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  1. Article ; Online: IRF3 Activation in Mast Cells Promotes FcεRI-Mediated Allergic Inflammation

    Young-Ae Choi / Hima Dhakal / Soyoung Lee / Namkyung Kim / Byungheon Lee / Taeg Kyu Kwon / Dongwoo Khang / Sang-Hyun Kim

    Cells, Vol 12, Iss 1493, p

    2023  Volume 1493

    Abstract: 1) Background: This study aims to elucidate a novel non-transcriptional action of IRF3 in addition to its role as a transcription factor in mast cell activation and associated allergic inflammation; (2) Methods: For in vitro experiments, mouse bone- ... ...

    Abstract (1) Background: This study aims to elucidate a novel non-transcriptional action of IRF3 in addition to its role as a transcription factor in mast cell activation and associated allergic inflammation; (2) Methods: For in vitro experiments, mouse bone-marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMCs) and a rat basophilic leukemia cell line (RBL-2H3) were used for investigating the underlying mechanism of IRF3 in mast-cell-mediated allergic inflammation. For in vivo experiments, wild-type and Irf3 knockout mice were used for evaluating IgE-mediated local and systemic anaphylaxis; (3) Results: Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA)-induced tissues showed highly increased IRF3 activity. In addition, the activation of IRF3 was observed in DNP-HSA-treated mast cells. Phosphorylated IRF3 by DNP-HSA was spatially co-localized with tryptase according to the mast cell activation process, and FcεRI-mediated signaling pathways directly regulated that activity. The alteration of IRF3 affected the production of granule contents in the mast cells and the anaphylaxis responses, including PCA- and ovalbumin-induced active systemic anaphylaxis. Furthermore, IRF3 influenced the post-translational processing of histidine decarboxylase (HDC), which is required for granule maturation; and (4) Conclusion: Through this study, we demonstrated the novel function of IRF3 as an important factor inducing mast cell activation and as an upstream molecule for HDC activity.
    Keywords allergic inflammation ; histamine ; histidine decarboxylase ; interferon regulatory factor 3 ; mast cells ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Magnolol Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of TRAIL through DR5 Upregulation and Downregulation of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 Proteins in Cancer Cells

    Seon Min Woo / Kyoung-jin Min / Taeg Kyu Kwon

    Molecules, Vol 25, Iss 4591, p

    2020  Volume 4591

    Abstract: Magnolol is a biologically active compound, isolated from the Chinese herb Magnolia , that regulates antiproliferative, anticancer, antiangiogenic and antimetastatic activities. We found that magnolol sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptotic cell death via ... ...

    Abstract Magnolol is a biologically active compound, isolated from the Chinese herb Magnolia , that regulates antiproliferative, anticancer, antiangiogenic and antimetastatic activities. We found that magnolol sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptotic cell death via upregulation of DR5 and downregulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and Mcl-1 in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. Mechanistically, magnolol increased ATF4-dependent DR5 expression at the transcription level, and knockdown of ATF4 markedly inhibited magnolol-induced DR5 upregulation. Silencing DR5 with siRNA prevented combined treatment with magnolol and TRAIL-induced apoptosis and PARP cleavage. Magnolol induced proteasome-mediated Mcl-1 downregulation, while magnolol-induced c-FLIP downregulation was regulated, at least in part, by lysosomal degradation. Our results revealed that magnolol enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis via ATF4-dependent DR5 upregulation and downregulation of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 proteins.
    Keywords Magnolol ; TRAIL ; DR5 ; c-FLIP ; Mcl-1 ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Inhibition of Drp1 Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis through Transcriptional Inhibition of c-FLIP Expression

    Seon Min Woo / Kyoung-jin Min / Taeg Kyu Kwon

    Molecules, Vol 25, Iss 5793, p

    2020  Volume 5793

    Abstract: Mitochondrial fragmentation occurs during the apoptosis. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) acts as an important component in mitochondrial fission machinery and can regulate various biological processes including apoptosis, cell cycle, and proliferation. ... ...

