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  1. Artikel ; Online: Impact of handgun ownership and biological sex on startle reactivity to predictable and unpredictable threats.

    Manzler, Charles A / Gorka, Stephanie M / Tabares, Jeffrey V / Bryan, Craig J

    International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology

    2024  Band 197, Seite(n) 112297

    Abstract: Extant literature suggests that many individuals obtain firearms because they perceive the world as unsafe and believe that firearm ownership increases physical protection. Converging evidence suggests that firearm owners are vulnerable to uncertainty ... ...

    Abstract Extant literature suggests that many individuals obtain firearms because they perceive the world as unsafe and believe that firearm ownership increases physical protection. Converging evidence suggests that firearm owners are vulnerable to uncertainty and experience chronic anticipatory anxiety in daily life; however, biological sex is thought to potentially moderate this association. Studies have yet to examine this hypothesis using objective markers of anticipatory anxiety. The present study therefore examined the impact of handgun ownership and biological sex on psychophysiological reactivity to predictable (P-) and unpredictable (U-) threat (N = 133). Male and female adult participants were classified into two groups: a) individuals who do not currently own any handguns (n = 52), and b) individuals who currently own one or more handguns (n = 81). Startle eyeblink potentiation was recorded as an index of aversive reactivity during a well-validated threat-of-shock paradigm designed to probe anticipatory anxiety (during U-threat) and fear (during P-threat). Results revealed no main effect of group on startle reactivity to P- or U-threat. Females displayed greater startle reactivity to threat (P- and U-) compared with males. The main effect was qualified by a significant group x biological sex interaction. Male handgun owners exhibited greater startle to U-threat, but not P-threat, relative to non-handgun owners. There was no effect of group on startle reactivity in females. Findings revealed that biological sex and threat type influenced threat reactivity. Male handgun owners displayed increased sensitivity to stressors that are uncertain, which may reflect an objective mechanism related to firearm ownership.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Ownership ; Anxiety ; Fear/physiology ; Mental Disorders ; Reflex, Startle/physiology
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-01-05
    Erscheinungsland Netherlands
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605645-3
    ISSN 1872-7697 ; 0167-8760
    ISSN (online) 1872-7697
    ISSN 0167-8760
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112297
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel ; Online: A dynamical systems approach to examining the efficacy of suicide-focused interventions.

    Butner, Jonathan E / Bryan, Craig J / Munion, Ascher K / Tabares, Jeffrey V

    Suicide & life-threatening behavior

    2021  Band 51, Heft 1, Seite(n) 97–114

    Abstract: Objective: Suicide risk is a nonlinear temporal process, but the ways in which suicide-focused interventions have statistically examined risk effects have ignored these nonlinearities. This paper highlights the potential benefits of using data analytic ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Suicide risk is a nonlinear temporal process, but the ways in which suicide-focused interventions have statistically examined risk effects have ignored these nonlinearities. This paper highlights the potential benefits of using data analytic methods that account for nonlinear change patterns.
    Method: Using a dynamical systems perspective, interventions are framed in terms of attractor dynamics. An attractor has three primary qualities where an intervention can have an effect. These correspond to contextual differences, shifts in the underlying temporal patterns, and changes in the stability of the temporal pattern.
    Results/conclusions: It is argued that the ideal effect is one in which there is both an observed change in stability and a shift in the underlying temporal pattern toward less risk. Other types of intervention effects can have alternate explanations that are less desirable. Mean, variance, and growth differences are discussed within a systems context, and an example model is provided using Latent Change Score Modeling (McArdle, Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 2009, 577-605).
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Suicide/prevention & control ; Systems Analysis
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-03-27
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 750058-0
    ISSN 1943-278X ; 0047-4592 ; 0363-0234
    ISSN (online) 1943-278X
    ISSN 0047-4592 ; 0363-0234
    DOI 10.1111/sltb.12675
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Indicators of Psychological Health and Suicidal Ideation Within an Active Duty U.S. Military Population.

    Baker, Justin C / Bhola, Simran / Tabares, Jeffrey V / Beckman, Derek / Martin, Christiana / Khazem, Lauren R / Bryan, AnnaBelle O / Bryan, Craig J

    Military medicine

    2023  Band 188, Heft Suppl 6, Seite(n) 450–456

    Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the psychological health of individuals. The pandemic has contributed to increased anxiety, elevated rates of depression, and worsening suicidal ideation among civilians. Reported rates ...

    Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the psychological health of individuals. The pandemic has contributed to increased anxiety, elevated rates of depression, and worsening suicidal ideation among civilians. Reported rates of burnout are also elevated as employees and employers adapted to ever-changing work environments, finding it increasingly difficult to maintain a work-life balance. The objective of this study is to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the psychological health and rates of suicidal ideation of active duty military personnel in the USA.
    Materials and methods: A total of 2055 military personnel and military-adjacent employees stationed at a U.S. Air Force base completed a self-report survey that was administered six times from January 2020 to December 2021. Validated scales assessed measures of psychological health and suicidal ideation. General Estimating Equations were used to examine how indicators of time and psychological health predicted suicidal ideation in a military population.
    Results: Life satisfaction, happiness, feeling life is worthwhile, depression severity, and suicidal ideation did not statistically change across the six time points. Worry (P < .01) and depression (P < .001) did decrease significantly, while burnout (P = .01) significantly increased across these time points. Feeling life is worthwhile significantly predicted reduced suicidal ideation (B = -.19; SE = 0.05), while depression (B = 0.11; SE = 0.03), depression severity (B = 0.24; SE = 0.05), worry (B = 0.06; SE = 0.02), and burnout (B = 0.15; SE = 0.07) predicted increased suicidal ideation.
    Conclusions: The rates of depression and worry decreased throughout the pandemic for those in the study while rates of suicidal ideation remained constant, demonstrating the potential resilience of military personnel and military-adjacent employees in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, burnout increased and significantly predicted elevated rates of suicidal ideation, highlighting the importance of focusing on reducing workplace stressors for military personnel.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Suicidal Ideation ; Military Personnel ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Emotions ; Depression/epidemiology ; Depression/psychology
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-11-10
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 391061-1
    ISSN 1930-613X ; 0026-4075
    ISSN (online) 1930-613X
    ISSN 0026-4075
    DOI 10.1093/milmed/usad200
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Heightened threat perceptions and reduced stability in anxiety and fear among U.S. adults who carry handguns.

    Bryan, Craig J / Daruwala, Samantha E / Tabares, Jeffrey V / Butner, Jonathan E / Coccaro, Emil F / Gorka, Stephanie M

    Journal of anxiety disorders

    2023  Band 99, Seite(n) 102764

    Abstract: Firearm carrying is often motivated to provide safety and is correlated with increased anxiety related to elevated perceptions of the world as a dangerous place. No studies have investigated affective states among firearm owners as they occur in their ... ...

    Abstract Firearm carrying is often motivated to provide safety and is correlated with increased anxiety related to elevated perceptions of the world as a dangerous place. No studies have investigated affective states among firearm owners as they occur in their natural environments. This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine cognitive-affective states among firearm owners who carry handguns outside their home (n = 35), firearm owners who do not carry (n = 47), and non-firearm owners (n = 62). Participants completed a self-report questionnaire at baseline followed by EMA surveys of mood state with the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) 6 times per day for 28 consecutive days. Carry handgun owners reported significantly higher threat perceptions, measured with the negative cognitions about the world subscale of the shortened Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI), than no-carry handgun owners (M
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Adult ; Firearms ; Anxiety ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Anxiety Disorders ; Fear
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-08-15
    Erscheinungsland Netherlands
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 619417-5
    ISSN 1873-7897 ; 0887-6185
    ISSN (online) 1873-7897
    ISSN 0887-6185
    DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102764
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  5. Artikel ; Online: A dynamical systems analysis of change in PTSD symptoms, depression symptoms, and suicidal ideation among military personnel during treatment for PTSD.

