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  1. Article ; Online: Anti-reflection coated vacuum window for the Primordial Inflation Polarization ExploreR (PIPER) balloon-borne instrument.

    Datta, Rahul / Chuss, David T / Eimer, Joseph / Essinger-Hileman, Thomas / Gandilo, Natalie N / Helson, Kyle / Kogut, Alan J / Lowe, Luke / Mirel, Paul / Rostem, Karwan / Sagliocca, Marco / Sponseller, Danielle / Switzer, Eric R / Taraschi, Peter A / Wollack, Edward J

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2021  Volume 92, Issue 3, Page(s) 35111

    Abstract: Measuring the faint polarization signal of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) not only requires high optical throughput and instrument sensitivity but also control over systematic effects. Polarimetric cameras or receivers used in this setting often ... ...

    Abstract Measuring the faint polarization signal of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) not only requires high optical throughput and instrument sensitivity but also control over systematic effects. Polarimetric cameras or receivers used in this setting often employ dielectric vacuum windows, filters, or lenses to appropriately prepare light for detection by cooled sensor arrays. These elements in the optical chain are typically designed to minimize reflective losses and hence improve sensitivity while minimizing potential imaging artifacts such as glint and ghosting. The Primordial Inflation Polarization ExploreR (PIPER) is a balloon-borne instrument designed to measure the polarization of the CMB radiation at the largest angular scales and characterize astrophysical dust foregrounds. PIPER's twin telescopes and detector systems are submerged in an open-aperture liquid helium bucket dewar. A fused-silica window anti-reflection (AR) coated with polytetrafluoroethylene is installed on the vacuum cryostat that houses the cryogenic detector arrays. Light passes from the skyward portions of the telescope to the detector arrays through this window, which utilizes an indium seal to prevent superfluid helium leaks into the vacuum cryostat volume. The AR coating implemented reduces reflections from each interface to <1% compared to ∼10% from an uncoated window surface. The AR coating procedure and room temperature optical measurements of the window are presented. The indium vacuum sealing process is also described in detail, and test results characterizing its integrity to superfluid helium leaks are provided.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/5.0029430
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book ; Online: Developing a New Generation of Integrated Micro-Spec Far Infrared Spectrometers for the EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM)

    Volpert, Carolyn G. / Barrentine, Emily M. / Mirzaei, Mona / Barlis, Alyssa / Bolatto, Alberto D. / Bulcha, Berhanu / Cataldo, Giuseppe / Connors, Jake A. / Costen, Nicholas / Ehsan, Negar / Essinger-Hileman, Thomas / Glenn, Jason / Hays-Wehle, James P. / Hess, Larry A. / Kogut, Alan J. / Moseley, Harvey / Mugge-Durum, Jonas / Noroozian, Omid / Oxholm, Trevor M. /
    Rahmani, Maryam / Stevenson, Thomas / Switzer, Eric R. / Watson, Joseph / Wollack, Edward J.

    2022  

    Abstract: The current state of far-infrared astronomy drives the need to develop compact, sensitive spectrometers for future space and ground-based instruments. Here we present details of the $\rm \mu$-Spec spectrometers currently in development for the far- ... ...

    Abstract The current state of far-infrared astronomy drives the need to develop compact, sensitive spectrometers for future space and ground-based instruments. Here we present details of the $\rm \mu$-Spec spectrometers currently in development for the far-infrared balloon mission EXCLAIM. The spectrometers are designed to cover the $\rm 555 - 714\ \mu$m range with a resolution of $\rm R\ =\ \lambda / \Delta\lambda\ =\ 512$ at the $\rm 638\ \mu$m band center. The spectrometer design incorporates a Rowland grating spectrometer implemented in a parallel plate waveguide on a low-loss single-crystal Si chip, employing Nb microstrip planar transmission lines and thin-film Al kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs). The EXCLAIM $\rm \mu$-Spec design is an advancement upon a successful $\rm R = 64\ \mu$-Spec prototype, and can be considered a sub-mm superconducting photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that combines spectral dispersion and detection. The design operates in a single $M{=}2$ grating order, allowing one spectrometer to cover the full EXCLAIM band without requiring a multi-order focal plane. The EXCLAIM instrument will fly six spectrometers, which are fabricated on a single 150 mm diameter Si wafer. Fabrication involves a flip-wafer-bonding process with patterning of the superconducting layers on both sides of the Si dielectric. The spectrometers are designed to operate at 100 mK, and will include 355 Al KID detectors targeting a goal of NEP ${\sim}8\times10^{-19}$ $\rm W/\sqrt{Hz}$. We summarize the design, fabrication, and ongoing development of these $\rm \mu$-Spec spectrometers for EXCLAIM.

    Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation (2022)
    Keywords Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ; Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ; Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
    Subject code 621
    Publishing date 2022-08-04
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Book ; Online: Optical Characterization & Testbed Development for {\mu}-Spec Integrated Spectrometers

    Rahmani, Maryam / Barlis, Alyssa / Barrentine, Emily M. / Brown, Ari D. / Bulcha, Berhanu T. / Cataldo, Giuseppe / Connors, Jake / Ehsan, Negar / Essinger-Hileman, Thomas M. / Grant, Henry / Hays-Wehle, James / Hsieh, Wen-Ting / Mikula, Vilem / Moseley, S. Harvey / Noroozian, Omid / Oxholm, Trevor R. / Quijada, Manuel A. / Patel, Jessica / Stevenson, Thomas R. /
    Switzer, Eric R. / Tucker, Carole / U-Yen, Kongpop / Volpert, Carolyn / Wollack, Edward J.

    2022  

    Abstract: This paper describes a cryogenic optical testbed developed to characterize u-Spec spectrometers in a dedicated dilution refrigerator (DR) system. u-Spec is a far-infrared integrated spectrometer that is an analog to a Rowland-type grating spectrometer. ... ...

    Abstract This paper describes a cryogenic optical testbed developed to characterize u-Spec spectrometers in a dedicated dilution refrigerator (DR) system. u-Spec is a far-infrared integrated spectrometer that is an analog to a Rowland-type grating spectrometer. It employs a single-crystal silicon substrate with niobium microstrip lines and aluminum kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs). Current designs with a resolution of 512 are in fabrication for the EXCLAIM (Experiment for Cryogenic Large Aperture Intensity Mapping) balloon mission. The primary spectrometer performance and design parameters are efficiency, NEP, inter-channel isolation, spectral resolution, and frequency response for each channel. Here we present the development and design of an optical characterization facility and preliminary validation of that facility with earlier prototype R=64 devices. We have conducted and describe initial optical measurements of R = 64 devices using a swept photomixer line source. We also discuss the test plan for optical characterization of the EXCLAIM R = 512 u-Spec devices in this new testbed.

    Comment: SPIE conference, Montreal, Ca. July 17-22, 2022
    Keywords Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
    Subject code 621
    Publishing date 2022-08-12
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Evidence for dark energy from the cosmic microwave background alone using the Atacama Cosmology Telescope lensing measurements.

    Sherwin, Blake D / Dunkley, Joanna / Das, Sudeep / Appel, John W / Bond, J Richard / Carvalho, C Sofia / Devlin, Mark J / Dünner, Rolando / Essinger-Hileman, Thomas / Fowler, Joseph W / Hajian, Amir / Halpern, Mark / Hasselfield, Matthew / Hincks, Adam D / Hlozek, Renée / Hughes, John P / Irwin, Kent D / Klein, Jeff / Kosowsky, Arthur /
    Marriage, Tobias A / Marsden, Danica / Moodley, Kavilan / Menanteau, Felipe / Niemack, Michael D / Nolta, Michael R / Page, Lyman A / Parker, Lucas / Reese, Erik D / Schmitt, Benjamin L / Sehgal, Neelima / Sievers, Jon / Spergel, David N / Staggs, Suzanne T / Swetz, Daniel S / Switzer, Eric R / Thornton, Robert / Visnjic, Katerina / Wollack, Ed

    Physical review letters

    2011  Volume 107, Issue 2, Page(s) 21302

    Abstract: For the first time, measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) alone favor cosmologies with w = -1 dark energy over models without dark energy at a 3.2-sigma level. We demonstrate this by combining the CMB lensing deflection power ... ...

    Abstract For the first time, measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) alone favor cosmologies with w = -1 dark energy over models without dark energy at a 3.2-sigma level. We demonstrate this by combining the CMB lensing deflection power spectrum from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope with temperature and polarization power spectra from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe. The lensing data break the geometric degeneracy of different cosmological models with similar CMB temperature power spectra. Our CMB-only measurement of the dark energy density Ω(Λ) confirms other measurements from supernovae, galaxy clusters, and baryon acoustic oscillations, and demonstrates the power of CMB lensing as a new cosmological tool.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-07-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.021302
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Detection of the power spectrum of cosmic microwave background lensing by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope.