    Abstract Mitochondrial fragmentation occurs during the apoptosis. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) acts as an important component in mitochondrial fission machinery and can regulate various biological processes including apoptosis, cell cycle, and proliferation. The present study demonstrates that dysfunction of mitochondrial dynamics plays a pivotal role in cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Inhibiting the mitochondrial fission with the specific inhibitor (Mdivi-1) did not affect apoptotic cell death in low concentrations (<10 mM). Interestingly, mdivi-1 enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. Particularly in the presence of mdivi-1, several human cancer cell lines, including renal carcinoma cell line Caki-1, became vulnerable to cisplatin by demonstrating the traits of caspase 3-dependent apoptosis. Combined treatment induced downregulation of c-FLIP expression transcriptionally, and ectopic expression of c-FLIP attenuated combined treatment-induced apoptotic cell death with mdivi-1 plus cisplatin. Collectively, our data provide evidence that mdivi-1 might be a cisplatin sensitizer.
    Keywords Mdivi-1 ; cisplatin ; apoptosis ; c-FLIP ; Drp1 ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Inhibition of BMI-1 Induces Apoptosis through Downregulation of DUB3-Mediated Mcl-1 Stabilization

    Kaixin Wu / Seon-Min Woo / Seung-Un Seo / Taeg-Kyu Kwon

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 10107, p

    2021  Volume 10107

    Abstract: BMI-1, a polycomb ring finger oncogene, is highly expressed in multiple cancer cells and is involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. BMI-1 represents a cancer stemness marker that is associated with the regulation of stem cell self- ...

    Abstract BMI-1, a polycomb ring finger oncogene, is highly expressed in multiple cancer cells and is involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. BMI-1 represents a cancer stemness marker that is associated with the regulation of stem cell self-renewal. In this study, pharmacological inhibition (PTC596) or knockdown (siRNA) of BMI-1 reduced cancer stem-like cells and enhanced cancer cell death. Mechanistically, the inhibition of BMI-1 induced the downregulation of Mcl-1 protein, but not Mcl-1 mRNA. PTC596 downregulated Mcl-1 protein expression at the post-translational level through the proteasome-ubiquitin system. PTC596 and BMI-1 siRNA induced downregulation of DUB3 deubiquitinase, which was strongly linked to Mcl-1 destabilization. Furthermore, overexpression of Mcl-1 or DUB3 inhibited apoptosis by PTC596. Taken together, our findings reveal that the inhibition of BMI-1 induces Mcl-1 destabilization through downregulation of DUB3, resulting in the induction of cancer cell death.
    Keywords cancer stem-like cell ; BMI-1 ; PTC596 ; Mcl-1 ; apoptosis ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Lucanthone, Autophagy Inhibitor, Enhances the Apoptotic Effects of TRAIL through miR-216a-5p-Mediated DR5 Upregulation and DUB3-Mediated Mcl-1 Downregulation

    Ji Yun Yoon / Seon Min Woo / Seung Un Seo / So Rae Song / Seul Gi Lee / Taeg Kyu Kwon

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 17, p

    2022  Volume 17

    Abstract: A lucanthone, one of the family of thioxanthenones, has been reported for its inhibitory effects of apurinic endonuclease-1 and autophagy. In this study, we investigated whether lucanthone could enhance tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ... ...

    Abstract A lucanthone, one of the family of thioxanthenones, has been reported for its inhibitory effects of apurinic endonuclease-1 and autophagy. In this study, we investigated whether lucanthone could enhance tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in various cancer cells. Combined treatment with lucanthone and TRAIL significantly induced apoptosis in human renal carcinoma (Caki and ACHN), prostate carcinoma (PC3), and lung carcinoma (A549) cells. However, combined treatment did not induce apoptosis in normal mouse kidney cells (TCMK-1) and normal human skin fibroblast (HSF). Lucanthone downregulated protein expression of deubiquitinase DUB3, and a decreased expression level of DUB3 markedly led to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Ectopic expression of DUB3 inhibited combined treatment with lucanthone and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, lucanthone increased expression level of DR5 mRNA via downregulation of miR-216a-5p . Transfection of miR-216a-5p mimics suppressed the lucanthone-induced DR5 upregulation. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that lucanthone enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through DR5 upregulation by downregulation of miR-216a-5p and DUB3-dependent Mcl-1 downregulation in human renal carcinoma cells.
    Keywords lucanthone ; DR5 ; miR-216a-5p ; Mcl-1 ; DUB3 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Early life exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) impacts vital biological processes in Xenopus laevis

    Tayaba Ismail / Hyun-Kyung Lee / Hongchan Lee / Youni Kim / Eunjeong Kim / Jun-Yeong Lee / Kee-Beom Kim / Hong-Yeoul Ryu / Dong-Hyung Cho / Taeg Kyu Kwon / Tae Joo Park / Taejoon Kwon / Hyun-Shik Lee

    Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 269, Iss , Pp 115820- (2024)

    Integrated morphometric and transcriptomic analyses

    1481  

    Abstract: Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant associated with increasing health concerns and environmental hazards. Toxicological analyses of PFOS exposure are hampered by large interspecies variations and limited studies on the ...

