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  1. Book ; Online: Towards Theory-based Moral AI

    Takeshita, Masashi / Rafal, Rzepka / Araki, Kenji

    Moral AI with Aggregating Models Based on Normative Ethical Theory

    2023  

    Abstract: Moral AI has been studied in the fields of philosophy and artificial intelligence. Although most existing studies are only theoretical, recent developments in AI have made it increasingly necessary to implement AI with morality. On the other hand, humans ...

    Abstract Moral AI has been studied in the fields of philosophy and artificial intelligence. Although most existing studies are only theoretical, recent developments in AI have made it increasingly necessary to implement AI with morality. On the other hand, humans are under the moral uncertainty of not knowing what is morally right. In this paper, we implement the Maximizing Expected Choiceworthiness (MEC) algorithm, which aggregates outputs of models based on three normative theories of normative ethics to generate the most appropriate output. MEC is a method for making appropriate moral judgments under moral uncertainty. Our experimental results suggest that the output of MEC correlates to some extent with commonsense morality and that MEC can produce equally or more appropriate output than existing methods.

    Comment: Accepted IJCAI 2023 Workshop of Ethics and Trust in Human-AI Collaboration: Socio-Technical Approaches (EthAIcs 2023)
    Keywords Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Computation and Language
    Subject code 170
    Publishing date 2023-06-20
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Ring annuloplasty, optionally combined with edge-to-edge leaflet plications, should be amended with subvalvular repair techniques to efficaciously treat tricuspid regurgitation with severe tethering.

    Takeshita, Masashi / Arai, Hirokuni / Nagaoka, Eiki / Oi, Keiji / Fujiwara, Tatsuki / Oishi, Kiyotoshi / Mizuno, Tomohiro

    European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery

    2023  Volume 63, Issue 6

    Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of tricuspid annuloplasty with/without additional edge-to-edge plications in patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and to clarify the impact of tethering on surgical outcomes.: ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of tricuspid annuloplasty with/without additional edge-to-edge plications in patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and to clarify the impact of tethering on surgical outcomes.
    Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients with moderate or greater functional TR who underwent initial tricuspid valve repair between January 2008 and December 2021. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether they had tethering (preoperative tethering area ≥0.75 cm2). All patients underwent annuloplasty, and edge-to-edge plications were added at the regurgitant leakage site identified by saline tests. The surgical outcomes of each group and the effect of tethering on recurrent moderate or greater TR were evaluated.
    Results: One hundred and thirty-three patients were included in this study. During the follow-up period of 55.3 (standard deviation: 44.9) months, the 5-year survival rates were 78.4% in patients without tethering and 76.1% in patients with tethering (P = 0.78). The 5-year cumulative incidence rates of readmission for heart failure and recurrent TR were 10.8% and 1.3% in patients without tethering and 23.0% and 29.5% in patients with tethering, respectively (P = 0.12 and <0.001). Multivariable analyses revealed that the preoperative and predischarge tethering areas predicted recurrent TR. A large tethering area remained postoperatively in patients with tethering.
    Conclusions: In patients without tethering, annuloplasty and additional edge-to-edge plications are effective in avoiding recurrent TR with satisfactory midterm clinical outcomes. However, in patients with tethering, these procedures resulted in residual tethering, which could be leading to recurrent TR.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency ; Tricuspid Valve/surgery ; Mitral Valve/surgery ; Aortic Valve ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Cardiac Valve Annuloplasty/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-23
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639293-3
    ISSN 1873-734X ; 1010-7940 ; 1567-4258
    ISSN (online) 1873-734X
    ISSN 1010-7940 ; 1567-4258
    DOI 10.1093/ejcts/ezad108
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Book ; Online: Speciesist Language and Nonhuman Animal Bias in English Masked Language Models

    Takeshita, Masashi / Rzepka, Rafal / Araki, Kenji

    2022  

    Abstract: Various existing studies have analyzed what social biases are inherited by NLP models. These biases may directly or indirectly harm people, therefore previous studies have focused only on human attributes. However, until recently no research on social ... ...

    Abstract Various existing studies have analyzed what social biases are inherited by NLP models. These biases may directly or indirectly harm people, therefore previous studies have focused only on human attributes. However, until recently no research on social biases in NLP regarding nonhumans existed. In this paper, we analyze biases to nonhuman animals, i.e. speciesist bias, inherent in English Masked Language Models such as BERT. We analyzed speciesist bias against 46 animal names using template-based and corpus-extracted sentences containing speciesist (or non-speciesist) language. We found that pre-trained masked language models tend to associate harmful words with nonhuman animals and have a bias toward using speciesist language for some nonhuman animal names. Our code for reproducing the experiments will be made available on GitHub.

