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Article ; Online: The ectopic mandibular canines can start tooth formation in three different locations: a case series study based on single orthopantomograms from 47 individuals.

Svanholt, P / Svanholt, M / Thomsen, J / Kjær, I

European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry

2024 Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) 191–199

Abstract: Introduction: A former study on orthopantomograms from young children with abnormal dental development (not canine ectopia) demonstrated that the tooth bud of the mandibular canine, compared to a stable longitudinal canine axis, could be located ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: A former study on orthopantomograms from young children with abnormal dental development (not canine ectopia) demonstrated that the tooth bud of the mandibular canine, compared to a stable longitudinal canine axis, could be located normally, anteriorly or posteriorly, with close relation to the first premolar. Aim: The aim of the present study is to analyse on orthopantomograms if the canine axis can demonstrate where the ectopic mandibular canine started tooth formation. Materials: The material consists of orthopantomograms with ectopic mandibular canines and presence of primary mandibular canines from 47 cases (29 cases 9-21 years old and 18 cases with unknown ages). The primary canines demonstrated from minor apical resorption to more severe apical resorption. Methods: Based on canine maturity, location of the canine axes and the interrelationships between the roots of the permanent canine and first premolar, the location from where the canine started tooth formation was determined. Canine maturity. Maturity stage below half root length and maturity stage above half root length revealed that 11 ectopic canines had less than half root length and 36 cases more than half root length. Canine axes. The canine axis, through the length of the primary canines Ax, is inserted on drawings of the orthopantomograms using the tracing programme Inkscape®. Interrelationship between roots. By visual inspection, the distance between the canine and first premolar was designated close distance, normal distance and extended distance. Results: The results are divided into 3 groups. Group 1: The initial site of the permanent ectopic canine is located within the canine axis (6 cases). Group 2: The initial site of the permanent ectopic canine is located posterior to the canine axis (36 cases). Group 3: The initial site of the permanent ectopic canine is located anterior to the canine axis (5 cases). Conclusion: The study explained that the canine axis could divide cases of ectopic canines into three groups according to the location from where tooth formation starts. For getting closer to the pattern of the ectopic canine eruption, it is necessary to analyse series of orthopantomograms taken from the same individual over several years.
MeSH term(s)	Radiography, Panoramic ; Cuspid/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Tooth Eruption, Ectopic/diagnostic imaging ; Mandible/diagnostic imaging ; Young Adult ; Male ; Female ; Tooth Root/diagnostic imaging ; Tooth Root/abnormalities ; Odontogenesis/physiology ; Tooth, Deciduous/diagnostic imaging ; Bicuspid/diagnostic imaging ; Bicuspid/abnormalities
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2472851-2
ISSN	1996-9805 ; 1818-6300
ISSN (online)	1996-9805
ISSN	1818-6300
DOI	10.1007/s40368-024-00865-y
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Article ; Online: The location of the permanent mandibular canine as identified in orthopantomograms from children younger than 5 years of age: a case series study.

Kjær, I / Svanholt, M / Svanholt, P

European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry

2023 Volume 24, Issue 5, Page(s) 613–619

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this case series study is to describe where the crowns of the permanent mandibular canines are located in early childhood in relation to the preceding primary canines.: Materials and methods: From a sample of 31 orthopantomograms from ...

Abstract	Aim: The aim of this case series study is to describe where the crowns of the permanent mandibular canines are located in early childhood in relation to the preceding primary canines. Materials and methods: From a sample of 31 orthopantomograms from children, younger than 5 years of age, the location of the mandibular canines was analysed by visual inspection. The radiographs were taken due to different deviations in the dentition and forwarded during a period of 28 years for elucidating different diagnostic questions. From an embryological point of view, the primary canine was considered as a stable structure in the jawbone. A longitudinal axis through the primary canine was named the canine axis. The initial site of the permanent crown was the site, where the permanent lamina "placed" the tooth bud for final development. A normal site was determined when the canine axis passed though the permanent crown and a pathological site was determined when this did not happen. Results: Normal sites for the permanent crowns were observed in 19 cases and abnormal sites in 8 cases. In four cases, the interrelationship between the canine axis and the permanent crown could not be decided. The study demonstrated that the tooth germ for the permanent canine can start initial formation misplaced distally or mesially to the preceding primary tooth. Conclusion: The study demonstrates different malpositions of the initial crowns of the permanent mandibular canines in children younger than 5 years of age. The results are considered of importance for future understanding of the aetiology behind ectopic mandibular canines.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Maxilla/pathology ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Cuspid/diagnostic imaging ; Mandible/diagnostic imaging ; Tooth Crown/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2472851-2
ISSN	1996-9805 ; 1818-6300
ISSN (online)	1996-9805
ISSN	1818-6300
DOI	10.1007/s40368-023-00825-y
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Article ; Online: Long-term side effects on the temporomandibular joints and oro-facial function in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea treated with a mandibular advancement device.

