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Article: Delivery of Low-Diluted Toothpaste during Brushing Improves Enamel Acid Resistance.

Satou, Ryouichi / Shibata, Chikara / Takayanagi, Atsushi / Yamagishi, Atsushi / Birkhed, Dowen / Sugihara, Naoki

2023 Volume 16, Issue 14

Abstract: Toothpaste viscosity decreases rapidly when diluted with saliva during brushing, potentially causing premature washout of high-risk caries areas and reducing the uptake of dental fluoride ions. However, no reports have examined the acid resistance of ... ...

Abstract	Toothpaste viscosity decreases rapidly when diluted with saliva during brushing, potentially causing premature washout of high-risk caries areas and reducing the uptake of dental fluoride ions. However, no reports have examined the acid resistance of enamel from the perspective of the toothpaste's physical properties. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of toothpaste dilution on the acid resistance of the enamel, using bovine enamel as the subject. Five diluted toothpaste groups were created: a control group without toothpaste, and 100% (1.00×), 67% (1.50×), 50% (2.00×), and 25% (4.00×) dilution groups. Acid resistance was evaluated through pH cycling after toothpaste application. The results revealed a significant increase in substantial defects, compared to 67% (1.50×) at dilutions of 50% (2.00×) or higher, accompanied by a decrease in Vickers hardness. Moreover, the mineral loss increased with dilution, and a significant difference was observed between 67% (1.50×) and 50% (2.00×) (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma16145089
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Relationship between Toothpaste Dilution Ratio and Droplets Generated during Tooth-Brushing.

Satou, Ryouichi / Yamagishi, Atsushi / Takayanagi, Atsushi / Higuchi, Takuro / Oyama, Tsutomu / Suzuki, Seitaro / Sugihara, Naoki

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 7

Abstract: Guidelines for using toothpaste during tooth-brushing in public places during the coronavirus epidemic are lacking. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of using toothpaste in terms of droplet generation during brushing, the number of droplets ... ...

Abstract	Guidelines for using toothpaste during tooth-brushing in public places during the coronavirus epidemic are lacking. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of using toothpaste in terms of droplet generation during brushing, the number of droplets generated, and their scatter range are unknown; therefore, we investigated the relationships between diluted toothpaste viscosity, the number of droplets generated, and the droplets' flight distance. We developed a system to quantitate droplet generation during tooth-brushing. Brushing with water generated 5965 ± 266 droplets; 10.0× diluted toothpaste generated 538 ± 56, 4.00× diluted toothpaste generated 349 ± 15, and 2.00× diluted toothpaste generated 69 ± 27 droplets. Undiluted toothpaste generated no droplets. Droplet number tended to increase with increased toothpaste dilution ratio and decreased viscosity (
MeSH term(s)	Indicator Dilution Techniques ; Toothbrushing ; Toothpastes ; Water
Chemical Substances	Toothpastes ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19074157
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Article: Improved Enamel Acid Resistance by Highly Concentrated Acidulated Phosphate Sodium Monofluorophosphate Solution.

Satou, Ryouichi / Yamagishi, Atsushi / Takayanagi, Atsushi / Iwasaki, Miyu / Kamijo, Hideyuki / Sugihara, Naoki

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 15, Issue 20

Abstract: Sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) is a component of fluoride-containing dentifrices and is more biosafe than the conventional sodium fluoride (NaF). MFP can respond not only on the tooth surface layer but also deep into the enamel. We aim to confirm that ... ...

