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Article ; Online: Environmental phthalate exposure and the odds of preterm birth: an important contribution to environmental reproductive epidemiology.

Swan, Shanna H

2014 Volume 168, Issue 1, Page(s) 14–15

MeSH term(s)	Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Maternal Exposure ; Phthalic Acids/adverse effects ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth/chemically induced
Chemical Substances	Phthalic Acids ; phthalic acid (6O7F7IX66E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Editorial
ZDB-ID	2701223-2
ISSN	2168-6211 ; 2168-6203
ISSN (online)	2168-6211
ISSN	2168-6203
DOI	10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4215
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Article ; Online: Does Older Age Modify Associations between Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Fecundability?

Pollack, Anna Z / Krall, Jenna R / Swan, Shanna H / Louis, Germaine M Buck

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 13

Abstract: Urinary concentrations of several endocrine disrupting chemicals, including phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A (BPA), and benzophenone (BP)-type ultraviolet (UV) filters, have been associated with a longer time-to-pregnancy (TTP). Potential modification ... ...

Abstract	Urinary concentrations of several endocrine disrupting chemicals, including phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A (BPA), and benzophenone (BP)-type ultraviolet (UV) filters, have been associated with a longer time-to-pregnancy (TTP). Potential modification of these associations by couple's age has not been studied. TTP was defined as the number of prospectively observed menstrual cycles a couple attempted pregnancy until the occurrence of a human chorionic gonadotropic-detected pregnancy. Urinary concentrations of two BP-type UV filters and three phthalate metabolites were measured at baseline. Fecundability odds ratios (FORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for each chemical adjusting for age, body mass index, serum cotinine, creatinine, and accounting for right censoring and left truncation. Models evaluated effect modification between EDC concentrations and TTP by partner's age, dichotomized at 35 years. Separate models were run for male and female partners. No significant effect modification was observed for any EDC for either partner, but data were suggestive of a longer TTP among females aged ≥35 years, particularly for BP-2 (FOR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.36, 1.05) and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (FOR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.46, 1.09) reflecting 39% and 29% reductions in fecundability, respectively. We saw no evidence of effect modification by couples' age on associations between TTP and urinary phthalate or BPA metabolite concentrations. Across the EDCs we examined, we found little evidence that age modifies TTP-exposure associations.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Cotinine ; Endocrine Disruptors ; Environmental Pollutants ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Pregnancy ; Time-to-Pregnancy
Chemical Substances	Endocrine Disruptors ; Environmental Pollutants ; Cotinine (K5161X06LL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19138074
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Article ; Online: Occupation and Semen Parameters in a Cohort of Fertile Men.

Meyer, John D / Brazil, Charlene / Redmon, J Bruce / Wang, Christina / Sparks, Amy E / Swan, Shanna H

Journal of occupational and environmental medicine

2022 Volume 64, Issue 10, Page(s) 831–838

Abstract: Objective: We examined associations between occupation and semen parameters in demonstrably fertile men in the Study for Future Families.: Methods: Associations of occupation and workplace exposures with semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, ... ...

Abstract	Objective: We examined associations between occupation and semen parameters in demonstrably fertile men in the Study for Future Families. Methods: Associations of occupation and workplace exposures with semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, and morphology were assessed using generalized linear modeling. Results: Lower sperm concentration and motility were seen in installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. Higher exposure to lead, and to other toxicants, was seen in occupations with lower mean sperm concentrations (prevalence ratio for lead: 4.1; pesticides/insecticides: 1.6; solvents: 1.4). Working with lead for more than 3 months was associated with lower sperm concentration, as was lead exposure outside of work. Conclusions: We found evidence in demonstrably fertile men for reduced sperm quality with lead, pesticide/herbicide, and solvent exposure. These results may identify occupations where protective measures against male reproductive toxicity might be warranted.
MeSH term(s)	Herbicides ; Humans ; Insecticides ; Lead ; Male ; Occupations ; Pesticides/toxicity ; Semen ; Solvents ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa
Chemical Substances	Herbicides ; Insecticides ; Pesticides ; Solvents ; Lead (2P299V784P)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1223932-x
ISSN	1536-5948 ; 1076-2752
ISSN (online)	1536-5948
ISSN	1076-2752
DOI	10.1097/JOM.0000000000002607
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Article ; Online: Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of samples collected globally in the 20th and 21st centuries.

