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Article ; Online: Humane shelter at home

Bhramar Mukherjee / Ramnath Subbaraman / Lakshmi Ganapathi / David E Bloom / Sunil Suhas Solomon

BMJ Global Health, Vol 6, Iss

a call to reimagine a core pandemic intervention

2021 Volume 8

Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Retrospective Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance in Streptococcus spp. from HIV Patients (2012–2017) from Southern India

Chinnambedu Ravichandran Swathirajan / Marimuthu Ragavan Rameshkumar / Sunil Suhas Solomon / Ramachandran Vignesh / Pachamuthu Balakrishnan

Advanced Biomedical Research, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 1

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Changing antibiotic resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from HIV patients (2012-2017) in Southern India.

Chinnambedu, Ravichandran Swathirajan / Marimuthu, Ragavan Rameshkumar / Sunil, Suhas Solomon / Amrose, Pradeep / Ramachandran, Vignesh / Pachamuthu, Balakrishnan

Journal of infection and public health

2019 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 75–79

Abstract: Purpose: Emergence of multidrug-resistant and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in HIV patients limit the treatment options and challenge the clinical management of infections. The periodic monitoring of S. aureus infections ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Emergence of multidrug-resistant and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in HIV patients limit the treatment options and challenge the clinical management of infections. The periodic monitoring of S. aureus infections and its drug resistance profile in HIV patients are of paramount importance in clinical management. Materials and methods: A total of 7204 clinical specimens from HIV patients from 2012 to 2017 were processed for the isolation of S. aureus strains using conventional culture techniques and cultures were identified using standard biochemical test. Antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus strains was tested by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: A total of 380 (5.3%) S. aureus strains were isolated from HIV patients in the study period. High percentage of S. aureus strains were isolates from urine (69.5%) specimen and 58.4% of S. aureus infections were noted among hospitalized patients. Antibiotic susceptibility profile reveals S. aureus was highly resistant to penicillin (95.2%) followed by cephalexin (84.6%). Methicillin resistance was highly observed in the year 2017 (86%) and the rate of MRSA steadily increasing from 51.8% in 2012 to 86% in 2017. Significant increase of S. aureus infections (35%; p<0.001) and MRSA (76%; p=0.0007) were observed in the year 2016. Conclusions: This study reports the increasing trends of S. aureus infections and MRSA among HIV patients from Southern India. Multidrug-resistance profile of S. aureus could complicate the selection of proper antibiotic regimens and time cure of HIV patients.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Female ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/microbiology ; Humans ; India ; Male ; Methicillin/pharmacology ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; Middle Aged ; Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/urine ; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Methicillin (Q91FH1328A)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1876-035X
ISSN (online)	1876-035X
DOI	10.1016/j.jiph.2019.06.015
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Bacterial etiology and antibiotic resistance profile of bloodstream infections in human immunodeficiency virus patients from Southern India

Chinnambedu Ravichandran Swathirajan / Marimuthu Ragavan Rameshkumar / Sunil Suhas Solomon / Amrose Pradeep / Devaraj Ajay Chithra / Ramasamy Balakrishnan / Ramachandran Vignesh / Pachamuthu Balakrishnan

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 82-

2019 Volume 82

Keywords	Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Awareness of and willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men in India

Ashwin Belludi / Allison M McFall / Sunil Suhas Solomon / David D Celentano / Shruti H Mehta / A K Srikrishnan / M Suresh Kumar / Suniti Solomon / Gregory M Lucas

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 2, p e

Results from a multi-city cross-sectional survey.

2021 Volume 0247352

Abstract: Introduction Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in reducing HIV transmission among key populations. In India, where PrEP is not currently part of the national HIV program, little is known about PrEP awareness, willingness to use PrEP, and ... ...