Abstract	Sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) is a component of fluoride-containing dentifrices and is more biosafe than the conventional sodium fluoride (NaF). MFP can respond not only on the tooth surface layer but also deep into the enamel. We aim to confirm that high concentrations of acid phosphate MFP (AP-MFP, 9000 ppmF), used in professional care, could lead to a highly biosafe fluoride application method that acts through the deep enamel layers. Sample groups were respectively treated in vitro with NaF, acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF), MFP, and AP-MFP, and the samples were compared against an untreated group. Characterizations after fluoride application confirmed that MFP and AP-MFP treatments improved the acid resistance of enamel compared to that of conventional methods. Furthermore, the acid resistance of highly concentrated MFPs improved by using phosphoric acid. Although the acid resistance from the AP-MFP method is not as good as that using APF, AP-MFP can act both on the surface layer and deep into the enamel. Moreover, AP-MFP retains fluoride ions as much as APF does on the tooth surface. The proposed fluoride application method using AP-MFP introduces a dental treatment for acid resistance that is highly biosafe and penetrates deep layers of the enamel.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma15207298
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Article ; Online: Comparison of interproximal delivery and flow characteristics by dentifrice dilution and application of prepared toothpaste delivery technique.

Satou, Ryouichi / Yamagishi, Atsushi / Takayanagi, Atsushi / Suzuki, Seitaro / Birkhed, Dowen / Sugihara, Naoki

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 10, Page(s) e0276227

Abstract: In home care, the toothpaste technique, which can enhance the caries-preventive effect without changing the amount of dentifrice and fluoride ion concentration, is of great significance. This study aimed to construct a model and experimental system that ... ...

Abstract	In home care, the toothpaste technique, which can enhance the caries-preventive effect without changing the amount of dentifrice and fluoride ion concentration, is of great significance. This study aimed to construct a model and experimental system that reproduces the interdental part and to clarify the relationship between the change in dentifrice viscosity due to dilution and washout in the high-risk approximal area of caries. Additionally, the effectiveness of the toothpaste technique and appropriate devices for delivering dentifrice to the interdental area at a low dilution were investigated. Diluted toothpaste samples were prepared (: ×1.00, ×1.25, ×1.50, ×1.75, ×2.00, ×3.00, and ×4.00). An acrylic interproximal model was created for this experiment. The flow characteristics and viscosity by dentifrice dilution were measured. In the case of low dilution of 57% (1.75×) or more, it was shown that the dentifrice in the high-risk area may be washed out early because of the decrease in viscosity, and the caries-preventive effect may be reduced. It was also suggested that to keep the dentifrice in the interdental area for 120 s at the end of brushing, a dilution must be devised to a concentration of at least 50% (2.00×). The prepared toothpaste delivery (PTD) method of delivering dentifrice to the interdental area while maintaining it at a low dilution is an effective toothpaste technique in terms of dentifrice dilution and viscosity. The use of finger brushes in the PTD method could increase the efficiency of dentifrice delivery.
MeSH term(s)	Dentifrices ; Fluorides ; Indicator Dilution Techniques ; Sodium Fluoride ; Toothbrushing/methods ; Toothpastes
Chemical Substances	Dentifrices ; Toothpastes ; Sodium Fluoride (8ZYQ1474W7) ; Fluorides (Q80VPU408O)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0276227
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Article: DNA meta-barcoding revealed that sika deer foraging strategies vary with season in a forest with degraded understory vegetation

Nakahama, Naoyuki / Furuta, Tomohiro / Ando, Haruko / Setsuko, Suzuki / Takayanagi, Atsushi / Isagi, Yuji

Forest ecology and management. 2021 Mar. 15, v. 484

2021

Abstract: Overbrowsing by the explosively increasing deer has a huge impact on forest vegetation in the temperate zone. Although it was expected that, over the years, the decline of forest floor vegetation would lead to a decrease in deer population, such a ... ...