    Bryan, Craig J / Butner, Jonathan E / Tabares, Jeffrey V / Brown, Lily A / Young-McCaughan, Stacey / Hale, Willie J / Litz, Brett T / Yarvis, Jeffrey S / Fina, Brooke A / Foa, Edna B / Resick, Patricia A / Peterson, Alan L

    Journal of affective disorders

    2024  Band 350, Seite(n) 125–132

    Abstract: Objective: The connections among posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and suicidal ideation are elusive because of an overreliance on cross-sectional studies. In this secondary analysis of pooled data from three clinical trials of 742 ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The connections among posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and suicidal ideation are elusive because of an overreliance on cross-sectional studies. In this secondary analysis of pooled data from three clinical trials of 742 military personnel, we examined the dynamic relationships among PTSD, depression, and suicidal ideation severity assessed repeatedly during and after outpatient treatment for PTSD.
    Methods: We conducted dynamical systems analyses to explore the potential for coordinated change over time in psychotherapy for PTSD.
    Results: Over the course of psychotherapy, PTSD, depression, and suicidal ideation severity changed in coordinated ways, consistent with an interdependent network. Results of eigenvalue decomposition analysis indicated the dominant change dynamic involved high stability and resistance to change but indicators of cycling were also observed, indicating participants "switched" between states that resisted change and states that promoted change. Depression (B = 0.48, SE = 0.11) and suicidal desire (B = 0.15, SE = 0.01) at a given assessment were associated with greater change in PTSD symptom severity at the next assessment. Suicidal desire (B = 0.001, SE < 0.001) at a given assessment was associated with greater change in depression symptom severity at the next assessment. Neither PTSD (B = -0.004, SE = 0.007) nor depression symptom severity (B = 0.000, SE = 0.001) was associated with subsequent change in suicidal ideation severity.
    Conclusions: In a sample of treatment-seeking military personnel with PTSD, change in suicidal ideation and depression may precede change in PTSD symptoms but change in suicidal ideation was not preceded by change in PTSD or depression symptoms.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Military Personnel ; Suicidal Ideation ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Depression/therapy ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Veterans
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-01-12
    Erscheinungsland Netherlands
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 135449-8
    ISSN 1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
    ISSN (online) 1573-2517
    ISSN 0165-0327
    DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.107
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Artikel ; Online: Mokken Scale Analysis of Lifetime Responses on the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale's Severity of Ideation Subscale.

    Tabares, Jeffrey V / Butner, Jonathan E / Bryan, Craig J / A Harris, Julia

    Assessment

    2020  Band 28, Heft 6, Seite(n) 1624–1634

    Abstract: Suicide risk screening assumes that suicidal thoughts and behaviors exist on a continuous, hierarchical spectrum with some suicidal thoughts implicated with greater risk for suicidal behaviors. However, screening measures based on the hierarchical model ... ...

    Abstract Suicide risk screening assumes that suicidal thoughts and behaviors exist on a continuous, hierarchical spectrum with some suicidal thoughts implicated with greater risk for suicidal behaviors. However, screening measures based on the hierarchical model may not capture the suicide risk construct. This study assessed psychometric properties of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS) for (a) between- and within-person measurement dimensions, (b) item utility in capturing the suicide risk construct, and (c) tenability of a hierarchical risk model. We found that the CSSRS functions differentially between and within individuals, CSSRS items capture more suicide risk construct, and that CSSRS items in current practice likely appear in the correct order. The current CSSRS reasonably represents within-person suicide risk, but not between-person risk. Scale norms or alternate scoring could facilitate functional equivalence and utility for between- and within-person CSSRS dimensions.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide ; Suicide, Attempted
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-04-21
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1362144-0
    ISSN 1552-3489 ; 1073-1911
    ISSN (online) 1552-3489
    ISSN 1073-1911
    DOI 10.1177/1073191120913626
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Artikel ; Online: The role of depression and suicidal cognitions as contributors to suicide risk among active duty soldiers reporting symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.

    Rugo, Kelsi F / Tabares, Jeffrey V / Crowell, Sheila E / Baucom, Brian R / Rudd, M David / Bryan, Craig J

    Journal of affective disorders

    2020  Band 265, Seite(n) 333–341

    Abstract: Background: Military suicide rates have risen across all service branches, with the overall rate surpassing that of the general population for the first time in history in 2008. Service members with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at a ... ...