Levine, Hagai / Jørgensen, Niels / Martino-Andrade, Anderson / Mendiola, Jaime / Weksler-Derri, Dan / Jolles, Maya / Pinotti, Rachel / Swan, Shanna H

Human reproduction update

2023 Volume 29, Issue 2, Page(s) 157–176

Abstract: Background: Numerous studies have reported declines in semen quality and other markers of male reproductive health. Our previous meta-analysis reported a significant decrease in sperm concentration (SC) and total sperm count (TSC) among men from North ... ...

Abstract	Background: Numerous studies have reported declines in semen quality and other markers of male reproductive health. Our previous meta-analysis reported a significant decrease in sperm concentration (SC) and total sperm count (TSC) among men from North America-Europe-Australia (NEA) based on studies published during 1981-2013. At that time, there were too few studies with data from South/Central America-Asia-Africa (SAA) to reliably estimate trends among men from these continents. Objective and rationale: The aim of this study was to examine trends in sperm count among men from all continents. The broader implications of a global decline in sperm count, the knowledge gaps left unfilled by our prior analysis and the controversies surrounding this issue warranted an up-to-date meta-analysis. Search methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify studies of human SC and TSC published during 2014-2019. After review of 2936 abstracts and 868 full articles, 44 estimates of SC and TSC from 38 studies met the protocol criteria. Data were extracted on semen parameters (SC, TSC, semen volume), collection year and covariates. Combining these new data with data from our previous meta-analysis, the current meta-analysis includes results from 223 studies, yielding 288 estimates based on semen samples collected 1973-2018. Slopes of SC and TSC were estimated as functions of sample collection year using simple linear regression as well as weighted meta-regression. The latter models were adjusted for predetermined covariates and examined for modification by fertility status (unselected by fertility versus fertile), and by two groups of continents: NEA and SAA. These analyses were repeated for data collected post-2000. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine assumptions, including linearity. Outcomes: Overall, SC declined appreciably between 1973 and 2018 (slope in the simple linear model: -0.87 million/ml/year, 95% CI: -0.89 to -0.86; P < 0.001). In an adjusted meta-regression model, which included two interaction terms [time × fertility group (P = 0.012) and time × continents (P = 0.058)], declines were seen among unselected men from NEA (-1.27; -1.78 to -0.77; P < 0.001) and unselected men from SAA (-0.65; -1.29 to -0.01; P = 0.045) and fertile men from NEA (-0.50; -1.00 to -0.01; P = 0.046). Among unselected men from all continents, the mean SC declined by 51.6% between 1973 and 2018 (-1.17: -1.66 to -0.68; P < 0.001). The slope for SC among unselected men was steeper in a model restricted to post-2000 data (-1.73: -3.23 to -0.24; P = 0.024) and the percent decline per year doubled, increasing from 1.16% post-1972 to 2.64% post-2000. Results were similar for TSC, with a 62.3% overall decline among unselected men (-4.70 million/year; -6.56 to -2.83; P < 0.001) in the adjusted meta-regression model. All results changed only minimally in multiple sensitivity analyses. Wider implications: This analysis is the first to report a decline in sperm count among unselected men from South/Central America-Asia-Africa, in contrast to our previous meta-analysis that was underpowered to examine those continents. Furthermore, data suggest that this world-wide decline is continuing in the 21st century at an accelerated pace. Research on the causes of this continuing decline and actions to prevent further disruption of male reproductive health are urgently needed.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Semen Analysis ; Semen ; Spermatozoa ; Sperm Motility ; Sperm Count ; Regression Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1286738-x
ISSN	1460-2369 ; 1355-4786
ISSN (online)	1460-2369
ISSN	1355-4786
DOI	10.1093/humupd/dmac035
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Article ; Online: Early prenatal sex steroids and sex-typed play behavior at 4 years of age.

Sethuram, Swathi / Raymond, Samantha / Wang, Christina / Barrett, Emily S / Bush, Nicole R / Nguyen, Ruby / Sathyanarayana, Sheela / Swan, Shanna H / Evans, Sarah Felice

Psychoneuroendocrinology

2023 Volume 156, Page(s) 106288

Abstract: During pregnancy, estrogens and testosterone influence brain development, resulting in sex-typical behavioral phenotypes. Prenatal testosterone exposure is associated with more male-typical behaviors in rodents, monkeys, and humans; however, few studies ... ...

