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  1. Article: Editorial: The current challenges underlying hepatitis D virus infection.

    Salpini, Romina / Svicher, Valentina / Kennedy, Patrick T

    Frontiers in medicine

    2024  Volume 10, Page(s) 1355027

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2775999-4
    ISSN 2296-858X
    ISSN 2296-858X
    DOI 10.3389/fmed.2023.1355027
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  2. Article: Editorial: The role of novel hepatitis B biomarkers in solving therapeutic dilemmas.

    Lazarevic, Ivana / Svicher, Valentina / Cupic, Maja

    Frontiers in medicine

    2023  Volume 10, Page(s) 1256109

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2775999-4
    ISSN 2296-858X
    ISSN 2296-858X
    DOI 10.3389/fmed.2023.1256109
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  3. Article: Editorial: Novel Concepts in Mechanisms Modulating HBV Persistence, Pathogenesis, and Oncogenetic Properties.

    Svicher, Valentina / Sarmati, Loredana

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 822813

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2021.822813
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  4. Article ; Online: Novel concepts on mechanisms underlying Hepatitis Delta virus persistence and related pathogenesis.

    Salpini, Romina / D'Anna, Stefano / Piermatteo, Lorenzo / Svicher, Valentina

    Journal of viral hepatitis

    2022  Volume 29, Issue 12, Page(s) 1038–1047

    Abstract: Hepatitis Delta virus is the smallest known human virus, exploiting the HBV surface proteins (HBsAg) for the release of its progeny and de novo entry into hepatocytes. Ever growing evidence have highlighted the existence of multiple mechanisms underlying ...

    Abstract Hepatitis Delta virus is the smallest known human virus, exploiting the HBV surface proteins (HBsAg) for the release of its progeny and de novo entry into hepatocytes. Ever growing evidence have highlighted the existence of multiple mechanisms underlying HDV persistence including integrated HBV-DNA as a source of HBsAg production and the capability of the HDV genome to propagate through cell proliferation, thus supporting a potential HDV persistence even in the absence of HBV. Chronic HDV-infection causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis, leading to the development of cirrhosis in 15% of cases within 1-2 years and in 50%-60% of cases within 5-10 years. The rates of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic decompensation are also 2-3-fold higher than for HBV mono-infection. There is the evidence that persistent viral replication plays a key role in triggering liver injury, suggesting the existence of direct viral cytopathic properties that can modulate, synergistically with immune-responses, the progression towards end-stage liver diseases. All these aspects can be further exacerbated by the extraordinary degree of viral genetic variability that can promote HDV evasion from immune responses and has enabled viral differentiation into genotypes and subgenotypes with potential different pathobiological properties. In this light, this review aims at providing comprehensive insights of mechanisms (with a focus on virological factors) underlying HDV persistence and pathogenesis, critical in shaping the clinical outcome of the infection. Dissecting these mechanisms is pivotal to optimize therapeutic strategies aimed at fully counteracting this fascinating and fearsome virus.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hepatitis Delta Virus/genetics ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Virus Replication ; Liver Neoplasms
    Chemical Substances Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1212497-7
    ISSN 1365-2893 ; 1352-0504
    ISSN (online) 1365-2893
    ISSN 1352-0504
    DOI 10.1111/jvh.13755
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 4119: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article: SARS-CoV-2 Mutations and Variants May Muddle the Sensitivity of COVID-19 Diagnostic Assays

    Alkhatib, Mohammad / Carioti, Luca / D’Anna, Stefano / Ceccherini-Silberstein, Francesca / Svicher, Valentina / Salpini, Romina

    Microorganisms. 2022 Aug. 02, v. 10, no. 8

    2022  

    Abstract: The performance of diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays can be impacted by SARS-CoV-2 variability as this is dependent on the full complementarity between PCR primers/probes and viral target templates. Here, we investigate the genetic ... ...

