after the initial CI surgery. The second CI also demonstrated enhanced speech recognition ability. Subjective outcomes were satisfactory for bilateral CIs.
    Conclusions: MELAS patients receiving bilateral CIs can attain satisfactory post-CI speech recognition, spatial hearing, and sound qualities.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-26
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1017359-6
    ISSN 1434-4726 ; 0937-4477
    ISSN (online) 1434-4726
    ISSN 0937-4477
    DOI 10.1007/s00405-024-08532-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book ; Online: Iterative, Deep Synthetic Aperture Sonar Image Segmentation

    Sun, Yung-Chen / Gerg, Isaac D. / Monga, Vishal

    2022  

    Abstract: Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) systems produce high-resolution images of the seabed environment. Moreover, deep learning has demonstrated superior ability in finding robust features for automating imagery analysis. However, the success of deep learning ... ...

    Abstract Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) systems produce high-resolution images of the seabed environment. Moreover, deep learning has demonstrated superior ability in finding robust features for automating imagery analysis. However, the success of deep learning is conditioned on having lots of labeled training data, but obtaining generous pixel-level annotations of SAS imagery is often practically infeasible. This challenge has thus far limited the adoption of deep learning methods for SAS segmentation. Algorithms exist to segment SAS imagery in an unsupervised manner, but they lack the benefit of state-of-the-art learning methods and the results present significant room for improvement. In view of the above, we propose a new iterative algorithm for unsupervised SAS image segmentation combining superpixel formation, deep learning, and traditional clustering methods. We call our method Iterative Deep Unsupervised Segmentation (IDUS). IDUS is an unsupervised learning framework that can be divided into four main steps: 1) A deep network estimates class assignments. 2) Low-level image features from the deep network are clustered into superpixels. 3) Superpixels are clustered into class assignments (which we call pseudo-labels) using $k$-means. 4) Resulting pseudo-labels are used for loss backpropagation of the deep network prediction. These four steps are performed iteratively until convergence. A comparison of IDUS to current state-of-the-art methods on a realistic benchmark dataset for SAS image segmentation demonstrates the benefits of our proposal even as the IDUS incurs a much lower computational burden during inference (actual labeling of a test image). Finally, we also develop a semi-supervised (SS) extension of IDUS called IDSS and demonstrate experimentally that it can further enhance performance while outperforming supervised alternatives that exploit the same labeled training imagery.

    Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2107.14563
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2022-03-28
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
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  3. Article ; Online: Phase separation driven by interchangeable properties in the intrinsically disordered regions of protein paralogs.

    Chiu, Shih-Hui / Ho, Wen-Lin / Sun, Yung-Chen / Kuo, Jean-Cheng / Huang, Jie-Rong

    Communications biology

    2022  Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) 400

    Abstract: Paralogs, arising from gene duplications, increase the functional diversity of proteins. Protein functions in paralog families have been extensively studied, but little is known about the roles that intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) play in their ... ...

    Abstract Paralogs, arising from gene duplications, increase the functional diversity of proteins. Protein functions in paralog families have been extensively studied, but little is known about the roles that intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) play in their paralogs. Without a folded structure to restrain them, IDRs mutate more diversely along with evolution. However, how the diversity of IDRs in a paralog family affects their functions is unexplored. Using the RNA-binding protein Musashi family as an example, we applied multiple structural techniques and phylogenetic analysis to show how members in a paralog family have evolved their IDRs to different physicochemical properties but converge to the same function. In this example, the lower prion-like tendency of Musashi-1's IDRs, rather than Musashi-2's, is compensated by its higher α-helical propensity to assist their assembly. Our work suggests that, no matter how diverse they become, IDRs could evolve different traits to a converged function, such as liquid-liquid phase separation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Phylogeny ; Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2399-3642
    ISSN (online) 2399-3642
    DOI 10.1038/s42003-022-03354-4
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  4. Article ; Online: Long-term auditory performance and psychosocial benefits of cochlear implantation in Mandarin-speaking older adults.

    Lee, Yi-Hao / Ho, Pei-Hsuan / Chen, Pey-Yu / Chen, Xiang-Xiang / Sun, Yung-Chen / Chu, Chia-Huei / Lin, Hung-Ching

    American journal of otolaryngology

    2023  Volume 44, Issue 4, Page(s) 103876

    Abstract: Purpose: Although previous studies have shown the efficacy of cochlear implants (CIs) in older adults, no study written in English has focused on Mandarin-speaking older recipients. Mandarin is a tonal language, it is hard to lip-read and tone ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Although previous studies have shown the efficacy of cochlear implants (CIs) in older adults, no study written in English has focused on Mandarin-speaking older recipients. Mandarin is a tonal language, it is hard to lip-read and tone recognition for CI users. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term post-CI outcomes in Mandarin-speaking older adults and the difference between them and younger recipients.
    Materials and methods: Forty-six post-lingually deafened adults were included. Speech perception tests (vowel, consonant, disyllable words, Mandarin monosyllable recognition test, and categories of audiology performance were evaluated) and psychosocial scale were evaluated.
    Results: There were no significant differences between older and younger recipients in post-CI open-set speech perception. However, older recipients had significantly lower social and total scores in the subjective questionnaire than younger recipients. In both duration of deafness less than seven years and hearing years in life over 92.6 %, older recipients had no less capable speech perception than in younger.
    Conclusion: Mandarin-speaking older recipients can improve not only speech perception but also psychosocial benefits. Well hearing experience may confer an advantage to older recipients, despite their older implanted age. These results can help provide pre-CI consultation guidelines for older Mandarin-speaking recipients.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Cochlear Implantation/methods ; Deafness/surgery ; Cochlear Implants ; Speech Perception ; Language
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604541-8
    ISSN 1532-818X ; 0196-0709
    ISSN (online) 1532-818X
    ISSN 0196-0709
    DOI 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103876
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  5. Book ; Online: Iterative, Deep, and Unsupervised Synthetic Aperture Sonar Image Segmentation

    Sun, Yung-Chen / Gerg, Isaac D. / Monga, Vishal

    2021  

    Abstract: Deep learning has not been routinely employed for semantic segmentation of seabed environment for synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) imagery due to the implicit need of abundant training data such methods necessitate. Abundant training data, specifically ... ...

