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Article ; Online: Respondent Fatigue Reduces Dietary Diversity Scores Reported from Mobile Phone Surveys in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Abay, Kibrom A / Berhane, Guush / Hoddinott, John / Tafere, Kibrom

2023 Volume 152, Issue 10, Page(s) 2269–2276

Abstract: Background: The computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) has been used extensively during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the effects of respondent fatigue during these interviews on responses to questions about diet are unknown.: Objectives: We ... ...

Abstract	Background: The computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) has been used extensively during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the effects of respondent fatigue during these interviews on responses to questions about diet are unknown. Objectives: We designed an experiment that randomized the placement of a survey module on the dietary diversity of rural Ethiopian women and assessed whether responses were altered by placing this module earlier or later in a phone survey. Methods: Two CATIs were implemented; in the second, women were randomly assigned to answer questions on diet diversity either earlier or later in the interview. Women's Dietary Diversity Scores were the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were dichotomous measures of consumption from four or more and five or more food groups and consumption of food groups consumed frequently, often, and rarely. Impacts were assessed using a respondent fixed effects model. Results: Delaying the food consumption module by 15 min in the interview led to an 8%-17% (P < 0.01) decrease in reported Dietary Diversity Scores, a 28% (P < 0.01) decrease in the number of women who consumed a minimum of four dietary groups, and a 40% (P < 0.01) and 11% (P < 0.01) decrease in the reporting of consumption of animal source foods and fruits and vegetables, respectively. Moving the food consumption module closer to the beginning of the interview increased the number of reported food groups consumed by older women, women with a below-median education level, and women in larger households. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that comparisons of descriptive statistics across studies and countries on metrics such as food security and dietary quality may be confounded by where these modules are placed in the interview, thus highlighting trade-offs between volume of information collected and data quality when designing CATI surveys.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Cell Phone ; Diet ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218373-0
ISSN	1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
ISSN (online)	1541-6100
ISSN	0022-3166
DOI	10.1093/jn/nxac153
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Conference proceedings ; Online: Inter-generational Effects of Early Childhood Shocks on Human Capital

Tafere, Kibrom

Evidence from Ethiopia

2016

Abstract: This is a preliminary work. Please do not cite. ... In this paper I investigate the impacts of parental early childhood shocks on the human capital of children using various measures of health capabilities, schooling achievements, and standardized math and ...

Abstract	This is a preliminary work. Please do not cite. In this paper I investigate the impacts of parental early childhood shocks on the human capital of children using various measures of health capabilities, schooling achievements, and standardized math and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) test scores. I use parents' age during the 1983-85 Ethiopian famine, geographic variation of the famine, and the duration of exposure to identify effects. This paper uses the Ethiopia Young Lives panel survey of children who were tracked from the age of 6-18 months over an 11 year period. I find that children born to mothers who were exposed to the famine in their first 3 years have poor health endowments, lower schooling achievement and perform poorly in standardized tests.
Keywords	Childhood shocks ; Inter-generational transmission of shocks ; famine ; human capital ; Ethiopia ; International Development ; Labor and Human Capital
Language	English
Publishing country	us
Document type	Conference proceedings ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Revisiting poverty trends and the role of social protection systems in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abay, Kibrom A. / Yonzan, Nishant / Kurdi, Sikandra / Tafere, Kibrom

Policy Research Working Papers

Working Paper

2023

Abstract: Quantifying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on poverty in Africa has been as difficult as predicting the path of the pandemic, mainly due to data limitations. The advent of new data sources, including national accounts and phone survey data, provides ...