    Abstract The performance of diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays can be impacted by SARS-CoV-2 variability as this is dependent on the full complementarity between PCR primers/probes and viral target templates. Here, we investigate the genetic variability of SARS-CoV-2 regions recognized by primers/probes utilized by PCR diagnostic assays based on nucleotide mismatching analysis. We evaluated the genetic variation in the binding regions of 73 primers/probes targeting the Nucleocapsid (N, N = 36), Spike (S, N = 22), and RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase/Helicase (RdRp/Hel, N = 15) of the publicly available PCR-based assays. Over 4.9 million high-quality SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences were retrieved from GISAID and were divided into group-A (all except Omicron, >4.2 million) and group-B (only Omicron, >558 thousand). In group-A sequences, a large range of variability in primers/probes binding regions in most PCR assays was observed. Particularly, 87.7% (64/73) of primers/probes displayed ≥1 mismatch with their viral targets, while 8.2% (6/73) contained ≥2 mismatches and 2.7% (2/73) contained ≥3 mismatches. In group-B sequences, 32.9% (24/73) of primers/probes were characterized by ≥1 mismatch, 13.7% (10/73) by ≥2 mismatches, and 5.5% (4/73) by ≥3 mismatches. The high rate of single and multiple mismatches- found in the target regions of molecular assays used worldwide for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis reinforces the need to optimize and constantly update these assays according to SARS-CoV-2 genetic evolution and the future emergence of novel variants.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; evolution ; genetic variation ; genome ; nucleocapsid ; polymerase chain reaction
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0802
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms10081559
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Mechanisms underlying of antiretroviral drugs in different cellular reservoirs with a focus on macrophages.

    Aquaro, Stefano / Borrajo, Ana / Pellegrino, Michele / Svicher, Valentina

    Virulence

    2020  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 400–413

    Abstract: Ongoing with current combinations of antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can successfully maintain long-term suppression of HIV-1 replication in plasma. Still, none of these therapies is capable of ... ...

    Abstract Ongoing with current combinations of antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can successfully maintain long-term suppression of HIV-1 replication in plasma. Still, none of these therapies is capable of extinguishing the virus from the long-lived cellular reservoir, including monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), that means the principal obstacle to HIV cure. MDM are widely distributed in all tissues and organs, including central system nervous (CNS) where they represent the most frequent HIV-infected cells that means the principal obstacle to HIV cure. Current FDA-approved antiretroviral drugs target viral reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase, and entry processes (coreceptor or fusion blockade). It is desirable to continue to develop new antiretrovirals directed against alternative targets in the virus lifecycle in order to further optimize therapeutic options, overcome resistance to existing medications, and potentially contribute to the elimination of viral reservoirs.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the activity of antiretroviral drugs (classical and upcoming) in monocytes-derived macrophages (MDM). Defining the antiviral activity of these drugs in this important cellular HIV-1 reservoir provides crucial hints about their efficacy in HIV-1 infected patients.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/pharmacology ; Central Nervous System/virology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Reservoirs/virology ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV-1/drug effects ; Humans ; Macrophages/chemistry ; Macrophages/drug effects ; Macrophages/virology ; Mice ; Virus Replication/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Anti-Retroviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2657572-3
    ISSN 2150-5608 ; 2150-5594
    ISSN (online) 2150-5608
    ISSN 2150-5594
    DOI 10.1080/21505594.2020.1760443
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: HHV-8 Genetic Diversification and Its Impact on Severe Clinical Presentation of Associated Diseases.

    Bellocchi, Maria Concetta / Svicher, Valentina / Ceccherini-Silberstein, Francesca

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2020  Volume 222, Issue 8, Page(s) 1250–1253

    MeSH term(s) Herpesvirus 6, Human ; Herpesvirus 8, Human/genetics ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Roseolovirus Infections ; Sexual and Gender Minorities
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiaa182
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Uh II Zs.50: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Zs.MO 445: Show issues

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  8. Article: Crucial Role of Central Nervous System as a Viral Anatomical Compartment for HIV-1 Infection.

    Borrajo, Ana / Svicher, Valentina / Salpini, Romina / Pellegrino, Michele / Aquaro, Stefano

    Microorganisms

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 12

    Abstract: The chronic infection established by the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) produces serious CD4+ T cell immunodeficiency despite the decrease in HIV-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels and the raised life expectancy of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) ... ...