    Abstract Deep learning has not been routinely employed for semantic segmentation of seabed environment for synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) imagery due to the implicit need of abundant training data such methods necessitate. Abundant training data, specifically pixel-level labels for all images, is usually not available for SAS imagery due to the complex logistics (e.g., diver survey, chase boat, precision position information) needed for obtaining accurate ground-truth. Many hand-crafted feature based algorithms have been proposed to segment SAS in an unsupervised fashion. However, there is still room for improvement as the feature extraction step of these methods is fixed. In this work, we present a new iterative unsupervised algorithm for learning deep features for SAS image segmentation. Our proposed algorithm alternates between clustering superpixels and updating the parameters of a convolutional neural network (CNN) so that the feature extraction for image segmentation can be optimized. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method on a realistic benchmark dataset. Our results show that the performance of our proposed method is considerably better than current state-of-the-art methods in SAS image segmentation.

    Comment: IEEE OCEANS 2021
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
    Subject code 006 ; 004
    Publishing date 2021-07-30
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
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  6. Article ; Online: Galectin-3 aggravates microglial activation and tau transmission in tauopathy.

    Siew, Jian Jing / Chen, Hui-Mei / Chiu, Feng-Lan / Lee, Chia-Wei / Chang, Yao-Ming / Chen, Hung-Lin / Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Anh / Liao, Hung-Ting / Liu, Mengyu / Hagar, Hsiao-Tien / Sun, Yung-Chen / Lai, Hsing-Lin / Kuo, Min-Hao / Blum, David / Buée, Luc / Jin, Lee-Way / Chen, Shih-Yu / Ko, Tai-Ming / Huang, Jie-Rong /
    Kuo, Hung-Chih / Liu, Fu-Tong / Chern, Yijuang

    The Journal of clinical investigation

    2024  Volume 134, Issue 2

    Abstract: Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques, aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau), and microglia activation. Galectin-3 (Gal3) is a β-galactoside-binding protein that has been implicated in amyloid pathology. ... ...

    Abstract Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques, aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau), and microglia activation. Galectin-3 (Gal3) is a β-galactoside-binding protein that has been implicated in amyloid pathology. Its role in tauopathy remains enigmatic. Here, we showed that Gal3 was upregulated in the microglia of humans and mice with tauopathy. pTau triggered the release of Gal3 from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia in both its free and extracellular vesicular-associated (EV-associated) forms. Both forms of Gal3 increased the accumulation of pathogenic tau in recipient cells. Binding of Gal3 to pTau greatly enhanced tau fibrillation. Besides Gal3, pTau was sorted into EVs for transmission. Moreover, pTau markedly enhanced the number of EVs released by iMGL in a Gal3-dependent manner, suggesting a role of Gal3 in biogenesis of EVs. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis of the hippocampus of a mouse model of tauopathy (THY-Tau22) revealed a group of pathogenic tau-evoked, Gal3-associated microglia with altered cellular machineries implicated in neurodegeneration, including enhanced immune and inflammatory responses. Genetic removal of Gal3 in THY-Tau22 mice suppressed microglia activation, reduced the level of pTau and synaptic loss in neurons, and rescued memory impairment. Collectively, Gal3 is a potential therapeutic target for tauopathy.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Galectin 3/genetics ; Galectin 3/metabolism ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microglia/pathology ; tau Proteins/genetics ; tau Proteins/metabolism ; Tauopathies/genetics ; Tauopathies/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Galectin 3 ; tau Proteins ; LGALS3 protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3067-3
    ISSN 1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
    ISSN (online) 1558-8238
    ISSN 0021-9738
    DOI 10.1172/JCI165523
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  7. Article ; Online: Liquid-liquid phase separation and extracellular multivalent interactions in the tale of galectin-3.

    Chiu, Yi-Ping / Sun, Yung-Chen / Qiu, De-Chen / Lin, Yu-Hao / Chen, Yin-Quan / Kuo, Jean-Cheng / Huang, Jie-Rong

    Nature communications

    2020  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 1229

    Abstract: Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) explains many intracellular activities, but its role in extracellular functions has not been studied to the same extent. Here we report how LLPS mediates the extracellular function of galectin-3, the only monomeric ... ...

    Abstract Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) explains many intracellular activities, but its role in extracellular functions has not been studied to the same extent. Here we report how LLPS mediates the extracellular function of galectin-3, the only monomeric member of the galectin family. The mechanism through which galectin-3 agglutinates (acting as a "bridge" to aggregate glycosylated molecules) is largely unknown. Our data show that its N-terminal domain (NTD) undergoes LLPS driven by interactions between its aromatic residues (two tryptophans and 10 tyrosines). Our lipopolysaccharide (LPS) micelle model shows that the NTDs form multiple weak interactions to other galectin-3 and then aggregate LPS micelles. Aggregation is reversed when interactions between the LPS and the carbohydrate recognition domains are blocked by lactose. The proposed mechanism explains many of galectin-3's functions and suggests that the aromatic residues in the NTD are interesting drug design targets.
    MeSH term(s) Agglutination ; Galectin 3/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism ; Micelles ; Protein Aggregates ; Protein Domains
    Chemical Substances Galectin 3 ; Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ; LGALS3 protein, human ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Micelles ; Protein Aggregates
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-020-15007-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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