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Article ; Online: Determinants of Neonatal, Infant and Child Mortalities in Iran: A Systematic Review.

Karami, Badriyeh / Abbasi, Mahya / Tajvar, Maryam

2024 Volume 53, Issue 1, Page(s) 104–115

Abstract: Background: Children mortality is considered as one of the main indicators of population development and health, while most of the children's deaths are preventable. This study systematically reviewed the determinants of children mortality in Iran.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Children mortality is considered as one of the main indicators of population development and health, while most of the children's deaths are preventable. This study systematically reviewed the determinants of children mortality in Iran. Methods: This systematic review was conducted to summarize all the factors associated with children mortality in three age groups; Neonate (0-28 d), Infant (28 d-1 yr old) and children (<5 yr old), based on the PRISMA guideline. Many of the electronic international and national databases, in addition to hand searching of reference of selected articles, grey literature, formal and informal reports and government documents were screened to identify potential records up to Jan 2022. We included all studies that identified determinants of child mortality in any province of Iran or the whole country, without any restriction. Results: Overall, 32 studies were included, published between 2000 and 2022, of which 23 were cross-sectional and 15 published in Farsi language. The associations between several risk factors (n=69) and the child mortality were examined. Among the identified factors, 'birth weight', 'mother's literacy', 'socioeconomic status', 'delivery type', 'gestational age', 'pregnancy interval', 'immaturity', 'type of nutrition', and 'stillbirth' were the most important mentioned determinants of child mortality in Iran. Conclusion: Appropriate interventions and policies should be developed and implemented in Iran, addressing the main identified associated factors, resulting from this review study, with the aim of minimizing preventable child deaths, based on their age categories.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-26
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2251-6093 ; 0304-4556
ISSN (online)	2251-6093
ISSN	0304-4556
DOI	10.18502/ijph.v53i1.14687
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Article ; Online: Assessing health determinants worldwide: Econometric analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2000-18 - Highlighting impactful factors on DALY, YLL, and YLD indicators.

Irandoust, Kamran / Daroudi, Rajabali / Tajvar, Maryam / Yaseri, Mehdi

Journal of global health

2024 Volume 14, Page(s) 4051

Abstract: Background: As the health status of a population is influenced by a variety of health determinants, we sought to assess their impact on health outcomes, both at the global and regional levels.: Methods: This ecological study encompassed all 194 ... ...

Abstract	Background: As the health status of a population is influenced by a variety of health determinants, we sought to assess their impact on health outcomes, both at the global and regional levels. Methods: This ecological study encompassed all 194 member countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) from 2000 to 2018. We first identified all health determinants and then retrieved the related data from various global databases. We additionally considered three indicators - disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLL), and years lived with disability (YLD) - in evaluating health outcomes; we extracted their data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. We then applied econometric analyses using a multilevel mixed-effects linear regression model. Results: The analysis using the DALY indicator showed that the variables of sexually transmitted infections, injuries prevalence, and urbanisation had the highest effect size or regression coefficients (β) for health outcomes. The variables of sexually transmitted infection (β = 0.75, P < 0.001) in the African region; drinking water (β = -0.60, P < 0.001), alcohol use (β = 0.20, P < 0.001), and drug use (β = 0.05, P = 0.036) in the Americas region; urbanisation (β = -0.34, P < 0.001) in the Eastern Mediterranean region; current health expenditure (β = -0.21, P < 0.001) in the Europe region; injuries (β = 0.65, P < 0.001), air pollution (β = 0.29, P < 0.001), and obesity (β = 0.92, P < 0.001) in the South-East Asia region; and gross domestic product (β = -0.25, P < 0.001), education (β = -0.90, P < 0.001), and smoking (β = 0.28, P < 0.001) in the Western Pacific region had the most significant role in explaining global health outcomes. Except for the drug use variable in regional findings, the role of other variables in explaining the YLL indicator was greater than that of the YLD indicator. Conclusions: To address global health disparities and optimise resource allocation, global and interregional policymakers should focus on determinants that had the highest β with health outcomes in each region compared to other regions. These determinants likely have a higher marginal health product, and investing in them is likely to be more cost-effective.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Air Pollution ; Global Burden of Disease ; Health Status ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Africa ; Americas ; Europe ; Asia ; Oceania
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-15
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2741629-X
ISSN	2047-2986 ; 2047-2986
ISSN (online)	2047-2986
ISSN	2047-2986
DOI	10.7189/jogh.14.04051
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Article ; Online: Challenges facing international students at Iranian universities: a cross-sectional survey.

