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  1. Article ; Online: Characterization of aerosol in the atmosphere at Syowa Station by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF)

    Tomoki Aoyama / Hitoshi Asano / Tadashi Kikuchi / Makoto Wada

    Antarctic Record, Vol 54, Iss special issue, Pp 835-

    2010  Volume 844

    Abstract: The particle size distribution has been continuously measured by optical particle counter at Syowa Station. Physical and chemical properties of particulate matter have been analyzed in the laboratory after arriving in Japan. However, the properties of ... ...

    Abstract The particle size distribution has been continuously measured by optical particle counter at Syowa Station. Physical and chemical properties of particulate matter have been analyzed in the laboratory after arriving in Japan. However, the properties of particles may be changed in this case. In the present work, the atmospheric particulate matter at Syowa Station, Antarctica was characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) at Syowa Station. The advantages of this method have non destructive, rapid and simple analysis. The particle samples were collected on a Teflon filter; the obtained particles were measured by XRF (HORIBA, X-ray Analytical Microscope XGT-5000) on site soon for elemental analysis. The obtained results show that collected particles mainly contain sea salt (Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca) and soil (Si, Fe) origin components. The particles from sea salt and soil origin increased under blizzard and strong wind condition. Sulfur increased in summer, and decreased in winter while particles from sea salt decreased in summer.
    Keywords Geography (General) ; G1-922
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher National Institute of Polar Research
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Characterization of aerosol in the atmosphere at Syowa Station by Helium Microwave Induced Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (He-MIP-AES)

    Hitoshi Asano / Tomoki Aoyama / Tadashi Kikuchi / Makoto Wada

    Antarctic Record, Vol 54, Iss special issue, Pp 819-

    2010  Volume 834

    Abstract: Atmospheric aerosols at Syowa Station, Antarctica were characterized by helium microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry (He-MIP-AES). The He-MIP-AES can be considered as a suitable method for the characterization of the atmospheric ... ...

    Abstract Atmospheric aerosols at Syowa Station, Antarctica were characterized by helium microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry (He-MIP-AES). The He-MIP-AES can be considered as a suitable method for the characterization of the atmospheric particulate matter since measurements of grain size distribution, elemental analysis for each particle, and chemical state analysis can be available simultaneously. Previous characterization methods such as XRF, PIXE and ICP-MS cannot provide in situ analysis and they need a long time to measure of the distribution of the particle diameter and elemental analysis of each particle. The particle samples in the atmosphere were collected on the membrane lter at Syowa Station in Antarctica. The obtained particles were analyzed by the He-MIP-AES (HORIBA, particle analyzer DP-1000). Elemental analysis, chemical state analysis, and grain diameter distribution analysis were performed. The collected particles mainly contain sea salt (Na, Mg and Ca) and soil origin constituents (Si and Fe). The counts of each element increase under blizzard and strong wind condition.
    Keywords Geography (General) ; G1-922
    Subject code 530
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher National Institute of Polar Research
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Rapid HIV-1 Disease Progression in Individuals Infected with a Virus Adapted to Its Host Population.

    Jiro Katoh / Ai Kawana-Tachikawa / Akihisa Shimizu / Dayong Zhu / Chungyong Han / Hitomi Nakamura / Michiko Koga / Tadashi Kikuchi / Eisuke Adachi / Tomohiko Koibuchi / George F Gao / Zabrina L Brumme / Aikichi Iwamoto

    PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 3, p e

    2016  Volume 0150397

    Abstract: HIV-1 escape from CTL is predictable based on the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I alleles expressed by the host. As such, HIV-1 sequences circulating in a population of hosts will harbor escape mutations specific to the HLA alleles of that ... ...

    Abstract HIV-1 escape from CTL is predictable based on the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I alleles expressed by the host. As such, HIV-1 sequences circulating in a population of hosts will harbor escape mutations specific to the HLA alleles of that population. In theory, this should increase the frequency of escape mutation transmission to persons expressing the restricting HLA allele, thereby compromising host immunity to the incoming HIV-1 strain. However, the clinical impact of infection with HIV-1 containing immune escape mutations has not conclusively been demonstrated. Japan's population features limited HLA diversity which is driving population-level HIV adaptation: for example, >60% of Japanese express HLA-A*24:02 and its associated Nef-Y135F escape mutation represents the population consensus. As such, Japan is an ideal population in which to examine this phenomenon. Here, we combine genetic and immunological analyses to identify A*24:02-positive individuals likely to have been infected with Y135F-containing HIV-1. Over a ~5 year follow-up, these individuals exhibited significantly lower CD4 counts compared to individuals inferred to have been infected with wild-type HIV-1. Our results support a significant negative clinical impact of pathogen adaptation to host pressures at the population level.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Aerosol observations at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard from December 1997 to March 1998

    Makoto Wada / Sadamu Yamagata / Tadashi Kikuchi

    Antarctic Record, Vol 46, Iss 1A, Pp 261-

    2002  Volume 268

    Abstract: Aerosol observations were carried out at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard. Arctic from December 15, 1997 to March 11, 1998. Variation of aerosol particle number in the period measured by the optical particle counter is reported in this paper. Three observational ... ...