Abstract	Quantifying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on poverty in Africa has been as difficult as predicting the path of the pandemic, mainly due to data limitations. The advent of new data sources, including national accounts and phone survey data, provides an opportunity for a thorough reassessment of the impact of the pandemic and the subsequent expansion of social protection systems on the evolution of poverty in Africa. This paper combines per capita gross domestic product growth from national accounts with data from High-Frequency Phone Surveys for several countries to estimate the net impact of the pandemic on poverty. It finds that the pandemic increased poverty in Africa by 1.5–1.7 percentage points in 2020, relatively smaller than early estimates and projections. The paper also finds that countries affected by fragility, conflict, and violence experienced the greatest increases in poverty, about 2.1 percentage points in 2020. Furthermore, the paper assesses and synthesizes empirical evidence on the role that social protection systems played in mitigating the adverse impact of the COVID-19 crisis in Africa. It reviews social protection responses in various African countries, mainly focusing on the impact of these programs and effectiveness of targeting systems. Although the evidence base on the protective role of social protection programs during the pandemic remains scarce, the paper highlights important findings on the impacts of these programs while also uncovering some vulnerabilities in social protection programming in Africa. Finally, the paper draws important lessons related to the delivery, targeting, and impact of various social protection programs launched in Africa in response to the pandemic.
Keywords	coronavirus ; coronavirus disease ; coronavirinae ; covid-19 ; poverty ; data ; surveys ; social welfare ; income ; fragility ; conflict ; violence ; evidence ; programmes
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-16T15:21:17Z
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Poverty and the role of social protection systems in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abay, Kibrom A. / Yonzan, Nishant / Kurdi, Sikandra / Tafere, Kibrom

2023

Abstract: Key messages  The pandemic increased poverty in Africa by less than expected, approximately 1.5-1.7 percentage points in 2020.  Countries affected by Fragility, Conflict, and Violence (FCV) experienced the greatest increases in poverty.  An emerging ... ...

Abstract	Key messages  The pandemic increased poverty in Africa by less than expected, approximately 1.5-1.7 percentage points in 2020.  Countries affected by Fragility, Conflict, and Violence (FCV) experienced the greatest increases in poverty.  An emerging literature establishes that social protection programs in Africa during the pandemic had positive impacts and was generally pro-poor, suggesting a key cushion-ing role played by the expansion of social protection on trends in poverty.  However, delivering shock-responsive social protection in Africa continues to face im-portant challenges related to targeting, coverage, timeliness, and financing.  Early targeting analyses for some countries during the pandemic show that targeting was broadly progressive in some countries and regressive in some other countries.
Keywords	conflict ; covid-19 ; data ; health hazards ; living standards ; social protection ; pandemics ; poverty ; risk factors ; surveying
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-06T09:21:06Z
Publisher	International Food Policy Research Institute
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Respondent fatigue reduces dietary diversity scores reported from mobile phone surveys in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abay, Kibrom A. / Berhane, Guush / Hoddinott, John F. / Tafere, Kibrom

Journal of Nutrition

2023

Abstract: The computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) has been used extensively during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the effects of respondent fatigue during these interviews on responses to questions about diet are unknown. We designed an experiment that ... ...

Abstract	The computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) has been used extensively during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the effects of respondent fatigue during these interviews on responses to questions about diet are unknown. We designed an experiment that randomized the placement of a survey module on the dietary diversity of rural Ethiopian women and assessed whether responses were altered by placing this module earlier or later in a phone survey. Two CATIs were implemented; in the second, women were randomly assigned to answer questions on diet diversity either earlier or later in the interview. Women's Dietary Diversity Scores were the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were dichotomous measures of consumption from four or more and five or more food groups and consumption of food groups consumed frequently, often, and rarely. Impacts were assessed using a respondent fixed effects model. Delaying the food consumption module by 15 min in the interview led to an 8%–17% (P < 0.01) decrease in reported Dietary Diversity Scores, a 28% (P < 0.01) decrease in the number of women who consumed a minimum of four dietary groups, and a 40% (P < 0.01) and 11% (P < 0.01) decrease in the reporting of consumption of animal source foods and fruits and vegetables, respectively. Moving the food consumption module closer to the beginning of the interview increased the number of reported food groups consumed by older women, women with a below-median education level, and women in larger households. Our findings suggest that comparisons of descriptive statistics across studies and countries on metrics such as food security and dietary quality may be confounded by where these modules are placed in the interview, thus highlighting trade-offs between volume of information collected and data quality when designing CATI surveys.
Keywords	coronavirus ; coronavirus disease ; coronavirinae ; covid-19 ; interviews ; surveys ; dietary diversity ; rural areas ; women
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-08T15:01:24Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Revisiting poverty trends and the role of social protection systems in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abay, Kibrom A. / Yonzan, Nishant / Kurdi, Sikandra / Tafere, Kibrom