Tajvar, Maryam / Ahmadizadeh, Elahe / Sajadi, Haniye Sadat / Shaqura, Iyad Ibrahim

BMC medical education

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 210

Abstract: Background: This study examines the challenges faced by international students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) and provides insights into their experiences and needs.: Methodology: A self-developed structured questionnaire was ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study examines the challenges faced by international students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) and provides insights into their experiences and needs. Methodology: A self-developed structured questionnaire was administered to international students who completed their first year at TUMS. Data were collected from 165 participants (76% response rate) and analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: The study reveals that international students encounter various challenges, including difficulties accessing information, language barriers, ineffective communication, administrative inefficiencies, cultural issues, financial constraints, and limited scholarship opportunities. Analysis of students' characteristics indicates that the length of study at TUMS is significantly associated with the challenges experienced. The findings highlight the importance of enhancing support services and resources for international students, such as language classes, academic counseling, scholarships, and cultural exchange programs. Conclusion: Addressing these challenges can foster a more supportive environment, contributing to the academic success and well-being of international students at TUMS and similar universities.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Iran ; Universities ; Students ; Academic Success
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2044473-4
ISSN	1472-6920 ; 1472-6920
ISSN (online)	1472-6920
ISSN	1472-6920
DOI	10.1186/s12909-024-05167-x
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Article ; Online: Developing a Conceptual Framework for an Age-Friendly Health System: A Scoping Review.

Karami, Badrye / Ostad-Taghizadeh, Abbas / Rashidian, Arash / Tajvar, Maryam

International journal of health policy and management

2023 Volume 12, Page(s) 7342

Abstract: Background: Population aging is usually associated with increased health care needs. Developing an age-friendly health system with special features, structure, and functions to meet the special needs of older people and improving their health status and ...

Abstract	Background: Population aging is usually associated with increased health care needs. Developing an age-friendly health system with special features, structure, and functions to meet the special needs of older people and improving their health status and quality of life is essential. This study aimed to develop a conceptual framework for an age-friendly health system, which would offer a conceptual basis for providing the best possible care for older people in health system to let them experience a successful, healthy, and active aging. Methods: A scoping review was used to design the conceptual framework based on Arksey and O'Malley's model, including six stages, with the final stage of using expert's opinions to improve and validate the initial framework. The health system model of Van Olmen, was selected as the baseline model for this framework. Then, by reviewing the available evidence, the characteristics of an age-friendly health system were extracted and incorporated in the baseline mode. Results: Using the electronic searching, initially 12 316 documents were identified, of which 140 studies were selected and included in this review study. The relevant data were extracted from the 140 studies by two reviewers independently. Most studies were conducted in 2016-2020, and mostly were from United States (33.6%). To have an age-friendly health system, interventions and changes should be performed in functions, components and objectives of health systems. This system aims to provide evidence-based care through trained workforces and involves older people and their families in health policy-makings. Its consequences include better health acre for older people, with fewer healthcare-related harms, greater care satisfaction and increased use of cost-effective health services. Conclusion: To meet the needs of older people, health systems should make interventions in their functions for better performance. In line with these changes, other parts of society should work in harmony and set the health of older people as a top priority to ensure they can have a successful aging.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; Aged ; Quality of Life ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Status
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-07
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2724317-5
ISSN	2322-5939 ; 2322-5939
ISSN (online)	2322-5939
ISSN	2322-5939
DOI	10.34172/ijhpm.2023.7342
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Article ; Online: Role of family factors in provision and perception of social support for older people in Iran: a cross-sectional survey.

Tajvar, Maryam / Grundy, Emily / Fletcher, Astrid / Allen, Elizabeth / Karami, Badriyeh

BMC primary care

2023 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 279

Abstract: Background: Iran has experienced a very fast fertility transition. The process of demographic transition, coupled with modernization, has had considerable consequences for the structure and function of families. There is rising concern in Iran about a ... ...