Abstract	Introduction Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in reducing HIV transmission among key populations. In India, where PrEP is not currently part of the national HIV program, little is known about PrEP awareness, willingness to use PrEP, and barriers to uptake among people who inject drugs (PWID) and men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods We used respondent-driven sampling to accrue PWID and MSM in 22 sites from August 2016 to May 2017. Participants were asked about awareness of PrEP, willingness to use PrEP (following a brief description) and reasons why they might not be willing to use PrEP. Participants were also queried on preferences for PrEP delivery modality (oral vs. injectable). Multi-level logistic regression models were used to determine participant correlates of willingness to use PrEP. Estimates were weighted for the sampling method. Results A total of 10,538 PWID and 8,621 MSM who self-reported being HIV-negative were included in the analysis. Only 6.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.9, 6.3) of PWID and 8.0% of MSM (95% CI: 7.7, 8.4) were aware of PrEP. However, willingness to use PrEP was substantially higher in both groups: 52.4% of PWID and 67.6% of MSM. Participants commonly cited a perceived low risk for acquiring HIV infection, being perceived by others as being HIV-positive, and side effects as reasons why they would be unwilling to use PrEP. Among PWID, sharing needles and hazardous alcohol use were associated with increased willingness to use PrEP. Among MSM, having a main male partner and injection drug use were associated with increased willingness to use PrEP. Preference for daily oral or monthly injectable PrEP was similar among MSM (39.6%% vs. 41.7%,), while PWID were more likely to prefer oral to injectable administration routes (56.3% vs. 31.1%). Conclusions As India plans to roll-out of PrEP in the public sector, our multi-city survey of PWID and MSM highlights the need for key population-focused education campaigns about PrEP and self-assessment of risk.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC, and carbapenemase-producing genes in gram-negative bacterial isolates from human immunodeficiency virus infected patients

Marimuthu Ragavan Rameshkumar / Narasingam Arunagirinathan / Balasubramanian Senthamilselvan / Chinnambedu Ravichandran Swathirajan / Sunil Suhas Solomon / Ramachandran Vignesh / Pachamuthu Balakrishnan / Reem M. Aljowaie / Khalid S. Almaary / Tse-Wei Chen

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Vol 14, Iss 12, Pp 1881-

2021 Volume 1886

Abstract: Background: Progressive decline of immune response in HIV patients makes them susceptible to frequent bacterial infections. High usage of antibiotics influences the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and worsens the clinical outcomes. In this ... ...

Abstract	Background: Progressive decline of immune response in HIV patients makes them susceptible to frequent bacterial infections. High usage of antibiotics influences the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and worsens the clinical outcomes. In this study, the occurrence of drug-resistant genes in Gram-negative bacterial isolates from HIV patients in South India was analyzed. Methods: A total of 173 Gram-negative bacterial (GNB) isolates from HIV patients were screened for antibiotic susceptibility profile using the Kirby-Bauer diskdiffusion method. Positivity of drug-resistant genes was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction method. Results: In this study, 72.8% of bacterial isolates were obtained from urine specimens, and Escherichia coli (47.4%) was the predominantly isolated bacterium. Overall, 87.3% and 83.2% of GNB were resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics such as cefotaxime and ceftazidime, respectively, 56.6% were resistant to cephamycin (cefoxitin) and 43% to carbapenem (imipenem) antibiotics. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) production was noted among 79.5% of GNB isolates, followed by AmpC (57.1%) and Metallo β-lactamases (37.3%). Molecular analysis revealed that ESBL genes such as blaTEM (94.1%), blaCTX-M (89.2%), and blaSHV (24.2%) were detected at higher levels among GNB isolates. Carbapenemase-producing genes such as blaOXA-48 (20%), blaOXA-23 (2.6%), and both blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 like genes (2.6%) and AmpC producing genes such as blaCIT (26.7%), blaDHA (3.6%), and blaACC (1.8%) were detected at low-level. Conclusions: This study concludes that ESBL producing genes are detected at high level among gram-negative bacterial isolates from HIV patients in South India.
Keywords	HIV patients ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Extended-spectrum β-lactamases ; Multidrug-resistant ; blaCTX-M ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Cost-effective HIV-1 virological monitoring in resource-limited settings using a modified commercially available qPCR RNA assay

Boobalan, Jayaseelan / Andrea Torti / Thongadi Ramesh Dinesha / Sunil Suhas Solomon / Pachamuthu Balakrishnan / Shanmugam Saravanan

Journal of virological methods. 2017 Oct., v. 248

2017

Abstract: Virological monitoring through plasma viral load (PVL) quantification is essential for clinical management of HIV patients undergoing antiretroviral treatment (ART), and for detecting treatment failure. Quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based tests are the gold ... ...