Knappe, S W / Bakke, M / Svanholt, P / Petersson, A / Sonnesen, L

Journal of oral rehabilitation

2017 Volume 44, Issue 5, Page(s) 354–362

Abstract: Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in long-term treatment with a mandibular advancement device (MAD) to increase the upper airway space may develop changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the oro-facial function due to the protruded ... ...

Abstract	Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in long-term treatment with a mandibular advancement device (MAD) to increase the upper airway space may develop changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the oro-facial function due to the protruded jaw position during sleep. The aim was to investigate the influence of long-term MAD treatment on the TMJs, oro-facial function and occlusion. This prospective study included 30 men and 13 women (median age 54) with OSA [Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index (AHI): 7-57]. They were examined with the Nordic Orofacial Test Screening (NOT-S), the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the TMJs. The examination was performed before MAD treatment (T0), and 3-6 months (T1, no CBCT), 1 year (T2) and 3 years (T3) after treatment start. The results were analysed as long term (T0-T3, n = 14) and short term (T0-T2, n = 24) by t-test, Fisher's exact test and anova. Both long- and short-term analyses revealed a reduction in AHI (P < 0·002). Significant long term were increased scores in the NOT-S Interview (P < 0·045), reduced vertical overbite (P < 0·031) and increased jaw protrusive movement (P < 0·027). TMJ changes were found as joint sounds in terms of reciprocal clicking and crepitus, short term as a decrease and subsequent recurrence (P < 0·053; P < 0·037). No significant radiological changes were found. In conclusion, MAD treatment is beneficial to some OSA patients, but might induce changes in the TMJs, the oro-facial function and the occlusion. However, these changes seemed to be less harmful than previously reported with careful adaptation, control and follow-ups.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187079-8
ISSN	1365-2842 ; 0305-182X
ISSN (online)	1365-2842
ISSN	0305-182X
DOI	10.1111/joor.12485
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Article: Pharyngeal Airway Dimensions and Head Posture in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients with and without Morphological Deviations in the Upper Cervical Spine.

Sonnesen, Liselotte / Petersson, Arne / Berg, Søren / Svanholt, Palle

Journal of oral & maxillofacial research

2017 Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) e4

Abstract: Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyse differences in pharyngeal airway dimensions and head posture between obstructive sleep apnea patients with and without morphological deviations in the upper cervical spine and to analyse associations ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyse differences in pharyngeal airway dimensions and head posture between obstructive sleep apnea patients with and without morphological deviations in the upper cervical spine and to analyse associations between pharyngeal airway dimensions and head posture in the total sample. Material and methods: The sample comprised 53 obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients of which 32.1% had upper spine morphological deviations. Accordingly two groups were defined: 17 OSA patients with morphological deviations in the upper spine and 36 without upper spine deviations. Pharyngeal airway dimensions in terms of distances, cross-sectional areas and volume and upper spine morphological deviations were evaluated on cone-beam computed tomography. Head posture was evaluated on two-dimensional generated lateral cephalograms. Differences were analysed and adjusted for age and gender by multiple linear regression analysis. Results: OSA patients with upper spine morphological deviations had a significantly more backward and curved neck posture (OPT/HOR, P < 0.01; OPT/CVT, P < 0.05) compared to OSA patients without spine deviations. No significant differences were found in airway dimensions between patients with and without upper spine deviations. In the total group significant associations were found between head posture and pharyngeal airway distances and cross-sectional area at the nasal floor, epiglottis and hyoid bone level (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001). No significant association was found between head posture and airway volume. Conclusions: The results may contribute to differentiate obstructive sleep apnea patients and thereby may prove valuable in diagnosis and treatment planning of obstructive sleep apnea patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-30
Publishing country	Lithuania
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2580511-3
ISSN	2029-283X
ISSN	2029-283X
DOI	10.5037/jomr.2017.8304
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Article ; Online: Influence of craniofacial and upper spine morphology on mandibular advancement device treatment outcome in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a pilot study.

Svanholt, Palle / Petri, Niels / Wildschiødtz, Gordon / Sonnesen, Liselotte

European journal of orthodontics

2015 Volume 37, Issue 4, Page(s) 391–397

Abstract: Background/objectives: The aim of the study was to assess cephalometric predictive markers in terms of craniofacial morphology including posterior cranial fossa and upper spine morphology for mandibular advancement device (MAD) treatment outcome in ... ...