    Abstract Aerosol observations were carried out at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard. Arctic from December 15, 1997 to March 11, 1998. Variation of aerosol particle number in the period measured by the optical particle counter is reported in this paper. Three observational flights around Svalbard were carried out between March 8 and 10,1998. The flights were part of the Arctic Airborne Measurement Program 1998 (AAMP 98). Detailed data in the above period are also reported for supporting discussions with flight observation data.
    Keywords Geography (General) ; G1-922
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher National Institute of Polar Research
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Development and customization of a color-coded microbeads-based assay for drug resistance in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

    Lijun Gu / Ai Kawana-Tachikawa / Teiichiro Shiino / Hitomi Nakamura / Michiko Koga / Tadashi Kikuchi / Eisuke Adachi / Tomohiko Koibuchi / Takaomi Ishida / George F Gao / Masaki Matsushita / Wataru Sugiura / Aikichi Iwamoto / Noriaki Hosoya

    PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 10, p e

    2014  Volume 109823

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Drug resistance (DR) of HIV-1 can be examined genotypically or phenotypically. Although sequencing is the gold standard of the genotypic resistance testing (GRT), high-throughput GRT targeted to the codons responsible for DR may be more ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Drug resistance (DR) of HIV-1 can be examined genotypically or phenotypically. Although sequencing is the gold standard of the genotypic resistance testing (GRT), high-throughput GRT targeted to the codons responsible for DR may be more appropriate for epidemiological studies and public health research. METHODS: We used a Japanese database to design and synthesize sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (SSOP) for the detection of wild-type sequences and 6 DR mutations in the clade B HIV-1 reverse transcriptase region. We coupled SSOP to microbeads of the Luminex 100 xMAP system and developed a GRT based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-SSOP-Luminex method. RESULTS: Sixteen oligoprobes for discriminating DR mutations from wild-type sequences at 6 loci were designed and synthesized, and their sensitivity and specificity were confirmed using isogenic plasmids. The PCR-SSOP-Luminex DR assay was then compared to direct sequencing using 74 plasma specimens from treatment-naïve patients or those on failing treatment. In the majority of specimens, the results of the PCR-SSOP-Luminex DR assay were concordant with sequencing results: 62/74 (83.8%) for M41, 43/74 (58.1%) for K65, 70/74 (94.6%) for K70, 55/73 (75.3%) for K103, 63/73 (86.3%) for M184 and 68/73 (93.2%) for T215. There were a number of specimens without any positive signals, especially for K65. The nucleotide position of A2723G, A2747G and C2750T were frequent polymorphisms for the wild-type amino acids K65, K66 and D67, respectively, and 14 specimens had the D67N mutation encoded by G2748A. We synthesized 14 additional oligoprobes for K65, and the sensitivity for K65 loci improved from 43/74 (58.1%) to 68/74 (91.9%). CONCLUSIONS: We developed a rapid high-throughput assay for clade B HIV-1 DR mutations, which could be customized by synthesizing oligoprobes suitable for the circulating viruses. The assay could be a useful tool especially for public health research in both resource-rich and resource-limited settings.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity of upper respiratory specimens from COVID-19 patients by virus isolation using VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells

    Tadaki Suzuki / Souichi Yamada / Shuetsu Fukushi / Hitomi Kinoshita / Makoto Ohnishi / Tsuguto Fujimoto / Masayuki Saijo / Ken Maeda / Nozomu Hanaoka / Naomi Nojiri / Ai Kawana-Tachikawa / Shigeru Kusagawa / Koichi Ishikawa / Shigeyoshi Harada / Saori Matsuoka / Tadashi Kikuchi / Sayuri Seki / Midori Nakamura-Hoshi / Shoji Miki /
    Lucky Ronald Runtuwene / Nobuo Koizumi / Sunao Iyoda / Hideyuki Takahashi / Hidemasa Izumiya / Jiro Mitobe / Shouji Yamamoto / Masatomo Morita / Ken-ichi Lee / Ken Shimuta / Kyoko Saito / Masayoshi Fukasawa / Yasutaka Hoshino / Ken Miyazawa / Minoru Nagi / Chikako Shimokawa / Yasuyuki Morishima / Takashi Sakudoh / Yoshihiro Kaku / Chang Kweng Lim / Shigeru Tajima / Takahiro Maeki / Eri Nakayama / Satoshi Taniguchi / Motohiko Ogawa / Takanobu Kato / Hussein Hassan Aly / Kousho Wakae / Kento Fukano

    BMJ Open Respiratory Research, Vol 8, Iss

    2021  Volume 1

    Abstract: Background An outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-associated respiratory infectious diseases (COVID-19) emerged in 2019 and has spread rapidly in humans around the world. The demonstration of in vitro infectiousness of respiratory specimens is an ... ...

    Abstract Background An outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-associated respiratory infectious diseases (COVID-19) emerged in 2019 and has spread rapidly in humans around the world. The demonstration of in vitro infectiousness of respiratory specimens is an informative surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 transmission from patients with COVID-19; accordingly, viral isolation assays in cell culture are an important aspect of laboratory diagnostics for COVID-19.Methods We developed a simple and rapid protocol for isolating SARS-CoV-2 from respiratory specimens using VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells, a cell line that is highly susceptible to the virus. We also investigated a correlation between isolation of SARS-CoV-2 and viral load detected by real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) using N2 primer/probe set that has been developed for testing of COVID-19 in Japan.Results The SARS-CoV-2 isolation protocol did not require blind passage of inoculated cells and yielded the results of viral isolation within 7 days after inoculation. Specimens with cycle threshold (Ct) values of <20.2, determined by rRT-PCR, were predicted to be isolation-positive. On the other hand, 6.9% of specimens with Ct values >35 were virus isolation-positive, indicating that low viral loads (high Ct values) in upper respiratory specimens do not always indicate no risk of containing transmissible virus.Conclusion In combination with rRT-PCR, the SARS-CoV-2 isolation protocol provides a means for assessing the potential risk of transmissible virus in upper respiratory specimens.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Diseases of the respiratory system ; RC705-779
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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