Abstract	During pregnancy, estrogens and testosterone influence brain development, resulting in sex-typical behavioral phenotypes. Prenatal testosterone exposure is associated with more male-typical behaviors in rodents, monkeys, and humans; however, few studies have examined the relationship between maternal sex hormones within the normal range and sex-dimorphic behaviors. In this study, we examined associations between prenatal estrogens and testosterone and sex-typical play in The Infant Development and the Environment Study (TIDES), a multicenter pregnancy cohort. We collected prenatal serum during the first trimester (mean=11.1 ± 2.6 weeks) and assessed child play behavior using the maternally completed Pre-School Activities Inventory (PSAI) at a mean age of 4.5 ± 0.3 years. This analysis includes mother-child pairs with complete data on hormones, play behavior, and covariates (n = 192 boys and 207 girls). No associations were seen between testosterone and PSAI scores in boys or girls or between estrogens and PSAI scores in boys. In girls, we observed an inverse relationship between feminine PSAI scores and both estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) in multivariable linear regression analyses (E2: -0.11 [95% CI -0.20, -0.02]; E3: -0.44 [95% CI -0.83,-0.04]). Because the relationship between sex hormones and PSAI scores appeared nonlinear, we fit piecewise regression models to better fit the data and identify inflection points (point at which there is a significant change in slope). Piecewise regression analyses yielded inverse associations between masculine PSAI scores and estrone (E1) at values of E1 > 1340 pg/mL and E2 at values of E2 > 2870 pg/mL in girls. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of prenatal sex steroids on sexually dimorphic behavior.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Infant ; Child ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Male ; Child, Preschool ; Sexual Behavior ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Estrogens ; Testosterone ; Estrone
Chemical Substances	Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Estrogens ; Testosterone (3XMK78S47O) ; Estrone (2DI9HA706A)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Multicenter Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	197636-9
ISSN	1873-3360 ; 0306-4530
ISSN (online)	1873-3360
ISSN	0306-4530
DOI	10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106288
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Article ; Online: Language Development of Young Children Is Not Linked to Phthalate Exposure-Reply.

Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf / Reichenber, Abraham / Swan, Shanna H

JAMA pediatrics

2019 Volume 173, Issue 5, Page(s) 499

MeSH term(s)	Child ; Child, Preschool ; Environmental Pollutants ; Female ; Humans ; Language Development ; Phthalic Acids ; Pregnancy
Chemical Substances	Environmental Pollutants ; Phthalic Acids ; phthalic acid (6O7F7IX66E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2701223-2
ISSN	2168-6211 ; 2168-6203
ISSN (online)	2168-6211
ISSN	2168-6203
DOI	10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0282
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Article ; Online: Prenatal bisphenol A and S exposure and atopic disease phenotypes at age 6

Gaylord, Abigail / Barrett, Emily S. / Sathyanarayana, Sheela / Swan, Shanna H. / Nguyen, Ruby H.N. / Bush, Nicole R. / Carroll, Kecia / Day, Drew B. / Kannan, Kurunthachalam / Trasande, Leonardo

Environmental Research. 2023 June, v. 226 p.115630-

2023

Abstract: Atopic disease may be influenced by prenatal and early life exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals, including bisphenols, but results from epidemiological studies have been mixed. This study aimed to extend the epidemiological literature, ... ...

Abstract	Atopic disease may be influenced by prenatal and early life exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals, including bisphenols, but results from epidemiological studies have been mixed. This study aimed to extend the epidemiological literature, hypothesizing that children with higher prenatal bisphenol exposure are more likely to have childhood atopic disease. Urinary bisphenol A (BPA) and S (BPS) concentrations were measured in each trimester from 501 pregnant women in a multi-center, prospective pregnancy cohort. Ever asthma, current asthma, wheeze, and food allergy) were assessed at age six via standardized ISAAC questionnaire. We constructed generalized estimating equations to examine BPA and BPS exposure jointly at each trimester for each atopy phenotype. BPA was modeled as a log-transformed continuous variable, whereas BPS was modeled as detected versus not detected. We also modeled pregnancy-averaged BPA values and a categorical indicator for number of detectable BPS values over pregnancy (0–3) in logistic regression models. First trimester BPA was associated with inverse odds of food allergy among the entire study sample (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.64–0.95, p = 0.01) and females only (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.52–0.90, p = 0.006). The inverse relationship persisted in pregnancy-averaged models of BPA among females (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.35–0.90, p = 0.006). Second trimester BPA was associated with greater odds of food allergy in the entire sample (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.02–1.58, p = 0.03) and among males only (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.02–2.14, p = 0.04). Odds of current asthma increased among males in the pregnancy-averaged BPS models (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.01–2.69, p = 0.045). We saw opposite effects of BPA on food allergy that were trimester- and sex-specific. These divergent associations warrant further investigation. There is some evidence to suggest that prenatal BPS is associated with asthma among males, but further research is required in cohorts with a greater proportion of prenatal urine samples with detectable BPS to validate these results.
Keywords	asthma ; atopy ; bisphenol A ; childhood ; food allergies ; phenotype ; pregnancy ; questionnaires ; regression analysis ; research ; urine ; Bisphenols ; Prenatal exposure ; Wheeze ; Food allergy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-06
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2023.115630
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Zs.A 726: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Is dietary pesticide exposure related to semen quality? Positive evidence from men attending a fertility clinic.