Journal of African Economies

2023

Abstract	Quantifying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on poverty in Africa has been as difficult as predicting the path of the pandemic, mainly due to data limitations. The advent of new data sources, including national accounts and phone survey data, provides an opportunity for a thorough reassessment of the impact of the pandemic and the subsequent expansion of social protection systems on the evolution of poverty in Africa. In this paper, we combine per capita GDP growth from national accounts with data from High-Frequency Phone Surveys for several countries to estimate the net impact of the pandemic on poverty. We find that the pandemic has increased poverty in Africa by 1.5 to 1.7 percentage points in 2020, relatively smaller than early estimates and projections. We also find that countries affected by Fragility, Conflict and Violence experienced the greatest increases in poverty, about 2.1 percentage points in 2020. Furthermore, we assess and synthesize empirical evidence on the role that social protection systems played in mitigating the adverse impact of the COVID-19 crisis in Africa. We review social protection responses in various African countries, mainly focusing on the impact of these programs and effectiveness of targeting systems. Although the evidence base on the protective role of social protection programs during the pandemic remains scarce, we highlight important findings on the impacts of these programs while also uncovering some vulnerabilities in social protection programming in Africa. We finally draw important lessons related to the delivery, targeting and impact of various social protection programs launched in Africa in response to the pandemic.
Keywords	conflicts ; coronavirus ; coronavirus disease ; coronavirinae ; covid-19 ; data ; fragility ; poverty ; social protection ; surveys ; violence
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-04T18:03:12Z
Publisher	Oxford University Press
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Revisiting poverty trends and the role of social protection systems in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abay, Kibrom A. / Yonzan, Nishant / Kurdi, Sikandra / Tafere, Kibrom

Discussion Paper

2023

Abstract	Quantifying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on poverty in Africa has been as difficult as predicting the path of the pandemic, mainly due to data limitations. The advent of new data sources, including national accounts and phone survey data, provides an opportunity for a thorough reassessment of the impact of the pandemic and the subsequent expansion of social protection systems on the evolution of poverty in Africa. In this paper, we combine per capita GDP growth from national accounts with data from High-Frequency Phone Surveys for several countries to estimate the net impact of the pandemic on poverty. We find that the pandemic has increased poverty in Africa by 1.5-1.7 percentage points in 2020, relatively smaller than early estimates and projections. We also find that countries affected by Fragility, Conflict, and Violence (FCV) experienced the greatest increases in poverty, about 2.1 percentage points in 2020. Furthermore, we assess and synthesize empirical evidence on the role that social protection systems played in mitigating the adverse impact of the COVID-19 crisis in Africa. We review social protection responses in various African countries, mainly focusing on the impact of these programs and effectiveness of targeting systems. Although the evidence base on the protective role of social protection programs during the pandemic remains scarce, we highlight important findings on the impacts of these programs while also uncovering some vulnerabilities in social protection programming in Africa. We finally draw important lessons related to the delivery, targeting and impact of various social protection programs launched in Africa in response to the pandemic.
Keywords	pandemics ; social protection ; surveys ; coronavirus ; coronavirus disease ; coronavirinae ; covid-19 ; poverty ; health
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-17T08:14:00Z
Publisher	International Food Policy Research Institute
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Access to health services, food, and water during an active conflict: Evidence from Ethiopia.

Abay, Kibrom A / Abay, Mehari Hiluf / Berhane, Guush / Chamberlin, Jordan / Croke, Kevin / Tafere, Kibrom

PLOS global public health

2022 Volume 2, Issue 11, Page(s) e0001015

Abstract: Civil conflict began in Ethiopia in November 2020 and has reportedly caused major disruptions in access to health services, food, and related critical services, in addition to the direct impacts of the conflict on health and well-being. However, the ... ...

Abstract	Civil conflict began in Ethiopia in November 2020 and has reportedly caused major disruptions in access to health services, food, and related critical services, in addition to the direct impacts of the conflict on health and well-being. However, the population-level impacts of the conflict have not yet been systematically quantified. We analyze high frequency phone surveys conducted by the World Bank, which included measures of access to basic services, to estimate the impact of the first phase of the war (November 2020 to May 2021) on households in Tigray. After controlling for sample selection, a difference-in-differences approach is used to estimate causal effects of the conflict on population access to health services, food, and water and sanitation. Inverse probability weighting is used to adjust for sample attrition. The conflict has increased the share of respondents who report that they were unable to access needed health services by 35 percentage points (95% CI: 14-55 pp) and medicine by 8 pp (95% CI:2-15 pp). It has also increased the share of households unable to purchase staple foods by 26 pp (95% CI:7-45 pp). The share of households unable to access water did not increase, although the percentage able to purchase soap declined by 17 pp (95% CI: 1-32 pp). We document significant heterogeneity across population groups, with disproportionate effects on the poor, on rural populations, on households with undernourished children, and those living in communities without health facilities. These significant disruptions in access to basic services likely underestimate the true burden of conflict in the affected population, given that the conflict has continued beyond the survey period, and that worse-affected households may have higher rates of non-response. Documented spatial and household-level heterogeneity in the impact of the conflict may help guide rapid post-conflict responses.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2767-3375
ISSN (online)	2767-3375
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgph.0001015
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Book ; Article ; Online: Saving lives through technology

