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  1. Article: COVID-19: Social Distancing and Physical Activity in United Kingdom Residents With Visual Impairments.

    Strongman, Clare / Swain, Patrick / Chung, Henry / Merzbach, Viviane / Gordon, Dan

    Journal of visual impairment & blindness

    2022  Volume 116, Issue 6, Page(s) 806–816

    Abstract: Introduction: ...

    Abstract Introduction:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 145063-3
    ISSN 1559-1476 ; 0145-482X
    ISSN (online) 1559-1476
    ISSN 0145-482X
    DOI 10.1177/0145482X221108703
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 1330: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  2. Article ; Online: Responsiveness to endurance training can be partly explained by the number of favorable single nucleotide polymorphisms an individual possesses.

    Chung, Henry C / Keiller, Don R / Swain, Patrick M / Chapman, Shaun L / Roberts, Justin D / Gordon, Dan A

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 7, Page(s) e0288996

    Abstract: Cardiorespiratory fitness is a key component of health-related fitness. It is a necessary focus of improvement, especially for those that have poor fitness and are classed as untrained. However, much research has shown individuals respond differentially ... ...

    Abstract Cardiorespiratory fitness is a key component of health-related fitness. It is a necessary focus of improvement, especially for those that have poor fitness and are classed as untrained. However, much research has shown individuals respond differentially to identical training programs, suggesting the involvement of a genetic component in individual exercise responses. Previous research has focused predominantly on a relatively low number of candidate genes and their overall influence on exercise responsiveness. However, examination of gene-specific alleles may provide a greater level of understanding. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and an individual's genotype following a field-based endurance program within a previously untrained population. Participants (age: 29 ± 7 years, height: 175 ± 9 cm, mass: 79 ± 21 kg, body mass index: 26 ± 7 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either a training (n = 21) or control group (n = 24). The training group completed a periodized running program for 8-weeks (duration: 20-30-minutes per session, intensity: 6-7 Borg Category-Ratio-10 scale rating, frequency: 3 sessions per week). Both groups completed a Cooper 12-minute run test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline, mid-study, and post-study. One thousand single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assessed via saliva sample collections. Cooper run distance showed a significant improvement (0.23 ± 0.17 km [11.51 ± 9.09%], p < 0.001, ES = 0.48 [95%CI: 0.16-0.32]), following the 8-week program, whilst controls displayed no significant changes (0.03 ± 0.15 km [1.55 ± 6.98%], p = 0.346, ES = 0.08, [95%CI: -0.35-0.95]). A significant portion of the inter-individual variation in Cooper scores could be explained by the number of positive alleles a participant possessed (r = 0.92, R2 = 0.85, p < 0.001). These findings demonstrate the relative influence of key allele variants on an individual's responsiveness to endurance training.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Physical Endurance/genetics ; Endurance Training ; Exercise/physiology ; Cardiorespiratory Fitness/physiology ; Physical Fitness/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0288996
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  3. Article: Correction to: COVID-19: self-reported reductions in physical activity and increases in sedentary behaviour during the first national lockdown in the United Kingdom.

    Swain, Patrick / James, Emily / Laws, Jonathan M / Strongman, Clare / Haw, Stuart / Barry, Gill / Chung, Henry C / Gordon, Dan

    Sport sciences for health

    2023  , Page(s) 1

    Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-01012-0.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-01012-0.].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-08
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2244652-7
    ISSN 1825-1234 ; 1824-7490
    ISSN (online) 1825-1234
    ISSN 1824-7490
    DOI 10.1007/s11332-023-01057-9
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    Zs.A 6363: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: Skeletal muscle deconditioning during partial weight-bearing in rodents - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Swain, Patrick / Mortreux, Marie / Laws, Jonathan M / Kyriacou, Harry / De Martino, Enrico / Winnard, Andrew / Caplan, Nick

    Life sciences in space research

    2022  Volume 34, Page(s) 68–86

    Abstract: Space agencies are planning to send humans back to the Lunar surface, in preparation for crewed exploration of Mars. However, the effect of hypogravity on human skeletal muscle is largely unknown. A recently established rodent partial weight-bearing ... ...