Abstract	Background/objectives: The aim of the study was to assess cephalometric predictive markers in terms of craniofacial morphology including posterior cranial fossa and upper spine morphology for mandibular advancement device (MAD) treatment outcome in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Material/methods: Twenty-seven OSA patients were treated with MAD for 4 weeks. Apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) was recorded before and after MAD treatment. The criteria of treatment success were 75 per cent reduction of AHI. Accordingly, two groups occurred: the success treatment group of 8 patients and the no success treatment group of 19 patients. Before MAD treatment lateral cephalograms were taken and analyses of the craniofacial morphology including the posterior cranial fossa and upper spine morphology were performed. Differences between the groups were analysed by Fisher's exact test, t-test, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Upper spine morphological deviations occurred non-significantly in 25 per cent in the success treatment group and in 42.1 per cent in the no success treatment group. Body mass index (BMI; P < 0.05), maxillary prognathism (S-N-Ss; P < 0.01), mandibular prognathism (S-N-Pg; P < 0.05 and S-N-Sm; P < 0.01), and the distance between sella turcica and the deepest point in posterior cranial fossa (S-D; P < 0.05) was significantly smaller in the success treatment group. The maxillary prognathism (P < 0.05) was the most important factor for the MAD treatment outcome (R (2) = 0.47). Limitations: Relatively small sample size. Conclusions: The results indicate that BMI, posterior cranial fossa morphology, and retrognathia of the jaws are factors related to MAD treatment outcome. Furthermore, OSA patients with upper spine morphological deviations may respond poorer to MAD treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Cephalometry/methods ; Cervical Vertebrae/pathology ; Facial Bones/pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible/pathology ; Mandibular Advancement/instrumentation ; Maxilla/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Pilot Projects ; Prognathism/complications ; Retrognathia/complications ; Sella Turcica/pathology ; Skull/pathology ; Skull Base/pathology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/therapy ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	423731-6
ISSN	1460-2210 ; 0141-5387
ISSN (online)	1460-2210
ISSN	0141-5387
DOI	10.1093/ejo/cju064
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Article ; Online: Mandibular advancement device therapy for obstructive sleep apnea: a prospective study on predictors of treatment success.

Petri, Niels / Christensen, Ib Jarle / Svanholt, Palle / Sonnesen, Liselotte / Wildschiødtz, Gordon / Berg, Søren

Sleep medicine

2018 Volume 54, Page(s) 187–194

Abstract: Objective: To survey potential predictors of success of mandibular advancement device (MAD) therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and in particular, to examine anatomical narrowings and sleep-related collapse levels in the upper airway. ...

Abstract	Objective: To survey potential predictors of success of mandibular advancement device (MAD) therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and in particular, to examine anatomical narrowings and sleep-related collapse levels in the upper airway. Methods: This was a prospective study of 62 OSA patients (median apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] of 34), who were treated with a custom-made, monobloc MAD. The upper airway was examined by inspection, nasopharyngoscopy, overnight acoustic reflectometry recording collapses, and cephalometry of soft tissue dimensions (in addition to skeletal parameters). MAD treatment was controlled by polysomnograpy before and after at least five weeks from the beginning of treatment. Independent predictors of actual reduction in AHI and treatment success (reduction in AHI ≥ 50% with residual AHI < 10) were determined, using multivariable linear and logistic regression. Results: Positional OSA (POSA) and nonsupine AHI (adjusted for upper airway narrowness and collapses, together with gender, age, body mass index, neck circumference, and baseline AHI) were the only independent predictors: POSA indicative for success, and nonsupine AHI inversely related to success. Cephalometry was not predictive. Two predictive models were proposed, one based on POSA having a specificity of 70% and sensitivity of 69%, and the other based on nonsupine AHI, generating a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (area under ROC = 0.78). Using the ROC model, specificity could be increased to 80% without lowering sensitivity. Conclusions: Only variables related to sleep position proved to be independent predictors of success with MAD therapy. The results could be explained by the MAD counteracting the mandible from moving backwards when sleeping supine.
MeSH term(s)	Cephalometry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandibular Advancement/instrumentation ; Middle Aged ; Polysomnography ; Prospective Studies ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/therapy ; Supine Position
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2012041-2
ISSN	1878-5506 ; 1389-9457
ISSN (online)	1878-5506
ISSN	1389-9457
DOI	10.1016/j.sleep.2018.09.033
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Zs.A 5315: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article: Cervical vertebral column morphology in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea assessed using lateral cephalograms and cone beam CT. A comparative study.