Abstract	Overbrowsing by the explosively increasing deer has a huge impact on forest vegetation in the temperate zone. Although it was expected that, over the years, the decline of forest floor vegetation would lead to a decrease in deer population, such a decline has not been observed. A dietary analysis of deer is necessary to establish the survival mechanisms of deer populations in forests with degraded understory vegetation. This study explores the foraging strategy of sika deer, Cervus nippon, in Ashiu Research Forest, Kyoto, Japan, where the understory vegetation is severely degraded. A total of 177 fecal samples of sika deer were collected during each season and their food resources identified using DNA meta-barcoding technology and local plant DNA database. The results of the DNA meta-barcoding revealed that sika deer depended on non-preferred plants and preferred plants from early winter to spring. From summer to autumn, sika deer mainly feed on preferred plants. In all seasons, the percent cover of preferred plants for sika deer is also scarce in the forest floor. Biomass of preferred plants, such as litterfalls, play a significant role in maintaining the population density of sika deer when the understory vegetation is degraded in the forest habitat. Therefore, the degradation of the understory vegetation might not necessarily lead to a decrease in the population density of sika deer.
Keywords	Cervus nippon ; DNA ; Japan ; administrative management ; autumn ; biomass ; databases ; deer ; forest habitats ; forest litter ; forests ; population density ; summer ; temperate zones ; understory ; winter
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0315
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	751138-3
ISSN	0378-1127
ISSN	0378-1127
DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118637
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Environmental DNA metabarcoding reveals the presence of a small, quick-moving, nocturnal water shrew in a forest stream

Yonezawa, Satoru / Ushio, Masayuki / Yamanaka, Hiroki / Miya, Masaki / Takayanagi, Atsushi / Isagi, Yuji

Conservation genetics. 2020 Dec., v. 21, no. 6

2020

Abstract: Chimarrogale platycephala (Japanese water shrew) is an endangered, semi-aquatic mammal species in Japan, and understanding the C. platycephala habitat is vital for conservation planning. However, the species is difficult to locate using conventional ... ...

Abstract	Chimarrogale platycephala (Japanese water shrew) is an endangered, semi-aquatic mammal species in Japan, and understanding the C. platycephala habitat is vital for conservation planning. However, the species is difficult to locate using conventional methods, like visual observations and camera/video traps, due to its small size, nocturnal behavior, and low population densities in semi-aquatic environments. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has been used to survey distributions of macro-organisms, with the advantage of non-invasiveness, high sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness. In this study, we analyzed the eDNA in flowing water from possible C. platycephala habitats, using a metabarcoding approach that allows simultaneous multi-species detection. The eDNA of this species was detected at 2 of the 16 study sites. Based on eDNA screening data, camera trap surveys confirmed the presence of shrews at both locations. This study successfully discovered a previously unknown habitat of an endangered semi-aquatic mammal, using eDNA metabarcoding and camera traps. Wide ranging use of eDNA surveys will facilitate detection and appropriate conservation of C. platycephala, and can be applied to other critically endangered semi-aquatic mammals.
Keywords	DNA barcoding ; cameras ; cost effectiveness ; endangered species ; environmental DNA ; forests ; habitats ; nocturnal activity ; planning ; population density ; screening ; shrews ; streams ; surveys ; traps ; Japan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 1079-1084.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2059560-8
ISSN	1572-9737 ; 1566-0621
ISSN (online)	1572-9737
ISSN	1566-0621
DOI	10.1007/s10592-020-01310-5
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Modified toothpaste application using prepared toothpaste delivering technique increases interproximal fluoride toothpaste delivery.

Satou, Ryouichi / Suzuki, Seitaro / Takayanagi, Atsushi / Yamagishi, Atsushi / Sugihara, Naoki