    Abstract Space agencies are planning to send humans back to the Lunar surface, in preparation for crewed exploration of Mars. However, the effect of hypogravity on human skeletal muscle is largely unknown. A recently established rodent partial weight-bearing model has been employed to mimic various levels of hypogravity loading and may provide valuable insights to better understanding how human muscle might respond to this environment. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review regarding the effects of partial weight-bearing on the morphology and function of rodent skeletal muscle. Five online databases were searched with the following inclusion criteria: population (rodents), intervention (partial weight-bearing for ≥1 week), control (full weight-bearing), outcome(s) (skeletal muscle morphology/function), and study design (animal intervention). Of the 2,993 studies identified, eight were included. Partial weight-bearing at 20%, 40%, and 70% of full loading caused rapid deconditioning of skeletal muscle morphology and function within the first one to two weeks of exposure. Calf circumference, hindlimb wet muscle mass, myofiber cross-sectional area, front/rear paw grip force, and nerve-stimulated plantarflexion force were reduced typically by medium to very large effects. Higher levels of partial weight-bearing often attenuated deconditioning but failed to entirely prevent it. Species and sex mediated the deconditioning response. Risk of bias was low/unclear for most studies. These findings suggest that there is insufficient stimulus to mitigate muscular deconditioning in hypogravity settings highlighting the need to develop countermeasures for maintaining astronaut/cosmonaut muscular health on the Moon and Mars.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Astronauts ; Humans ; Hypogravity ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Rodentia ; Weight-Bearing/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-29
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ISSN 2214-5532
    ISSN (online) 2214-5532
    DOI 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.06.007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Bone deconditioning during partial weight-bearing in rodents - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Swain, Patrick / Mortreux, Marie / Laws, Jonathan M / Kyriacou, Harry / De Martino, Enrico / Winnard, Andrew / Caplan, Nick

    Life sciences in space research

    2022  Volume 34, Page(s) 87–103

    Abstract: Space agencies are preparing to send humans to the Moon (16% Earth's gravity) and Mars (38% Earth's gravity), however, there is limited evidence regarding the effects of hypogravity on the skeletal system. A novel rodent partial weight-bearing (PWB) ... ...

    Abstract Space agencies are preparing to send humans to the Moon (16% Earth's gravity) and Mars (38% Earth's gravity), however, there is limited evidence regarding the effects of hypogravity on the skeletal system. A novel rodent partial weight-bearing (PWB) model may provide insight into how human bone responds to hypogravity. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review investigating the effect of PWB on the structure and function of rodent bone. Five online databases were searched with the following inclusion criteria: population (rodents), intervention (PWB for ≥1-week), control (full weight-bearing), outcomes (bone structure/function), and study design (animal intervention). Of the 2,993 studies identified, eight were included. The main findings were that partial weight-bearing exposure for 21-28 days at 20%, 40%, and 70% of full loading causes: (1) loss of bone mineral density, (2) loss of trabecular bone volume, thickness, number, and increased separation, (3) loss of cortical area and thickness, and 4) reduced bone stiffness and strength. These findings predominately relate the tibia/femur of young/mature female mice, however, their deconditioning response appeared similar, but not identical, to male rats. A dose-response trend was frequently observed between the magnitude of deconditioning and PWB level. The deconditioning patterns in PWB resembled those in rodents and humans exposed to microgravity and microgravity analogs. The present findings suggest that countermeasures against bone deconditioning may be required for humans exploring the Lunar and Martian surfaces.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bone Density ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Hypogravity ; Male ; Mars ; Mice ; Rats ; Rodentia ; Weight-Bearing/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-29
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ISSN 2214-5532
    ISSN (online) 2214-5532
    DOI 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.07.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: COVID-19: self-reported reductions in physical activity and increases in sedentary behaviour during the first national lockdown in the United Kingdom.