Sonnesen, L / Jensen, K E / Petersson, A R / Petri, N / Berg, S / Svanholt, P

Dento maxillo facial radiology

2013 Volume 42, Issue 6, Page(s) 20130060

Abstract: Objectives: Few studies have described morphological deviations in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients on two-dimensional (2D) lateral cephalograms, and the reliability of 2D radiographs has been discussed. The objective is to describe the ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Few studies have described morphological deviations in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients on two-dimensional (2D) lateral cephalograms, and the reliability of 2D radiographs has been discussed. The objective is to describe the morphology of the cervical vertebral column on cone beam CT (CBCT) in adult patients with OSA and to compare 2D lateral cephalograms with three-dimensional (3D) CBCT images. Methods: For all 57 OSA patients, the cervical vertebral column morphology was evaluated on lateral cephalograms and CBCT images and compared according to fusion anomalies and posterior arch deficiency. Results: The CBCT assessment showed that 21.1% had fusion anomalies of the cervical column, i.e. fusion between two cervical vertebrae (10.5%), block fusions (8.8%) or occipitalization (1.8%). Posterior arch deficiency occurred in 14% as partial cleft of C1 and in 3.5% in combination with block fusions. The agreement between the occurrence of morphological deviations in the cervical vertebral column between lateral cephalograms and CBCT images showed good agreement (κ = 0.64). Conclusions: Prevalence and pattern in the cervical column morphology have now been confirmed on CBCT. The occurrence of morphological deviations in the cervical vertebral column showed good agreement between lateral cephalograms and CBCT images. This indicates that 2D lateral cephalograms (already available after indication in connection with, e.g. treatment planning) are sufficient for identifying morphological deviations in the cervical vertebral column. For a more accurate diagnosis and location of the deviations, CBCT is required. New 3D methods will suggest a need for new detailed characterization and division of deviations in cervical vertebral column morphology.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Atlanto-Occipital Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Atlanto-Occipital Joint/pathology ; Cephalometry/methods ; Cephalometry/statistics & numerical data ; Cervical Atlas/diagnostic imaging ; Cervical Atlas/pathology ; Cervical Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Cervical Vertebrae/pathology ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Observer Variation ; Radiography, Dental, Digital/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnostic imaging ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/pathology ; Spinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Spinal Diseases/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-03-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	221323-0
ISSN	1476-542X ; 0250-832X ; 0349-490X
ISSN (online)	1476-542X
ISSN	0250-832X ; 0349-490X
DOI	10.1259/dmfr.20130060
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Article ; Online: Osseous osteoarthritic-like changes and joint mobility of the temporomandibular joints and upper cervical spine: is there a relation?

Sonnesen, Liselotte / Petersson, Arne / Wiese, Mie / Jensen, Karl Erik / Svanholt, Palle / Bakke, Merete

Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology

2017 Volume 123, Issue 2, Page(s) 273–279

Abstract: Objectives: To compare 1) temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mobility between patients with and without reduced upper cervical spine (UCS) mobility and with and without TMJ osseous osteoarthritic-like changes, and 2) UCS osseous changes between patients with ...

Abstract	Objectives: To compare 1) temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mobility between patients with and without reduced upper cervical spine (UCS) mobility and with and without TMJ osseous osteoarthritic-like changes, and 2) UCS osseous changes between patients with and without TMJ osseous osteoarthritic-like changes and with and without reduced UCS mobility. Study design: The study comprised 39 patients without pain from TMJ or UCS and with obstructive sleep apnea, 15 women (age range 26-72 years, mean 56.0) and 24 men (age range 27-71 years, mean 49.8). The range of motion (ROM) of the mandible and UCS was assessed clinically. Osseous changes of the TMJ and UCS were assessed by cone beam computed tomography. Differences were tested and adjusted for age and gender by multiple linear and logistic regression analyses. Results: The mandibular ROM was within normal range (45-64 mm) but the UCS ROM was reduced in 15 patients. Osseous TMJ and UCS changes were both found in 38.5% of the patients. Osseous UCS changes were found more frequently in patients with than without TMJ changes (P = .0003; odds ratio 21.9). No other significant results were found. Conclusions: The present findings of comorbid osseous changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea support a possible biomechanical relationship between the TMJ and the UCS.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Cervical Vertebrae/physiopathology ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis/diagnostic imaging ; Osteoarthritis/physiopathology ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Temporomandibular Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Temporomandibular Joint/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2650843-6
ISSN	2212-4411 ; 2212-4403
ISSN (online)	2212-4411
ISSN	2212-4403
DOI	10.1016/j.oooo.2016.10.026
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Article: Bony deviations revealed by cone beam computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint in subjects without ongoing pain.