Clinical and experimental dental research

2019 Volume 6, Issue 2, Page(s) 188–196

Abstract: Objectives: We devised a "prepared toothpaste delivering technique" (PTD technique), a modified the application of toothpaste method for using fluoride toothpaste more effectively. This study aimed to investigate the change in viscosity and fluoride ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: We devised a "prepared toothpaste delivering technique" (PTD technique), a modified the application of toothpaste method for using fluoride toothpaste more effectively. This study aimed to investigate the change in viscosity and fluoride intake into hydroxyapatite of a toothpaste, and deliverability of fluoride toothpaste to the interproximal site with the PTD technique using an interproximal model. Methods: Eight toothpaste samples were prepared at the following concentrations: ×1.00, ×1.25, ×1.50, ×1.75, ×2.00, ×3.00, ×4.00, and ×5.00. Viscosity of the toothpaste was measured by a Type-B viscometer. Dissolution rate of toothpaste and fluoride uptake into the hydroxy apatite pellet were analyzed by a fluoride selective electrode. Application paste volume and delivery rate was measured using interproximal model and image analysis software during using a finger brush front (FBF), finger brush back (FBB), and toothbrush. Results: As the dilution ratio increased, the viscosity of the toothpaste decreased sharply, F uptake decreased, and dissolution rate increased. F uptake was significantly reduced when the toothpaste was diluted more than 1.75 times. Therefore, in order to improve the effectiveness of the fluoride toothpaste, it is important to deliver the toothpaste to interproximal areas and pit clefts at low dilution. It was observed that PTD technique can be effectively implemented by the finger brush. Conclusions: The use of a FBF surface in the analysis of an acrylic interproximal model could aid in applying pressure while blocking the space of the groove and preventing outflow of the toothpaste. It was considered that the PTD technique would improve the effects of the fluoride toothpaste, especially in the interproximal site.
MeSH term(s)	Cariostatic Agents/administration & dosage ; Cariostatic Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Dental Caries/prevention & control ; Dental Enamel/chemistry ; Dentists ; Drug Liberation ; Durapatite/chemistry ; Fluorides, Topical/administration & dosage ; Fluorides, Topical/pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Models, Dental ; Tissue Distribution ; Toothbrushing/instrumentation ; Toothbrushing/methods ; Toothpastes/administration & dosage ; Toothpastes/chemistry ; Viscosity
Chemical Substances	Cariostatic Agents ; Fluorides, Topical ; Toothpastes ; Durapatite (91D9GV0Z28)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2829558-4
ISSN	2057-4347 ; 2057-4347
ISSN (online)	2057-4347
ISSN	2057-4347
DOI	10.1002/cre2.268
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Article: New frontiers in Japanese Forest Policy: Addressing ecosystem disservices in the 21st century

Takahashi, Takuya / de Jong, Wil / Kakizawa, Hiroaki / Kawase, Mari / Matsushita, Koji / Sato, Noriko / Takayanagi, Atsushi

Ambio. 2021 Dec., v. 50, no. 12

2021

Abstract: Forests are a potential solution to numerous global environmental issues, and their restoration is widely pursued. Forty percent of Japan’s forests are planted forests. This has caused the common occurrence of forest ecosystem disservices in the country, ...

Abstract	Forests are a potential solution to numerous global environmental issues, and their restoration is widely pursued. Forty percent of Japan’s forests are planted forests. This has caused the common occurrence of forest ecosystem disservices in the country, like—wildlife damage, pollinosis, and driftwood damage. Forest policy processes in Japan are characterized by incrementalism, central mobilization, and hegemony of career civil servants. Responses to forest ecosystem disservices have changed the central mobilization policy pattern. Punctuated equilibrium theory can be applied to several policy processes in Japan, but it provides only limited explanation for policy responses to forest ecosystem disservices. The responses are influenced by national governance and public administration traditions and cultures. It is relevant to expand research on policy responses to forest ecosystem disservices, recognizing that ideal responses may require unusual approaches not within traditional policy making or outside of established policy cultures.
Keywords	Japan ; equilibrium theory ; forest ecosystems ; forest policy ; governance ; hay fever
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Size	p. 2272-2285.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	120759-3
ISSN	1654-7209 ; 0044-7447
ISSN (online)	1654-7209
ISSN	0044-7447
DOI	10.1007/s13280-021-01566-2
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Article: Relationship between Obesity Indicators and Gingival Inflammation in Middle-aged Japanese Men.