    Abstract The chronic infection established by the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) produces serious CD4+ T cell immunodeficiency despite the decrease in HIV-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels and the raised life expectancy of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) through treatment with combined antiretroviral therapies (cART). HIV-1 enters the central nervous system (CNS), where perivascular macrophages and microglia are infected. Serious neurodegenerative symptoms related to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are produced by infection of the CNS. Despite advances in the treatment of this infection, HAND significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality globally. The pathogenesis and the role of inflammation in HAND are still incompletely understood. Principally, growing evidence shows that the CNS is an anatomical reservoir for viral infection and replication, and that its compartmentalization can trigger the evolution of neurological damage and thus make virus eradication more difficult. In this review, important concepts for understanding HAND and neuropathogenesis as well as the viral proteins involved in the CNS as an anatomical reservoir for HIV infection are discussed. In addition, an overview of the recent advancements towards therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HAND is presented. Further neurological research is needed to address neurodegenerative difficulties in people living with HIV, specifically regarding CNS viral reservoirs and their effects on eradication.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms9122537
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  9. Article ; Online: Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages (MDM): Model 1 (GM-CSF).

    Alteri, Claudia / Piermatteo, Lorenzo / Silberstein, Francesca Ceccherini / Svicher, Valentina / Perno, Carlo Federico

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2022  Volume 2407, Page(s) 91–96

    Abstract: Monocytes/macrophages play critical roles in HIV transmission, viral spread (early in infection), and as a reservoir of virus throughout infection. In the current research area in HIV, there has been a recent resurgence of interest in the biology of ... ...

    Abstract Monocytes/macrophages play critical roles in HIV transmission, viral spread (early in infection), and as a reservoir of virus throughout infection. In the current research area in HIV, there has been a recent resurgence of interest in the biology of monocyte subsets and macrophages and their role in HIV pathogenesis, and as long-lived HIV reservoir. Thus, sensitive and specific techniques are needed to measure the impact of these cells in the establishment of the "hard-core" reservoir, and in their capacity to cause a low-level virus production during cART. Here, a protocol is presented for cell culture and HIV-1 infection of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) differentiated human monocyte-derived macrophages.
    MeSH term(s) Cells, Cultured ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology ; HIV Infections/pathology ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Macrophages/virology ; Monocytes/virology
    Chemical Substances Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (83869-56-1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-1871-4_8
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  10. Article: SARS-CoV-2 Mutations and Variants May Muddle the Sensitivity of COVID-19 Diagnostic Assays.

    Alkhatib, Mohammad / Carioti, Luca / D'Anna, Stefano / Ceccherini-Silberstein, Francesca / Svicher, Valentina / Salpini, Romina

    Microorganisms

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 8

    Abstract: The performance of diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays can be impacted by SARS-CoV-2 variability as this is dependent on the full complementarity between PCR primers/probes and viral target templates. Here, we investigate the genetic ... ...

    Abstract The performance of diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays can be impacted by SARS-CoV-2 variability as this is dependent on the full complementarity between PCR primers/probes and viral target templates. Here, we investigate the genetic variability of SARS-CoV-2 regions recognized by primers/probes utilized by PCR diagnostic assays based on nucleotide mismatching analysis. We evaluated the genetic variation in the binding regions of 73 primers/probes targeting the Nucleocapsid (N, N = 36), Spike (S, N = 22), and RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase/Helicase (RdRp/Hel, N = 15) of the publicly available PCR-based assays. Over 4.9 million high-quality SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences were retrieved from GISAID and were divided into group-A (all except Omicron, >4.2 million) and group-B (only Omicron, >558 thousand). In group-A sequences, a large range of variability in primers/probes binding regions in most PCR assays was observed. Particularly, 87.7% (64/73) of primers/probes displayed ≥1 mismatch with their viral targets, while 8.2% (6/73) contained ≥2 mismatches and 2.7% (2/73) contained ≥3 mismatches. In group-B sequences, 32.9% (24/73) of primers/probes were characterized by ≥1 mismatch, 13.7% (10/73) by ≥2 mismatches, and 5.5% (4/73) by ≥3 mismatches. The high rate of single and multiple mismatches- found in the target regions of molecular assays used worldwide for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis reinforces the need to optimize and constantly update these assays according to SARS-CoV-2 genetic evolution and the future emergence of novel variants.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms10081559
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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