Bakke, Merete / Petersson, Arne / Wiesel, Mie / Svanholt, Palle / Sonnesen, Liselotte

Journal of oral & facial pain and headache

2014 Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 331–337

Abstract: Aims: To assess the prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) bony changes in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of adult subjects without ongoing orofacial pain or complaints from the TMJ.: Methods: The study included 84 TMJs from 28 men ... ...

Abstract	Aims: To assess the prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) bony changes in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of adult subjects without ongoing orofacial pain or complaints from the TMJ. Methods: The study included 84 TMJs from 28 men and 14 women (mean age [± SD]: 51 ± 11 years) without orofacial pain or TMJ complaints who were participants in a study of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. They were examined before any treatment with the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders and with CBCT (NewTom VGi; 15 × 15 cm, exposure time 18 seconds, axial thickness 0.3 mm). Osseous TMJ deviations were assessed blindly and classified. Results: Degenerative changes were noted in the CBCT images of 33 (39.3%) of the TMJs, of which 21 were classified as osteoarthritic alterations and 12 as indeterminate changes of osteoarthritis. Two TMJs were clinically classified as osteoarthrosis and 6 as disc displacement with reduction. The CBCT images of the 2 TMJs with a clinical diagnosis of osteoarthrosis showed also bony changes, but the CBCT images also revealed osteoarthritic bony changes in the 18 TMJs without any clinical diagnosis. Conclusion: CBCT images of asymptomatic adult TMJs commonly show degenerative bony alterations. Accordingly, such radiographic findings should be used with care and only as a supplement to clinical assessment.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Asymptomatic Diseases ; Cartilage, Articular/diagnostic imaging ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Mandibular Condyle/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis/diagnostic imaging ; Osteophyte/diagnostic imaging ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnostic imaging ; Temporomandibular Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Temporomandibular Joint Disc/diagnostic imaging ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/diagnosis ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2014
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2762048-7
ISSN	2333-0376 ; 2333-0384
ISSN (online)	2333-0376
ISSN	2333-0384
DOI	10.11607/ofph.1255
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Article ; Online: Cervical column morphology in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.

Sonnesen, Liselotte / Petri, Niels / Kjaer, Inger / Svanholt, Palle

European journal of orthodontics

2008 Volume 30, Issue 5, Page(s) 521–526

Abstract: Cervical column morphology was examined in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and compared with the cervical morphology of an adult control group with neutral occlusion, normal craniofacial morphology, and no history of sleep apnoea. The ... ...

Abstract	Cervical column morphology was examined in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and compared with the cervical morphology of an adult control group with neutral occlusion, normal craniofacial morphology, and no history of sleep apnoea. The sleep apnoea group consisted of 91 patients, 16 females aged 29-59 years (mean 49.4 years) and 75 males aged 27-65 years (mean 49.0 years). All patients were diagnosed with OSA by overnight polysomnography. The control group consisted of 21 subjects, 15 females aged 23-40 years (mean 29.2 years) and 6 males aged 25-44 years (mean 32.8 years). From each individual, a visual assessment of the cervical column was performed on the radiograph. Differences in the cervical column morphology, between the genders and the groups were assessed by Fisher's exact test and the effect of age by logistic regression analysis. In the OSA group, 46.2 per cent had fusion anomalies of the cervical column and 5.5 per cent a posterior arch deficiency. Fusion anomalies occurred in 26.4 per cent as fusions between two cervical vertebrae. Block fusions occurred in 12.1 per cent and occipitalization in 14.3 per cent. A posterior arch deficiency occurred in 2.2 per cent as a partial cleft of C1 and in 3.3 per cent as dehiscence of C3 and C4. No statistical gender differences were found in the occurrence of morphological characteristics of the cervical column. The fusion anomalies of the cervical column occurred significantly more often in the OSA group. The results indicate that the morphological deviations of the upper cervical vertebrae play a role in the phenotypical subdivision and diagnosis of OSA.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Vertebrae/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/etiology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/pathology ; Spinal Diseases/complications ; Spinal Diseases/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	423731-6
ISSN	1460-2210 ; 0141-5387
ISSN (online)	1460-2210
ISSN	0141-5387
DOI	10.1093/ejo/cjn028
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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