Mensah, Justice Tei / Tafere, Kibrom / Abay, Kibrom A. / Abay, Kibrom

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 9978

Mobile phones and infant mortality

2022

Abstract: Digital technologies can expand access to health services to underserved populations. This paper leverages mobile network expansion and survey data spanning two decades to study the impact of access to mobile phones on infant mortality in Africa. Using ... ...

Abstract	Digital technologies can expand access to health services to underserved populations. This paper leverages mobile network expansion and survey data spanning two decades to study the impact of access to mobile phones on infant mortality in Africa. Using plausibly exogenous variations in lightning intensity and (sub)regional convergence in mobile penetration as instrumental variables for mobile network expansion, the analysis finds that mobile phones significantly reduce infant mortality. A 10 percentage point increase in mobile coverage is associated with a 0.45 percentage point reduction in infant mortality. Improvements in health knowledge and behavior and health care utilization appear to be plausible channels. Non-PR IFPRI5 DSGD
Keywords	AFRICA ; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA ; CENTRAL AFRICA ; EAST AFRICA ; NORTH AFRICA ; SOUTHERN AFRICA ; WEST AFRICA ; technology ; telephones ; infants ; mortality ; health ; intervention ; digital technology ; mobile equipment ; mobile phones ; I12 Health Production ; I15 Health and Economic Development ; O15 Economic Development: Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration ; O18 Economic Development: Urban ; Rural ; Regional ; and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure ; O33 Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
Language	English
Publisher	World Bank
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Revisiting poverty trends and the role of social protection systems in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abay, Kibrom A. / Yonzan, Nishant / Kurdi, Sikandra / Tafere, Kibrom / Abay, Kibrom

Journal of African Economies 32(Supplement 2): ii44–ii68

2023

Abstract	Quantifying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on poverty in Africa has been as difficult as predicting the path of the pandemic, mainly due to data limitations. The advent of new data sources, including national accounts and phone survey data, provides an opportunity for a thorough reassessment of the impact of the pandemic and the subsequent expansion of social protection systems on the evolution of poverty in Africa. In this paper, we combine per capita GDP growth from national accounts with data from High-Frequency Phone Surveys for several countries to estimate the net impact of the pandemic on poverty. We find that the pandemic has increased poverty in Africa by 1.5 to 1.7 percentage points in 2020, relatively smaller than early estimates and projections. We also find that countries affected by Fragility, Conflict and Violence experienced the greatest increases in poverty, about 2.1 percentage points in 2020. Furthermore, we assess and synthesize empirical evidence on the role that social protection systems played in mitigating the adverse impact of the COVID-19 crisis in Africa. We review social protection responses in various African countries, mainly focusing on the impact of these programs and effectiveness of targeting systems. Although the evidence base on the protective role of social protection programs during the pandemic remains scarce, we highlight important findings on the impacts of these programs while also uncovering some vulnerabilities in social protection programming in Africa. We finally draw important lessons related to the delivery, targeting and impact of various social protection programs launched in Africa in response to the pandemic. PR IFPRI3; ISI Development Strategies and Governance (DSG); Transformation Strategies;
Keywords	AFRICA ; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA ; CENTRAL AFRICA ; EAST AFRICA ; NORTH AFRICA ; SOUTHERN AFRICA ; WEST AFRICA ; conflicts ; Coronavirus ; coronavirus disease ; Coronavirinae ; COVID-19 ; data ; fragility ; poverty ; social protection ; surveys ; violence ; C53 Forecasting Models ; Simulation Methods ; D63 Equity ; Justice ; Inequality ; and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement ; I15 Health and Economic Development ; I32 Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
Subject code	390
Language	English
Publisher	Oxford University Press
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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