Abstract	Background: Iran has experienced a very fast fertility transition. The process of demographic transition, coupled with modernization, has had considerable consequences for the structure and function of families. There is rising concern in Iran about a potential decline in family care and support for older people as a result of these changes. The main aim of this study was to provide a benchmark by examining current associations between family factors and older people's social support, both perceived and received. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 644 people aged 60 + years resident in Tehran was conducted using stratified cluster random sampling method in 2015. Outcome variables were perceived social support, as measured by Social Provision Scale, and received instrumental social support. Multilevel mixed-effects models were used to examine the hypotheses. Results: The analyses showed that most of the family factors measured, including family size (p = 0.01), living arrangements (p = 0.05), and amount of contact with family members (p = 0.001) were associated with older people's receipt of instrumental social support. Living arrangements and quality of relationships with family members were associated with older people's perceptions of social support (p < 0.001). Also, a significant gender interaction was found in associations between family size and SPS (p = 0.03). Having a large size family was positively associated with higher SPS for women (Coef. = 3.9, p = 0.009) but not for men (Coef. = -0.4, p = 0.7). Conclusion: findings of this study support the premise that most of family factors play an important role in provision and perception of social support for Iranian older people. Further policies should mostly be selective of those at higher risk of low support such as widowed, childless, those living alone, having poor relationship with their relatives and those with worse health status. The results of this study may be utilized to target older populations who are at higher risk of low support with innovative programs that focus on building social networks and enhancing social support.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Iran ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Social Support ; Health Status ; Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2731-4553
ISSN (online)	2731-4553
DOI	10.1186/s12875-023-02236-w
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Article ; Online: Trend analysis of noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors in Afghanistan.

Neyazi, Narges / Mosadeghrad, Ali Mohammad / Tajvar, Maryam / Safi, Najibullah

Chronic diseases and translational medicine

2023 Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) 210–221

Abstract: Background: Afghanistan is suffering from 40-year chronic conflicts, displacement, and demolition of its infrastructure. Afghanistan mortality survey 2010 shows nearly 46% of all deaths in the country were attributed to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). ... ...

Abstract	Background: Afghanistan is suffering from 40-year chronic conflicts, displacement, and demolition of its infrastructure. Afghanistan mortality survey 2010 shows nearly 46% of all deaths in the country were attributed to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). In this study, we aimed to understand the differences in mortality and premature death due to NCDs by sex and the trend for the next 8 years. Methods: We applied trend analysis using the secondary data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Global Burden of Diseases 2019. The information on NCD mortality, NCD deaths attributed to its risk factors, NCD percent of total years lived with disability (YLDs) attribution to each risk factor extracted from this database from 2008 to 2019. We investigated the trend from 2008 to 2019 for the mentioned factors and then forecast their trends until 2030. Results: Our study shows that Afghanistan has had an increasing death number due to NCDs from 2008 to 2019 (50% for both sexes) and this will reach nearly 54% by 2030. Currently, half of NCDs deaths are premature in Afghanistan. The mortality rate and prevalence of risk factors are higher among women. More than 70% of YLDs will be due to NCDs in Afghanistan till 2030. Five risk factors including high systolic blood pressure (28.3%), high body mass index (23.4%), high blood glucose (20.6%), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (16.3%), and smoking (12.3%) will have the highest contribution to NCDs death in 2030, respectively. Conclusions: In general, our study indicates that without any specific intervention to address NCDs in Afghanistan, not only the Sustainable Development Goal target for NCDs will not be met, but an increase in almost all risk factors prevalence, as well as NCD mortality, will be seen in Afghanistan.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2831148-6
ISSN	2589-0514 ; 2589-0514
ISSN (online)	2589-0514
ISSN	2589-0514
DOI	10.1002/cdt3.62
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Article ; Online: Vision-Related Quality of Life of Older People in Tehran and their Access and Utilization of Eye Care Services.

Bigdeli, Sara / Arab, Mohammad / Hadian, Moeen / Tajvar, Maryam

Iranian journal of public health

2022 Volume 51, Issue 8, Page(s) 1857–1865

Abstract: Background: Access to and utilization of eye care services may improve vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) of older people. This study aimed to evaluate the VRQoL of older adults and its associations with access to and utilization of eye care ... ...