    Swain, Patrick / James, Emily / Laws, Jonathan M / Strongman, Clare / Haw, Stuart / Barry, Gill / Chung, Henry C / Gordon, Dan

    Sport sciences for health

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 139–146

    Abstract: Purpose: The United Kingdom (UK) government imposed its first national lockdown in response to COVID-19 on the 23rd of March 2020. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour levels are likely to have changed during this period.: Methods: An online ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The United Kingdom (UK) government imposed its first national lockdown in response to COVID-19 on the 23rd of March 2020. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour levels are likely to have changed during this period.
    Methods: An online survey was completed by
    Results: The median level of total weekly physical activity significantly reduced (- 15%,
    Conclusions: Now that the UK is transitioning to a state of normal living, strategies that can help individuals gradually return to physical activities, in accordance with the 2020 WHO guidelines, are of paramount importance to reducing risks to health associated with physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-26
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2244652-7
    ISSN 1825-1234 ; 1824-7490
    ISSN (online) 1825-1234
    ISSN 1824-7490
    DOI 10.1007/s11332-022-01012-0
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    Zs.A 6363: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Quantifying the effects of four weeks of low-volume high-intensity sprint interval training on V̇O2max through assessment of hemodynamics.

    Gordon, Dan / Swain, Patrick / Keiller, Don / Merzbach, Viviane / Gernigon, Marie / Chung, Henry

    The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness

    2020  Volume 60, Issue 1, Page(s) 53–61

    Abstract: Background: Sprint interval training is a popular workout modality. Studies have eluded to a positive effect on maximal oxygen uptake, however little is known about the mechanistic basis of this adaptation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Sprint interval training is a popular workout modality. Studies have eluded to a positive effect on maximal oxygen uptake, however little is known about the mechanistic basis of this adaptation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a short-term high-intensity sprint interval training (SIT) intervention on V̇O2max through quantification of both the respiratory and hemodynamic responses.
    Methods: Thirty-six physically active participants undertook 4 weeks of either cycling-based SIT (8×20 s at 170% P-V̇O2max with 10 s recovery) or continuous exercise training (CET) (30 min at 70% P-V̇O2max) 3 times per week. V̇O2max, blood-based markers and hemodynamic responses were assessed pre and post the intervention period. V̇O2max was assessed using breath-by-breath open circuit spirometry, while hemodynamic responses were monitored using thoracic impedance cardiography.
    Results: V̇O2max exhibited a non-significant 4.1% increase (ES=0.24) for SIT with 7.0% P=0.007 (ES=0.40) increase for CET. Hemodynamic responses (maximal cardiac output, maximal stroke volume) displayed non-significant responses for CET and SIT while a-vO2dif-max increased from 15.8±4.8 to 18.3±2.9 mL/100 mL) (P=0.02) (ES=0.63) in SIT.
    Conclusions: V̇O2max is a function of maximal cardiac output and a-vO2dif-max, so for a meaningful change to occur in cardiorespiratory fitness, there must be a concomitant increase in O2 delivery. This study demonstrates that a low volume SIT intervention evokes peripherally mediated responses (a-vO2dif) and anaerobic substrate utilization rather than O2 delivery components. Future works should address the time course of the responses and when assessing V̇O2max-based responses that due attention be given to the hemodynamic responses as means of quantification of the response.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Cardiac Output ; Cardiorespiratory Fitness ; Female ; Heart/physiology ; Hemodynamics ; High-Intensity Interval Training ; Humans ; Male ; Oxygen/analysis ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption
    Chemical Substances Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-30
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 410823-1
    ISSN 1827-1928 ; 0022-4707
    ISSN (online) 1827-1928
    ISSN 0022-4707
    DOI 10.23736/S0022-4707.19.09912-2
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  8. Article ; Online: Developing, Implementing, and Applying Novel Techniques During Systematic Reviews of Primary Space Medicine Data.

    Winnard, Andrew / Caplan, Nick / Bruce-Martin, Claire / Swain, Patrick / Velho, Rochelle / Meroni, Roberto / Wotring, Virginia / Damann, Volker / Weber, Tobias / Evetts, Simon / Laws, Joanthan

    Aerospace medicine and human performance

    2021  Volume 92, Issue 8, Page(s) 681–688

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND:
    MeSH term(s) Aerospace Medicine ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2809085-8
    ISSN 2375-6322 ; 2375-6314
    ISSN (online) 2375-6322
    ISSN 2375-6314
    DOI 10.3357/AMHP.5803.2021
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