    Abstract Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant associated with increasing health concerns and environmental hazards. Toxicological analyses of PFOS exposure are hampered by large interspecies variations and limited studies on the mechanistic details of PFOS-induced toxicity. We investigated the effects of PFOS exposure on Xenopus laevis embryos based on the reported developmental effects in zebrafish. X. laevis was selected to further our understanding of interspecies variation in response to PFOS, and we built upon previous studies by including transcriptomics and an assessment of ciliogenic effects. Midblastula-stage X. laevis embryos were exposed to PFOS using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay Xenopus (FETAX). Results showed teratogenic effects of PFOS in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The morphological abnormalities of skeleton deformities, a small head, and a miscoiled gut were associated with changes in gene expression evidenced by whole-mount in situ hybridization and transcriptomics. The transcriptomic profile of PFOS-exposed embryos indicated the perturbation in the expression of genes associated with cell death, and downregulation in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biosynthesis. Moreover, we observed the effects of PFOS exposure on cilia development as a reduction in the number of multiciliated cells and changes in the directionality and velocity of the cilia-driven flow. Collectively, these data broaden the molecular understanding of PFOS-induced developmental effects, whereby ciliary dysfunction and disrupted ATP synthesis are implicated as the probable modes of action of embryotoxicity. Furthermore, our findings present a new challenge to understand the links between PFOS-induced developmental toxicity and vital biological processes.
    Keywords PFOS ; Bioenergetics ; Ciliogenesis ; Embryotoxicity ; Transcriptomics ; Xenopus ; Environmental pollution ; TD172-193.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 500
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: TGFBI remodels adipose metabolism by regulating the Notch-1 signaling pathway

    Seul Gi Lee / Jongbeom Chae / Seon Min Woo / Seung Un Seo / Ha-Jeong Kim / Sang-Yeob Kim / David D. Schlaepfer / In-San Kim / Hee-Sae Park / Taeg Kyu Kwon / Ju-Ock Nam

    Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Vol 55, Iss 3, Pp 520-

    2023  Volume 531

    Abstract: ... so Seul Gi Lee and Ju-Ock Nam at Kyungpook National University, Taeg Kyu Kwon at Keimyung University ...

    Abstract Fat metabolism: protecting against obesity-related metabolic disorders Studying a protein called TGFBI, which regulates adipose expansion, may help the development of new approaches to protect against obesity and related metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes. White adipose tissue (body fat) stores energy, and brown adipose tissue generates heat. Promoting “browning” of adipose tissue may help protect against obesity. Proteins that influence adipose microenvironment can be involved in metabolic diseases, so Seul Gi Lee and Ju-Ock Nam at Kyungpook National University, Taeg Kyu Kwon at Keimyung University, both in Daegu, South Korea, and co-workers investigated how TGFBI affects adipose metabolism in a mouse model. Deleting TGFBI in mice promoted the transformation of white adipose tissue to brown, protecting mice against weight gain and increase in adipose tissue. These results offer insights into potential therapies for obesity and related disorders via TGFBI regulation.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Biochemistry ; QD415-436
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Gomisin M2 Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Lesions via Inhibition of STAT1 and NF-κB Activation in 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene/ Dermatophagoides farinae Extract-Induced BALB/c Mice

    Jinjoo Kang / Soyoung Lee / Namkyung Kim / Hima Dhakal / Taeg-Kyu Kwon / Eun-Nam Kim / Gil-Saeng Jeong / Sang-Hyun Kim

    Molecules, Vol 26, Iss 4409, p

    2021  Volume 4409

    Abstract: The extracts of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Schisandraceae) have various therapeutic effects, including inflammation and allergy. In this study, gomisin M2 (GM2) was isolated from S. chinensis and its beneficial effects were assessed against ... ...

    Abstract The extracts of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Schisandraceae) have various therapeutic effects, including inflammation and allergy. In this study, gomisin M2 (GM2) was isolated from S. chinensis and its beneficial effects were assessed against atopic dermatitis (AD). We evaluated the therapeutic effects of GM2 on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE)-induced AD-like skin lesions with BALB/c mice ears and within the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated keratinocytes. The oral administration of GM2 resulted in reduced epidermal and dermal thickness, infiltration of tissue eosinophils, mast cells, and helper T cells in AD-like lesions. GM2 suppressed the expression of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12a, and TSLP in ear tissue and the expression of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17A in auricular lymph nodes. GM2 also inhibited STAT1 and NF-κB phosphorylation in DNCB/DFE-induced AD-like lesions. The oral administration of GM2 reduced levels of IgE (DFE-specific and total) and IgG2a in the mice sera, as well as protein levels of IL-4, IL-6, and TSLP in ear tissues. In TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated keratinocytes, GM2 significantly inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL8, and CCL22 through the suppression of STAT1 phosphorylation and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Taken together, these results indicate that GM2 is a biologically active compound that exhibits inhibitory effects on skin inflammation and suggests that GM2 might serve as a remedy in inflammatory skin diseases, specifically on AD.
    Keywords atopic dermatitis ; gomisin M2 ; Dermatophagoides farinae extract ; keratinocytes ; 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: SCAP deficiency facilitates obesity and insulin resistance through shifting adipose tissue macrophage polarization