    Das, Sudeep / Sherwin, Blake D / Aguirre, Paula / Appel, John W / Bond, J Richard / Carvalho, C Sofia / Devlin, Mark J / Dunkley, Joanna / Dünner, Rolando / Essinger-Hileman, Thomas / Fowler, Joseph W / Hajian, Amir / Halpern, Mark / Hasselfield, Matthew / Hincks, Adam D / Hlozek, Renée / Huffenberger, Kevin M / Hughes, John P / Irwin, Kent D /
    Klein, Jeff / Kosowsky, Arthur / Lupton, Robert H / Marriage, Tobias A / Marsden, Danica / Menanteau, Felipe / Moodley, Kavilan / Niemack, Michael D / Nolta, Michael R / Page, Lyman A / Parker, Lucas / Reese, Erik D / Schmitt, Benjamin L / Sehgal, Neelima / Sievers, Jon / Spergel, David N / Staggs, Suzanne T / Swetz, Daniel S / Switzer, Eric R / Thornton, Robert / Visnjic, Katerina / Wollack, Ed

    Physical review letters

    2011  Volume 107, Issue 2, Page(s) 21301

    Abstract: We report the first detection of the gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background through a measurement of the four-point correlation function in the temperature maps made by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. We verify our detection by ... ...

    Abstract We report the first detection of the gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background through a measurement of the four-point correlation function in the temperature maps made by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. We verify our detection by calculating the levels of potential contaminants and performing a number of null tests. The resulting convergence power spectrum at 2° angular scales measures the amplitude of matter density fluctuations on comoving length scales of around 100 Mpc at redshifts around 0.5 to 3. The measured amplitude of the signal agrees with Lambda cold dark matter cosmology predictions. Since the amplitude of the convergence power spectrum scales as the square of the amplitude of the density fluctuations, the 4σ detection of the lensing signal measures the amplitude of density fluctuations to 12%.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-07-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.021301
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Evidence of galaxy cluster motions with the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect.

    Hand, Nick / Addison, Graeme E / Aubourg, Eric / Battaglia, Nick / Battistelli, Elia S / Bizyaev, Dmitry / Bond, J Richard / Brewington, Howard / Brinkmann, Jon / Brown, Benjamin R / Das, Sudeep / Dawson, Kyle S / Devlin, Mark J / Dunkley, Joanna / Dunner, Rolando / Eisenstein, Daniel J / Fowler, Joseph W / Gralla, Megan B / Hajian, Amir /
    Halpern, Mark / Hilton, Matt / Hincks, Adam D / Hlozek, Renée / Hughes, John P / Infante, Leopoldo / Irwin, Kent D / Kosowsky, Arthur / Lin, Yen-Ting / Malanushenko, Elena / Malanushenko, Viktor / Marriage, Tobias A / Marsden, Danica / Menanteau, Felipe / Moodley, Kavilan / Niemack, Michael D / Nolta, Michael R / Oravetz, Daniel / Page, Lyman A / Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie / Pan, Kaike / Reese, Erik D / Schlegel, David J / Schneider, Donald P / Sehgal, Neelima / Shelden, Alaina / Sievers, Jon / Sifón, Cristóbal / Simmons, Audrey / Snedden, Stephanie / Spergel, David N / Staggs, Suzanne T / Swetz, Daniel S / Switzer, Eric R / Trac, Hy / Weaver, Benjamin A / Wollack, Edward J / Yeche, Christophe / Zunckel, Caroline

    Physical review letters

    2012  Volume 109, Issue 4, Page(s) 41101

    Abstract: Using high-resolution microwave sky maps made by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, we for the first time present strong evidence for motions of galaxy clusters and groups via microwave background temperature distortions due to the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel' ... ...

    Abstract Using high-resolution microwave sky maps made by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, we for the first time present strong evidence for motions of galaxy clusters and groups via microwave background temperature distortions due to the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. Galaxy clusters are identified by their constituent luminous galaxies observed by the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III. We measure the mean pairwise momentum of clusters, with a probability of the signal being due to random errors of 0.002, and the signal is consistent with the growth of cosmic structure in the standard model of cosmology.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-07-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.041101
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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