Levine, Hagai / Swan, Shanna H

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)

2015 Volume 30, Issue 6, Page(s) 1287–1289

MeSH term(s)	Diet ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Fruit ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticide Residues/analysis ; Semen Analysis ; Vegetables
Chemical Substances	Pesticide Residues
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632776-x
ISSN	1460-2350 ; 0268-1161 ; 1477-741X
ISSN (online)	1460-2350
ISSN	0268-1161 ; 1477-741X
DOI	10.1093/humrep/dev065
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Article ; Online: Stress and Androgen Activity During Fetal Development.

Barrett, Emily S / Swan, Shanna H

Endocrinology

2015 Volume 156, Issue 10, Page(s) 3435–3441

Abstract: Prenatal stress is known to alter hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, and more recent evidence suggests that it may also affect androgen activity. In animal models, prenatal stress disrupts the normal surge of testosterone in the developing ... ...

Abstract	Prenatal stress is known to alter hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, and more recent evidence suggests that it may also affect androgen activity. In animal models, prenatal stress disrupts the normal surge of testosterone in the developing male, whereas in females, associations differ by species. In humans, studies show that (1) associations between prenatal stress and child outcomes are often sex-dependent, (2) prenatal stress predicts several disorders with notable sex differences in prevalence, and (3) prenatal exposure to stressful life events may be associated with masculinized reproductive tract development and play behavior in girls. In this minireview, we examine the existing literature on prenatal stress and androgenic activity and present new, preliminary data indicating that prenatal stress may also modify associations between prenatal exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate, (a synthetic, antiandrogenic chemical) and reproductive development in infant boys. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to both chemical and nonchemical stressors may alter sex steroid pathways in the maternal-placental-fetal unit and ultimately alter hormone-dependent developmental endpoints.
MeSH term(s)	Androgens/metabolism ; Animals ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Female ; Fetal Development/physiology ; Genitalia, Female/anatomy & histology ; Genitalia, Male/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; Male ; Maternal Exposure ; Mothers ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; Placenta/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Sex Factors ; Stress, Psychological ; Testosterone/blood
Chemical Substances	Androgens ; Biomarkers ; Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	427856-2
ISSN	1945-7170 ; 0013-7227
ISSN (online)	1945-7170
ISSN	0013-7227
DOI	10.1210/en.2015-1335
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Article ; Online: A permutation-based approach to inference for weighted sum regression with correlated chemical mixtures.

Lyden, Grace R / Vock, David M / Barrett, Emily S / Sathyanarayana, Sheela / Swan, Shanna H / Nguyen, Ruby Hn

Statistical methods in medical research

2022 Volume 31, Issue 4, Page(s) 579–593

Abstract: There is a growing demand for methods to determine the effects that chemical mixtures have on human health. One statistical challenge is identifying true "bad actors" from a mixture of highly correlated predictors, a setting in which standard approaches ... ...

Abstract	There is a growing demand for methods to determine the effects that chemical mixtures have on human health. One statistical challenge is identifying true "bad actors" from a mixture of highly correlated predictors, a setting in which standard approaches such as linear regression become highly variable. Weighted Quantile Sum regression has been proposed to address this problem, through a two-step process where mixture component weights are estimated using bootstrap aggregation in a training dataset and inference on the overall mixture effect occurs in a held-out test set. Weighted Quantile Sum regression is popular in applied papers, but the reliance on data splitting is suboptimal, and analysts who use the same data for both steps risk inflating the Type I error rate. We therefore propose a modification of Weighted Quantile Sum regression that uses a permutation test for inference, which allows for weight estimation using the entire dataset and preserves Type I error. To minimize computational burden, we propose replacing the bootstrap with L1 or L2 penalization and describe how to choose the appropriate penalty given expert knowledge about a mixture of interest. We apply our method to a national pregnancy cohort study of prenatal phthalate exposure and child health outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Cohort Studies ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Pollutants ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Pregnancy ; Research Design
Chemical Substances	Environmental Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1136948-6
ISSN	1477-0334 ; 0962-2802
ISSN (online)	1477-0334
ISSN	0962-2802
DOI	10.1177/09622802211013578
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