Abstract	Virological monitoring through plasma viral load (PVL) quantification is essential for clinical management of HIV patients undergoing antiretroviral treatment (ART), and for detecting treatment failure. Quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based tests are the gold standard for measuring PVL. Largely because of their high cost, however, implementation of these tests in low- and middle-income countries fails to cover the testing demand. In this study, we aimed at reducing the running cost of the commercially available Abbott RealTimeâ¢ HIV-1 assay by minimizing the reagent consumption. To this end, a modified version of the assay was obtained by reducing the assayâs reagents volume to about a half, and validated using a panel of 104 plasma samples. Compared to the standard version, the modified Abbott assay allowed for a 50% reduction in running costs. At the same time, it showed a 100% concordance in identifying samples with detectable viral load, strong correlation (Pearsonâs r=0.983, P<0.0001), and a high agreement between PVL values (mean percent difference between PVL valuesÂ±standard deviation=0.76Â±3.18%). In detecting viral failure (PVL>1000copiesmLâ1), the modified assay showed a sensitivity of 94.6%, a specificity of 93.8%, and a negative and positive predictive values of 93.8% and 94.6%, respectively. The modified assay therefore reliably quantifies PVL, predicts viral failure, and allows for a ca. 50% reduction in the assayâs running costs. It may thus be implemented as an ART monitoring tool in resource-limited settings and for research purposes.
Keywords	Human immunodeficiency virus 1 ; RNA ; antiretroviral agents ; cost effectiveness ; monitoring ; patients ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; viral load
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-10
Size	p. 71-76.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	8013-5
ISSN	1879-0984 ; 0166-0934
ISSN (online)	1879-0984
ISSN	0166-0934
DOI	10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.05.007
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Do the clonally different Escherichia coli isolates causing different infections in a HIV positive patient affect the selection of antibiotics for their treatment?

Marimuthu Ragavan Rameshkumar / Narasingam Arunagirinathan / Chinnambedu Ravichandran Swathirajan / Ramachandran Vignesh / Pachamuthu Balakrishnan / Sunil Suhas Solomon

Indian Journal of Medical Research, Vol 148, Iss 3, Pp 341-

2018 Volume 344

Keywords	Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Detection of blaNDM-1 and blaNDM-5 genes among Gram-negative bacteria isolated from human immunodeficiency virus patients in South India

Marimuthu Ragavan Rameshkumar / Narasingam Arunagirinathan / Purushothaman Indu / Chinnambedu Ravichandran Swathirajan / Sunil Suhas Solomon / Ramachandran Vignesh / Pachamuthu Balakrishnan

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 112-

2018 Volume 112

Keywords	Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Performance characteristics of an instrument-free point-of-care CD4 test (VISITECT®CD4) for use in resource-limited settings

Vairamohan Vidhyavathi / Hussain Syed Iqbal / Kannaiyan Kanthamani / Sunil Suhas Solomon / Paneerselvam Nandagopal / Stanley Luchters / Minh D. Pham / James Forbes / Suzanne M. Crowe / Christopher McMurran / David A. Anderson / Pachamuthu Balakrishnan

Journal of International Medical Research, Vol

2020 Volume 48

Abstract: Objective CD4+ T lymphocyte count remains the most common biomarker of immune status and disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. VISITECT®CD4 is an instrument-free, low-cost point-of-care CD4 test with a cut-off of ...

Abstract	Objective CD4+ T lymphocyte count remains the most common biomarker of immune status and disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. VISITECT®CD4 is an instrument-free, low-cost point-of-care CD4 test with a cut-off of 350 CD4 cells/μL. This study aimed to evaluate VISITECT®CD4 test's diagnostic accuracy. Methods Two hundred HIV-positive patients attending a tertiary HIV centre in South India were recruited. Patients provided venous blood for reference and VISITECT®CD4 tests. An additional finger-prick blood sample was obtained for VISITECT®CD4. VISITECT®CD4's diagnostic performance in identifying individuals with CD4 counts ≤350 cells/μL was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) taking flow cytometry as the reference. Results The overall agreement between VISITECT®CD4 and flow cytometry was 89.5% using venous blood and 81.5% using finger-prick blood. VISITECT®CD4 showed better performance using venous blood [sensitivity: 96.6% (95% confidence interval: 92.1%–98.9%), specificity: 70.9% (57.1%–82.4%), PPV: 89.7% (83.9%–94.0%) and NPV: 88.6% (75.4%–96.2%)] than using finger-prick blood [sensitivity: 84.8% (77.9%–90.2%), specificity: 72.7% (59.0%–83.9%), PPV: 89.1% (82.7%–93.8%) and NPV: 64.5% (51.3%–76.3%)]. Conclusion VISITECT®CD4 performed well using venous blood, demonstrating its potential utility in decentralization of CD4 testing services in resource-constrained settings.
Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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