    Comment: This paper is an accepted manuscript for publication in Information Processing & Management
    Keywords Computer Science - Computation and Language
    Publishing date 2022-03-09
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Papillary muscle relocation and annular repositioning for functional tricuspid regurgitation.

    Takeshita, Masashi / Arai, Hirokuni / Nagaoka, Eiki / Mizuno, Tomohiro

    JTCVS techniques

    2020  Volume 3, Page(s) 162–165

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2666-2507
    ISSN (online) 2666-2507
    DOI 10.1016/j.xjtc.2020.05.014
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Successful mitral valve repair involving division of bridging tissue in a patient with double orifice mitral valve.

    Takeshita, Masashi / Arai, Hirokuni / Mizuno, Tomohiro / Yashima, Masahumi

    The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery

    2018  Volume 157, Issue 5, Page(s) e293–e295

    MeSH term(s) Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnostic imaging ; Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology ; Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/instrumentation ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve/abnormalities ; Mitral Valve/diagnostic imaging ; Mitral Valve/physiopathology ; Mitral Valve/surgery ; Mitral Valve Annuloplasty/instrumentation ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency/physiopathology ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery ; Recovery of Function ; Suture Techniques ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 3104-5
    ISSN 1097-685X ; 0022-5223
    ISSN (online) 1097-685X
    ISSN 0022-5223
    DOI 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.10.141
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Surgical extraction of cardiac implantable electronic device leads based on a heart team approach.

    Mizuno, Tomohiro / Goya, Masahiko / Fujiwara, Tatsuki / Oishi, Kiyotoshi / Takeshita, Masashi / Yashima, Masafumi / Nagaoka, Eiki / Oi, Keiji / Sasano, Tetsuo

    Journal of cardiology

    2022  Volume 81, Issue 1, Page(s) 111–116

    Abstract: Background: As cardiac implantable electronic devices, such as pacemakers, cardioverter defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapies, have become more popular, device extraction has become more frequent. At our institution, individual ... ...

    Abstract Background: As cardiac implantable electronic devices, such as pacemakers, cardioverter defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapies, have become more popular, device extraction has become more frequent. At our institution, individual treatment strategies are discussed at a heart team meeting. Transvenous lead extraction (TVLE) is a first-line treatment; however, surgical lead extraction (SLE) is sometimes selected as a primary choice to provide optimal treatment and maintain the medical safety policy. This study aimed to investigate the validity of this heart team decision-making.
    Methods: From 2013 to 2021, 384 consecutive patients underwent lead extraction at our institution.
    Results: SLE was proposed as the primary intervention for 21 patients who had high risk of bleeding, difficult TVLE conditions, large vegetations, and other concomitant cardiac diseases. Of the 363 TVLE patients, 10 patients required surgical intervention; 5 had TVLE difficulty followed by SLE and 5 had excessive bleeding. SLE was performed in 26 patients, 19 of whom required valve surgery, and 8 required plication of the great veins. In 4 of the 17 hybrid procedures with SLE and TVLE, excessive bleeding occurred due to laceration of the superior vena cava and innominate vein. Operative mortality was not observed in SLE patients but was observed in 1 of the 4 TVLE patients who required emergent open-chest hemostasis.
    Conclusions: The heart team discussion was essential to provide optimal treatment and maintain medical safety policies for each patient. SLE should be selected for patients with high risk of TVLE or other cardiac complications such as tricuspid valve incompetence.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Defibrillators, Implantable/adverse effects ; Device Removal/methods ; Electronics ; Pacemaker, Artificial/adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Vena Cava, Superior
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639364-0
    ISSN 1876-4738 ; 0386-2887 ; 0914-5087
    ISSN (online) 1876-4738
    ISSN 0386-2887 ; 0914-5087
    DOI 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.08.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Long-term outcomes of papillary muscle relocation anteriorly for functional mitral regurgitation.

    Oi, Keiji / Arai, Hirokuni / Nagaoka, Eiki / Fujiwara, Tatsuki / Oishi, Kiyotoshi / Takeshita, Masashi / Anzai, Tatsuhiko / Mizuno, Tomohiro

    Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery

    2022  Volume 35, Issue 6

    Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of the patients who underwent restrictive annuloplasty (RA) plus papillary muscle relocation anteriorly (PMR-A) with the risk factors in mitral valve repair for functional mitral regurgitation (FMR).! ...

    Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of the patients who underwent restrictive annuloplasty (RA) plus papillary muscle relocation anteriorly (PMR-A) with the risk factors in mitral valve repair for functional mitral regurgitation (FMR).
    Methods: Eighty-six patients underwent mitral valve repair with RA for FMR. Thirty-five of them received additional bilateral papillary muscle relocation for severe leaflet tethering. The papillary muscles were relocated posteriorly (PMR-P) early in the study. Then, in the later period, the technique was modified to PMR-A, in which the papillary muscles were relocated anteriorly for 24 cases. The survival of the patients undergoing RA + PMR-A was examined retrospectively, adjusting for differences in patient background.
    Results: Twenty-three deaths were observed during the follow-up period out of the 86 cases. Independent preoperative risk factors for survival were left ventricular ejection fraction, patient age and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level. Among the patients with BNP <1000 pg/ml, 5-year survival after RA plus PMR-A was 84.7%, while RA alone was 78.6% and RA + PMR-P 57.1%. Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for the preoperative risk factors showed a significantly higher hazard ratio of RA + PMR-P to RA + PMR-A (12.77, P = 0.011), while the hazard ratio of RA alone to RA + PMR-A was not significantly different. Furthermore, reverse remodelling of the left ventricle was observed for 3 years only in RA + PMR-A.
    Conclusions: Long-term survival for patients who underwent RA plus bilateral PMR-A was promising. Patients with significantly higher BNP had lower survival after valve repair for FMR.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Papillary Muscles/diagnostic imaging ; Papillary Muscles/surgery ; Stroke Volume ; Retrospective Studies ; Ventricular Function, Left
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2095298-3
    ISSN 1569-9285 ; 1569-9293
    ISSN (online) 1569-9285
    ISSN 1569-9293
    DOI 10.1093/icvts/ivac245
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: The rotational position of the aortic valve: implications for valve-sparing aortic root replacement.

    Oishi, Kiyotoshi / Arai, Hirokuni / Oi, Keiji / Nagaoka, Eiki / Yashima, Masafumi / Fujiwara, Tatsuki / Takeshita, Masashi / Mizuno, Tomohiro

    European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery

    2022  Volume 62, Issue 3

    Abstract: Objectives: There are few reports on the rotational position of the aortic valve relative to the base of the left ventricle, and its influence on valve-sparing aortic root replacement (VSRR) has not been reported. Based on our experience with ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: There are few reports on the rotational position of the aortic valve relative to the base of the left ventricle, and its influence on valve-sparing aortic root replacement (VSRR) has not been reported. Based on our experience with complications such as right atrial perforation and tricuspid valve injury, we investigated the cause of these complications in terms of morphological variations in the aortic root and its surrounding structures.
    Methods: The aortic valve rotation relative to the base of the left ventricle was assessed in 30 patients with tri-leaflet aortic valves who underwent VSRR. The influence of such anatomical variations on surgical procedures was investigated.
    Results: The aortic valve was positioned normally in 25 patients (83.3%), rotated counterclockwise in 4 (13.3%), and rotated clockwise in 1 patient (3.3%). In patients with a counterclockwise rotated aortic valve, the non-coronary sinus was the largest compared with other sinuses. This aortic valve rotation could be diagnosed by multidetector row computed tomography. In all patients who had difficulty in the external dissection of the right sinus of Valsalva, the aortic valve was counterclockwise rotated and forcible dissection had a risk of right atrial perforation and tricuspid valve injury.
    Conclusions: Aortic valve rotation is an element that complicates VSRR. The rotational position of the aortic valve can be diagnosed preoperatively using multidetector row computed tomography and understanding the anatomy of the aortic valve related to rotational position help decide proper surgical decision-making in performing aortic root reconstruction procedure.
    MeSH term(s) Aorta/diagnostic imaging ; Aorta/surgery ; Aortic Valve/diagnostic imaging ; Aortic Valve/surgery ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects ; Humans ; Thorax
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-14
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639293-3
    ISSN 1873-734X ; 1010-7940 ; 1567-4258
    ISSN (online) 1873-734X
    ISSN 1010-7940 ; 1567-4258
    DOI 10.1093/ejcts/ezac179
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Efficacy of singular and composite annular repositioning and subvalvular surgical techniques to treat functional tricuspid regurgitation due to leaflet tethering: Early results of a feasibility study.