    Abstract Background: Military suicide rates have risen across all service branches, with the overall rate surpassing that of the general population for the first time in history in 2008. Service members with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at a substantially higher risk for suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and death by suicide than their peers without PTSD. While the link between PTSD and suicide is well established in the literature, less is known about the precise nature of that connection. Several constructs have been implicated as potential mediators of this relation, such as depression, alcohol use, suicidal cognitions, and sleep disturbance. Yet, to our knowledge, these constructs have never been examined simultaneously in a single model to determine mediational influence for suicide risk among soldiers with PTSD.
    Methods: A sample of 172 active duty Army soldiers completed a series of measures targeting the aforementioned constructs. Data were analyzed using mediation model analyses.
    Results: Suicidal cognitions fully mediated the relation between PTSD symptoms and current suicide risk severity. The indirect effect for suicidal cognitions was significantly larger than indirect effects for alcohol use, depression, and sleep disturbance. Exploratory analyses suggest serial mediation of the relation between PTSD and current suicide risk by depression and suicidal cognitions.
    Limitations: These results should be interpreted within the context of study limitations, to include use of self-report data and inability to firmly establish temporal sequencing assumed in mediation.
    Conclusions: Implications of this study include the improvement of suicide risk assessment and individualized treatment planning for suicidal military personnel with PTSD.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Cognition ; Depression ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; Risk Factors ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Suicidal Ideation
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-01-23
    Erscheinungsland Netherlands
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 135449-8
    ISSN 1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
    ISSN (online) 1573-2517
    ISSN 0165-0327
    DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.095
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  8. Artikel ; Online: Temporal-dimensional examination of the Scale for Suicidal Ideation in a cohort of service members in treatment for PTSD.

    Butner, Jonathan E / Bryan, Craig J / Tabares, Jeffrey V / Brown, Lily A / Young-McCaughan, Stacey / Hale, Willie J / Mintz, Jim / Litz, Brett T / Yarvis, Jeffrey S / Fina, Brooke A / Foa, Edna B / Resick, Patricia A / Peterson, Alan L

    Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

    2021  Band 13, Heft 7, Seite(n) 793–801

    Abstract: Objective: Failing to account for temporal dynamics can hinder our understanding of suicidal ideation and the potential mechanisms underlying increased risk for suicide death and suicide attempts associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Failing to account for temporal dynamics can hinder our understanding of suicidal ideation and the potential mechanisms underlying increased risk for suicide death and suicide attempts associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To address these limitations, this study used an analytic approach based on Dynamical Systems Theory to describe temporal patterns associated with multiple dimensions of suicidal ideation in a treatment-seeking sample of military personnel diagnosed with PTSD.
    Method: We performed a secondary analysis of archived data from 742 active-duty military personnel (90% male, 57% white, mean age = 33 ± 7.4 years) enrolled in three clinical trials to examine the dimensional measurement properties of the first 5 items of the Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI).
    Results: Findings indicated two change dynamics for suicidal ideation: homeostatic (i.e., the tendency for suicidal ideation to return to a stable point) and cyclical (i.e., the tendency for suicidal ideation to switch back and forth between higher and lower values). Cycling was the dominant dynamic and was related to variables other from suicidal ideation.
    Conclusion: The cyclic nature of suicidal ideation suggests that assessment timing and context could influence observed associations with other variables. Analytic approaches and clinical methods that do not account for the temporal dynamics of suicide risk could miss these properties, thereby hindering efforts to identify mechanisms underlying the relationship between PTSD and suicidal thoughts and behaviors and limiting opportunities for proactive and timely intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adult ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide, Attempted
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-04-22
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2497028-1
    ISSN 1942-969X ; 1942-9681
    ISSN (online) 1942-969X
    ISSN 1942-9681
    DOI 10.1037/tra0001030
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Artikel ; Online: Identifying suicidal subtypes and dynamic indicators of increasing and decreasing suicide risk in active duty military personnel: Study protocol.

    Brown, Lily A / Bryan, Craig J / Butner, Jonathan E / Tabares, Jeffrey V / Young-McCaughan, Stacey / Hale, Willie J / Fina, Brooke A / Foa, Edna B / Resick, Patricia A / Taylor, Daniel J / Coon, Hillary / Williamson, Douglas E / Dondanville, Katherine A / Borah, Elisa V / McLean, Carmen P / Wachen, Jennifer Schuster / Pruiksma, Kristi E / Hernandez, Ann Marie / Litz, Brett T /
    Mintz, Jim / Yarvis, Jeffrey S / Borah, Adam M / Nicholson, Karin L / Maurer, Douglas M / Kelly, Kevin M / Peterson, Alan L

    Contemporary clinical trials communications

    2021  Band 21, Seite(n) 100752

    Abstract: Objectives: Several recent studies have demonstrated that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and insomnia treatments are associated with significant reductions in suicidal ideation (SI) among service members. However, few investigations have evaluated ...