Suzuki, Seitaro / Onose, Yuki / Yoshino, Koichi / Takayanagi, Atsushi / Kamijo, Hideyuki / Sugihara, Naoki

The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College

2020 Volume 61, Issue 3, Page(s) 153–160

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and the body mass index (BMI) as obesity indicators and gingival inflammation as determined by bleeding on probing (BOP). The participants comprised ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and the body mass index (BMI) as obesity indicators and gingival inflammation as determined by bleeding on probing (BOP). The participants comprised employees of a milk products company based in Tokyo, Japan. A total of 159 non-diabetic men aged 40 to 59 yr and with a minimum of 28 teeth were included. Multiple logistic regression analysis controlling for age, smoking status, pocket depth, frequency of daily brushing, frequency of weekly interdental brushing, and regular dental attendance was performed to compare the relationships among the obesity indicators and BOP. Participants with good oral hygiene had significantly less BOP than those with poor oral hygiene (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed among the other items investigated. A significant association was observed between WHtR and BOP (odds ratio: 2.40, 95% confidence interval: 1.11-5.22); no such association was observed with the BMI, however. The present results showed that obesity, as determined according to a visceral fat index, was associated with BOP, but not with BMI. This suggests that the WHtR is a more accurate index of obesity than the BMI in studies on BOP.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Gingivitis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Japan ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; Tokyo
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-14
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	968071-8
ISSN	0040-8891
ISSN	0040-8891
DOI	10.2209/tdcpublication.2019-0031
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Article ; Online: Factors associated with development of root caries in dentition without root caries experience in a 2-year cohort study in Japan.

Suzuki, Seitaro / Onose, Yuki / Yoshino, Koichi / Takayanagi, Atsushi / Kamijo, Hideyuki / Sugihara, Naoki

Journal of dentistry

2020 Volume 95, Page(s) 103304

Abstract: Objectives: To investigate factors associated with the development of root caries in dentition without root caries experience and interactive relationships between risk factors.: Methods: We conducted surveys, consisting of an oral examination (oral ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To investigate factors associated with the development of root caries in dentition without root caries experience and interactive relationships between risk factors. Methods: We conducted surveys, consisting of an oral examination (oral hygiene, assessment of the number of teeth, coronal and root caries) and a self-reported questionnaire, among employees of a company in Tokyo, Japan in 2016 and 2018. Questionnaires collected data on smoking status, oral hygiene habits, sugar intake, and frequency of dental visits. Multiple logistic regression and decision tree analyses were used to determine factors associated with the development of root caries. Results: A total of 299 participants aged 25-63 years were included in the analysis. Males, older adults, smokers/past smokers had a significantly greater risk of developing root caries. The risk of developing root caries was significantly associated with the number of teeth with gingival recession at baseline (6-9 teeth, odds ratio [OR]: 7.69, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 2.31-25.56; 10+ teeth, OR: 9.19, 95 % CI: 2.73-30.95, relative to ≤5 teeth); and with the number of coronal decayed and filled (DF) teeth (11-13 teeth, OR: 3.21, 95 % CI: 1.12-9.24; and ≥14 teeth, OR: 3.60, 95 % CI: 1.27-10.20, relative to ≤10 teeth). Other factors associated with root caries development differed according to the number of teeth with gingival recession and included drinking sugar-sweetened beverages, and the amount of toothpaste used. Conclusions: Gingival recession and number of coronal DF teeth were associated with the development of root caries. Clinical significance: Multiple factors are associated with root caries development. The effect of risk factors such as drinking sweetened beverages and less toothpaste use is greater in individuals with greater gingival recession and more coronal decayed and filled teeth. Dental practitioners should focus on modifiable risk factors to prevent root caries.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Cohort Studies ; DMF Index ; Dental Caries ; Dentists ; Dentition ; Humans ; Japan ; Middle Aged ; Professional Role ; Risk Factors ; Root Caries ; Tokyo
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	186068-9
ISSN	1879-176X ; 0300-5712
ISSN (online)	1879-176X
ISSN	0300-5712
DOI	10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103304
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