    Takeshita, Masashi / Arai, Hirokuni / Nagaoka, Eiki / Oi, Keiji / Yashima, Masafumi / Fujiwara, Tatsuki / Oishi, Kiyotoshi / Mizuno, Tomohiro

    European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery

    2022  Volume 62, Issue 3

    Abstract: Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients with subvalvular procedures for functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) with severe leaflet tethering.: Methods: Of 175 patients who had tricuspid valve surgery between June ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients with subvalvular procedures for functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) with severe leaflet tethering.
    Methods: Of 175 patients who had tricuspid valve surgery between June 2016 and June 2021, a total of 17 patients with functional TR with a preoperative tethering height ≥8 mm underwent subvalvular procedures (annular repositioning [An-Rep]) to reduce septal leaflet tethering, papillary muscle relocation to reduce anterior leaflet tethering, and/or papillary muscle bundling [PMB] to reduce anterior and posterior leaflet tethering along with ring annuloplasty at our institution. A single subvalvular procedure was performed in 9 patients (An-Rep in 5 patients, PMB in 4 patients; group S), and a combination of subvalvular procedures was performed in 8 patients (An-Rep and papillary muscle relocation in 5 patients, An-Rep and PMB in 3 patients; group C).
    Results: Predischarge TR grades and tethering height were significantly improved (3.2 ± 1.3-1.0 ± 0.5, p = 0.001; 9.9 ± 2.5 mm-5.5 ± 2.8 mm, p < 0.001, respectively). An-Rep and PMB significantly reduced the postoperative closing angles of the septal and anterior leaflets, respectively. During the 20.4 ± 19.5-month follow-up period, the rates of freedom from death and moderate TR at 2 years were 41.7% in group S, and 71.4% in group C (p = 0.39), respectively. In group C, TR recurrence was not observed at 2 years postoperatively.
    Conclusions: Subvalvular procedures were effective in reducing the predischarge TR grades and tethering height. The combination of subvalvular procedures might be a durable strategy to prevent recurrent TR.
    MeSH term(s) Feasibility Studies ; Humans ; Mitral Valve/surgery ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery ; Tricuspid Valve/surgery ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/etiology ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-14
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639293-3
    ISSN 1873-734X ; 1010-7940 ; 1567-4258
    ISSN (online) 1873-734X
    ISSN 1010-7940 ; 1567-4258
    DOI 10.1093/ejcts/ezac101
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: A prospective randomized controlled study to assess the effectiveness of super FIXSORB WAVE

    Oishi, Kiyotoshi / Arai, Hirokuni / Kuroki, Hidehito / Fujioka, Tomoyuki / Tomita, Makoto / Tasaki, Dai / Oi, Keiji / Nagaoka, Eiki / Fujiwara, Tatsuki / Takeshita, Masashi / Yoshizaki, Tomoya / Someya, Takeshi / Mizuno, Tomohiro

    General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery

    2023  Volume 71, Issue 11, Page(s) 665–673

    Abstract: Background: We developed a new sternal fixation device, Super FIXSORB WAVE: Methods: This prospective, single-blinded, multicenter trial randomized 69 patients to either wire cerclage only (group C, n = 30) or wire cerclage plus Super FIXSORB WAVE: ...

    Abstract Background: We developed a new sternal fixation device, Super FIXSORB WAVE
    Methods: This prospective, single-blinded, multicenter trial randomized 69 patients to either wire cerclage only (group C, n = 30) or wire cerclage plus Super FIXSORB WAVE
    Results: Group W showed significantly reduced sternal anteroposterior displacement at both the third costal (0 [0-1.9] mm vs. 1.1 [0-2.1] mm; P = 0.014) and fourth intercostal (0 [0-1.0] mm) vs. 1.0 [0-1.8] mm; P = 0.015) levels than group C. In group W, lateral displacement was suppressed without a significant increase from 2 weeks to 6 months, while it increased in group C. There was no significant difference in postoperative sternal pain and quality-of-life between the two groups. No adverse events, such as infection, inflammation, or foreign body reaction, were observed with this device.
    Conclusions: Using Super FIXSORB WAVE
    Clinical trial registry number: This study was registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (February 21, 2019; jRCTs032180146).
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-25
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2376888-5
    ISSN 1863-6713 ; 1863-6705
    ISSN (online) 1863-6713
    ISSN 1863-6705
    DOI 10.1007/s11748-023-01928-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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