    Abstract Objectives: Several recent studies have demonstrated that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and insomnia treatments are associated with significant reductions in suicidal ideation (SI) among service members. However, few investigations have evaluated the manner in which suicide risk changes over time among military personnel receiving PTSD or insomnia treatments. This paper describes the study protocol for a project with these aims: (1) explore potential genetic, clinical, and demographic subtypes of suicide risk in a large cohort of deployed service members; (2) explore subtype change in SI as a result of evidence-based psychotherapies for PTSD and insomnia; (3) evaluate the speed of change in suicide risk; and (4) identify predictors of higher- and lower-risk for suicide.
    Methods: Active duty military personnel were recruited for four clinical trials (three for PTSD treatment and one for insomnia treatment) and a large prospective epidemiological study of deployed service members, all conducted through the South Texas Research Organizational Network Guiding Studies on Trauma and Resilience (STRONG STAR Consortium). Participants completed similar measures of demographic and clinical characteristics and subsets provided blood samples for genetic testing. The primary measures that we will analyze are the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, Beck Depression Inventory, and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-IV.
    Discussion: Results from this study will offer new insights into the presence of discrete subtypes of suicide risk among active duty personnel, changes in risk over time among those subtypes, and predictors of subtypes. Findings will inform treatment development for military service members at risk for suicide.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-02-16
    Erscheinungsland Netherlands
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ISSN 2451-8654
    ISSN (online) 2451-8654
    DOI 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100752
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Artikel ; Online: Temporal trends in new exposure to antiepileptic drug monotherapy and suicide-related behavior.

    Pugh, Mary Jo V / Hesdorffer, Dale / Wang, Chen-Pin / Amuan, Megan E / Tabares, Jeffrey V / Finley, Erin P / Cramer, Joyce A / Kanner, Andres M / Bryan, Craig J

    Neurology

    2013  Band 81, Heft 22, Seite(n) 1900–1906

    Abstract: Objective: Because some recent studies suggest increased risk for suicide-related behavior (SRB; ideation, attempts) among those receiving antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), we examined the temporal relationship between new AED exposure and SRB in a cohort of ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Because some recent studies suggest increased risk for suicide-related behavior (SRB; ideation, attempts) among those receiving antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), we examined the temporal relationship between new AED exposure and SRB in a cohort of older veterans.
    Methods: We used national Veterans Health Administration databases to identify veterans aged ≥65 years who received a new AED prescription in 2004-2006. All instances of SRB were identified using ICD-9-CM codes 1 year before and after the AED exposure (index) date. We also identified comorbid conditions and medication associated with SRB in prior research. We used generalized estimating equations with a logit link to examine the association between new AED exposure and SRB during 30-day intervals during the year before and after the index date, controlling for potential confounders.
    Results: In this cohort of 90,263 older veterans, the likelihood of SRB the month prior to AED exposure was significantly higher than in other time periods even after adjusting for potential confounders. Although there were 87 SRB events (74 individuals) the year before and 106 SRB events (92 individuals) after, approximately 22% (n = 16) of those also had SRB before the index date. Moreover, the rate of SRB after AED start was gradually reduced over time.
    Conclusions: The temporal pattern of AED exposure and SRB suggests that, in clinical practice, the peak in SRB is prior to exposure. While speculative, the rate of gradual reduction in SRB thereafter suggests that symptoms may prompt AED prescription.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anticonvulsants/adverse effects ; Cohort Studies ; Databases, Factual ; Epilepsy/drug therapy ; Epilepsy/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Suicide/psychology ; Suicide/statistics & numerical data ; Suicide/trends ; United States ; United States Department of Veterans Affairs/statistics & numerical data ; Veterans
    Chemische Substanzen Anticonvulsants
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2013-10-30
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 207147-2
    ISSN 1526-632X ; 0028-3878
    ISSN (online) 1526-632X
    ISSN 0028-3878
    DOI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000436614.51081.2e
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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