    Jae-Ho Lee / Sun Hee Lee / Eun-Ho Lee / Jeong-Yong Cho / Dae-Kyu Song / Young Jae Lee / Taeg Kyu Kwon / Byung-Chul Oh / Kae Won Cho / Timothy F. Osborne / Tae-Il Jeon / Seung-Soon Im

    Journal of Advanced Research, Vol 45, Iss , Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 13

    Abstract: Introduction: Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-associating protein (SCAP) is a sterol-regulated escort protein that translocates SREBPs from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, thereby activating lipid metabolism ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-associating protein (SCAP) is a sterol-regulated escort protein that translocates SREBPs from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, thereby activating lipid metabolism and cholesterol synthesis. Although SCAP regulates lipid metabolism in metabolic tissues, such as the liver and muscle, the effect of macrophage-specific SCAP deficiency in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) of patients with metabolic diseases is not completely understood. Objectives: Here, we examined the function of SCAP in high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFHS)-fed mice and investigated its role in the polarization of classical activated macrophages in adipose tissue. Methods: Macrophage-specific SCAP knockout (mKO) mice were generated through crossbreeding lysozyme 2-cre mice with SCAP floxed mice which were then fed HFHS for 12 weeks. Primary macrophages were derived from bone marrow cells and analyzed further. Results: We found that fat accumulation and the appearance of proinflammatory M1 macrophages were both higher in HFHS-fed SCAP mKO mice relative to floxed control mice. We traced the effect to a defect in the lipopolysaccharide-mediated increase in SREBP-1a that occurs in control but not SCAP mKO mice. Mechanistically, SREBP-1a increased expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase transcription, resulting in an increase in the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), an endogenous agonist of liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) which increased expression of cholesterol efflux to limit cholesterol accumulation and M1 polarization. In the absence of SCAP mediated activation of SREBP-1a, increased M1 macrophage polarization resulted in reduced cholesterol efflux downstream from 25-HC-dependent LXRα activation. Conclusion: Overall, the activation of the SCAP-SREBP-1a pathway in macrophages may provide a novel therapeutic strategy that ameliorates obesity by controlling cholesterol homeostasis in ATMs.
    Keywords SCAP ; White adipose tissue ; Macrophages ; Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase ; Cholesterol efflux ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Fisetin Induces Apoptosis Through p53-Mediated Up-Regulation of DR5 Expression in Human Renal Carcinoma Caki Cells

    Kyoung-jin Min / Ju-Ock Nam / Taeg Kyu Kwon

    Molecules, Vol 22, Iss 8, p

    2017  Volume 1285

    Abstract: Fisetin is a natural compound found in fruits and vegetables such as strawberries, apples, cucumbers, and onions. Since fisetin can elicit anti-cancer effects, including anti-proliferation and anti-migration, we investigated whether fisetin induced ... ...

    Abstract Fisetin is a natural compound found in fruits and vegetables such as strawberries, apples, cucumbers, and onions. Since fisetin can elicit anti-cancer effects, including anti-proliferation and anti-migration, we investigated whether fisetin induced apoptosis in human renal carcinoma (Caki) cells. Fisetin markedly induced sub-G1 population and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which is a marker of apoptosis, and increased caspase activation. We found that pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) inhibited fisetin-induced apoptosis. In addition, fisetin induced death receptor 5 (DR5) expression at the transcriptional level, and down-regulation of DR5 by siRNA blocked fisetin-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, fisetin induced p53 protein expression through up-regulation of protein stability, whereas down-regulation of p53 by siRNA markedly inhibited fisetin-induced DR5 expression. In contrast, fisetin induced up-regulation of CHOP expression and reactive oxygen species production, which had no effect on fisetin-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our study demonstrates that fisetin induced apoptosis through p53 mediated up-regulation of DR5 expression at the transcriptional level.
    Keywords fisetin ; apoptosis ; p53 ; DR5 ; renal carcinoma ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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