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  1. Article: Analysis of the gut microbiome to validate a mouse model of pellagra.

    Susai, Natsumi / Kuroita, Tomohiro / Kuronuma, Koji / Yoshioka, Takeshi

    Bioscience of microbiota, food and health

    2022  Volume 41, Issue 2, Page(s) 73–82

    Abstract: Pellagra is caused by an abnormal intake and/or use of niacin, but its phenotypes are diverse. The phenotypes of pellagra can also be atypical, such as nausea. We previously reported a mouse model of pellagra-related nausea. However, the mechanism of ... ...

    Abstract Pellagra is caused by an abnormal intake and/or use of niacin, but its phenotypes are diverse. The phenotypes of pellagra can also be atypical, such as nausea. We previously reported a mouse model of pellagra-related nausea. However, the mechanism of this model is unclear. In this study, we found that the gut microbiota, which is thought to be a source of niacin, played an important role in the development of pellagra-related nausea in germ-free mice. We also investigated the gut microbiome. We compared urinary niacin metabolite levels and the dermal response between mice fed a normal diet and those fed a low-niacin diet to investigate the putative trigger of pellagra. Epoxyeicosatrienoic and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid levels were higher in mice fed a low-niacin diet compared with those fed a normal diet. Furthermore, histological studies indicated a dermatological response to the low-niacin diet. Interestingly, higher levels of oxidised fatty acids in response to the germ-free state were also observed. These findings indicate successful establishment of our newly established mouse model of pellagra via the gut microbiota. We believe that this model could enable the discovery of the putative cause of pellagra and phenotypes of pellagra that have not been recognised yet.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-24
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2186-6953
    ISSN 2186-6953
    DOI 10.12938/bmfh.2021-059
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Protective effect of

    Kuronuma, Koji / Susai, Natsumi / Kuroita, Tomohiro / Yoshioka, Takeshi / Saito, Atsushi / Chiba, Hirofumi

    Bioscience of microbiota, food and health

    2023  Volume 42, Issue 3, Page(s) 195–202

    Abstract: Pellagra is caused by abnormal intake and/or use of nicotinic acid and is known in part to be induced by the use of medications such as isoniazid or pirfenidone. We previously investigated atypical phenotypes of pellagra, such as nausea, using a mouse ... ...

    Abstract Pellagra is caused by abnormal intake and/or use of nicotinic acid and is known in part to be induced by the use of medications such as isoniazid or pirfenidone. We previously investigated atypical phenotypes of pellagra, such as nausea, using a mouse model of pellagra and found that gut microbiota play an important role in the development of these phenotypes. Here, we investigated the effect of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-09
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2186-6953
    ISSN 2186-6953
    DOI 10.12938/bmfh.2022-042
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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  3. Article: Analysis of real-world data and a mouse model indicates that pirfenidone causes pellagra.

    Kuronuma, Koji / Susai, Natsumi / Kuroita, Tomohiro / Yamamoto, Hiroki / Yoshioka, Takeshi / Kaneko, Shuji / Chiba, Hirofumi

    ERJ open research

    2022  Volume 8, Issue 4

    Abstract: Background: Pirfenidone (PFD) is widely used in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and its adverse effects, such as nausea and photosensitivity, are well known. Many patients with IPF have reduced doses or even cessation of PFD because of ...

    Abstract Background: Pirfenidone (PFD) is widely used in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and its adverse effects, such as nausea and photosensitivity, are well known. Many patients with IPF have reduced doses or even cessation of PFD because of its side-effects. No solutions have been found for these side-effects because the current mechanistic insights are insufficient.
    Methods: Using the results of real-world data analysis from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System, we hypothesised that PFD-related symptoms may be similar to pellagra. Reverse translational experiments using female BALB/c mice were performed to validate and estimate this hypothesis. Niacin and its metabolite responses were compared between patients with IPF treated with PFD and those treated without PFD.
    Results: The pellagra hypothesis was translated from real-world data analysis. Pharmacological and comprehensive genetic investigations showed that PFD caused pellagra-related nausea and photosensitivity in a mouse model, which may have been mediated by the actions of nicotinamide
    Conclusions: PFD may cause pellagra or pellagra-like symptoms such as photosensitivity. Further studies are required to investigate whether niacin prevents pellagra-like symptoms caused by PFD in patients with IPF.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2827830-6
    ISSN 2312-0541
    ISSN 2312-0541
    DOI 10.1183/23120541.00245-2022
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Distinct features of SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity against Omicron breakthrough infection.

    Goto, Takeyuki / Chong, Yong / Tani, Naoki / Susai, Natsumi / Yoshinaga, Tomoyo / Sasaki, Tomoki / Taniguchi, Masahiro / Kusakabe, Takahiro / Shimono, Nobuyuki / Akashi, Koichi / Ikematsu, Hideyuki

    Vaccine

    2023  Volume 41, Issue 47, Page(s) 7019–7025

    Abstract: Background: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron breakthrough infection (Omicron-BTI) after vaccination has been frequently observed. A more detailed understanding of the humoral immunity against Omicron-BTI is required.: Methods: We measured strain-specific live- ... ...

    Abstract Background: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron breakthrough infection (Omicron-BTI) after vaccination has been frequently observed. A more detailed understanding of the humoral immunity against Omicron-BTI is required.
    Methods: We measured strain-specific live-virus based neutralizing activity, anti-spike IgG, and anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG titers in individuals with Omicron/BA.1-BTI and directly compared them with controls with diverse combinations of wild-type (WT) mRNA vaccination and infection history.
    Results: Omicron-BTI individuals showed markedly higher neutralizing titers against all the WT, Delta, and Omicron strains in convalescent sera, compared with unvaccinated Omicron-infection individuals with only Omicron neutralizing activity. Similar tendencies were found in strain-specific anti-spike and anti-RBD IgG titers. The Omicron-specificity (BA.1/WT neutralizing ratio), Omicron-neutralizing efficiency per antibody unit, and anti-Omicron RBD-directivity of anti-spike antibodies in Omicron-BTI individuals were all significantly lower than those in unvaccinated Omicron-infection individuals, but they were equivalent to or higher than those in uninfected vaccinees. The induction of Omicron-specific neutralizing activity after Omicron-BTI was not weakened for eight months from the last vaccination.
    Conclusions: These findings suggest that cross-reactive vaccine-induced immunity was intensively stimulated following Omicron breakthrough infection, which contributed to Omicron neutralization. Measuring SARS-CoV-2 variant-specific antibody levels as well as neutralizing activity is useful for evaluating humoral immunity after breakthrough infection in the current situation of antigenic gaps between vaccinated and epidemic (Omicron sub-lineages) strains.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Immunity, Humoral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Breakthrough Infections ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin G ; Antibodies, Neutralizing
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin G ; Antibodies, Neutralizing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-17
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.035
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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