Abstract	Background: Access to and utilization of eye care services may improve vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) of older people. This study aimed to evaluate the VRQoL of older adults and its associations with access to and utilization of eye care services. Methods: This is a community-based cross-sectional survey conducted in Tehran, Iran, on 566 older people in 2018. The NEI-25 VFQ was used to measure the VRQoL. Multilevel Linear Regression analysis used to test the study hypotheses. Results: The average score of the VRQoL was 80 out of 100. About 61% of the participants did not utilize the annual routine eye examination and the mean score of overall access to eye care was 85 out of 115. Having a higher physical, socio-cultural and overall access were significantly associated with higher VRQoL, but those with regular utilization had no better VRQoL status compared to non-users. Conclusion: Access to eye care services showed to be very important in improvement of the VRQoL, whereas higher utilization was not found to be associated with better VRQoL statue of older people, as there might have a reverse causality with using more eye services with higher Visual impairment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-29
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2240935-X
ISSN	2251-6093 ; 2251-6093
ISSN (online)	2251-6093
ISSN	2251-6093
DOI	10.18502/ijph.v51i8.10272
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Article ; Online: Challenges to Achieving Universal Health Coverage Throughout the World: A Systematic Review.

Darrudi, Alireza / Ketabchi Khoonsari, Mohammad Hossein / Tajvar, Maryam

Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi

2022 Volume 55, Issue 2, Page(s) 125–133

Abstract: Objectives: No systematic review has explored the challenges related to worldwide universal health coverage (UHC). This study reviewed challenges on the road to UHC.: Methods: A systematic electronic search of all studies that identified the ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: No systematic review has explored the challenges related to worldwide universal health coverage (UHC). This study reviewed challenges on the road to UHC. Methods: A systematic electronic search of all studies that identified the challenges of worldwide UHC was conducted, without any restrictions related to the publication date or language. A hand search and a bibliographic search were also conducted to identify which texts to include in this study. These sources and citations yielded a total of 2500 articles, only 26 of which met the inclusion criteria. Relevant data from these papers were extracted, summarized, grouped, and reported in tables. Results: Of the 26 included studies, 7 (27%) were reviews, 6 (23%) were reports, and 13 (50%) had another type of study design. The publication dates of the included studies ranged from 2011 to 2020. Nine studies (35%) were published in 2019. Using the World Health Organization conceptual model, data on all of the challenges related to UHC in terms of the 4 functions of health systems (stewardship, creating resource, financing, and delivering services) were extracted from the included studies and reported. Conclusions: This study provides a straightforward summary of previous studies that explored the challenges related to UHC and conducted an in-depth analysis of viable solutions.
MeSH term(s)	Global Health ; Humans ; Universal Health Insurance ; World Health Organization
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-08
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2620879-9
ISSN	2233-4521 ; 2233-4521
ISSN (online)	2233-4521
ISSN	2233-4521
DOI	10.3961/jpmph.21.542
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Article: Individual-Level Active Aging Index and Quality of Life of Older People: A Population-Based Survey in Tehran.

Tajvar, Maryam / Yaseri, Mehdi / Mahmoudi, Roya / Zaidi, Asghar

International journal of preventive medicine

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 2

Abstract: Background: Iran is one of the fastest ageing countries in the world. The model of Active Ageing (AA) could be a strategy contributing in addressing the problem of population ageing in Iran. This study measured the status of AA in Iran and examined its ... ...

Abstract	Background: Iran is one of the fastest ageing countries in the world. The model of Active Ageing (AA) could be a strategy contributing in addressing the problem of population ageing in Iran. This study measured the status of AA in Iran and examined its associations with the health-related quality of life of older people. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 623 people aged 55 + years resident in Tehran was conducted. In total, 590 people responded. The AA was measured using the Active Ageing Index (AAI) questionnaire and the health-related quality of life was measured using SF-36 questionnaire. Associations between the domains and the overall AAI scores with the quality of life were examined by MANCOVA analysis in four models using the STATA software. Results: The score of overall AAI was calculated at 26.8 (men 33.9 vs. women 20.6) out of 100. We found a stronger association of the AAI with the physical component than the mental component of the SF-36. Generally the 1 Conclusions: Iranian elderly, particularly women, are experiencing relatively inactive life, which negatively influence on their health-related quality of life. To improve the AAI status in Iran, some aspects including "enabling environment" and "independent, healthy and secure living capacity" need special attention.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-19
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2574680-7
ISSN	2008-8213 ; 2008-7802
ISSN (online)	2008-8213
ISSN	2008-7802
DOI	10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_358_20
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Article: Gender Interaction in Association of Perceived Social Support and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Iranian Older People: A Cross-sectional Survey.

Tajvar, Maryam / Fletcher, Astrid / Grundy, Emily / Karami, Badrye / Mohabbati, Fatemeh

Health promotion perspectives

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 56–66

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-29
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2691688-5
ISSN	2228-6497
ISSN	2228-6497
DOI	10.34172/hpp.2022.08
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