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  1. Article ; Online: In vitro and in vivo study on fine-grained Mg–Zn–RE–Zr alloy as a biodegradeable orthopedic implant produced by friction stir processing

    Vasanth C. Shunmugasamy / Marwa AbdelGawad / Muhammad Umar Sohail / Talal Ibrahim / Talha Khan / Thomas Daniel Seers / Bilal Mansoor

    Bioactive Materials, Vol 28, Iss , Pp 448-

    2023  Volume 466

    Abstract: Magnesium alloys containing biocompatible components show tremendous promise for applications as temporary biomedical devices. However, to ensure their safe use as biodegradeable implants, it is essential to control their corrosion rates. In concentrated ...

    Abstract Magnesium alloys containing biocompatible components show tremendous promise for applications as temporary biomedical devices. However, to ensure their safe use as biodegradeable implants, it is essential to control their corrosion rates. In concentrated Mg alloys, a microgalvanic coupling between the α-Mg matrix and secondary precipitates exists which results in increased corrosion rate. To address this challenge, we engineered the microstructure of a biodegradable Mg–Zn–RE–Zr alloy by friction stir processing (FSP), improving its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties simultaneously. The FS processed alloy with refined grains and broken and uniformly distributed secondary precipitates showed a relatively uniform corrosion morphology accompanied with the formation of a stable passive layer on the alloy surface. In vivo corrosion evaluation of the processed alloy in a small animal model showed that the material was well-tolerated with no signs of inflammation or harmful by-products. Remarkably, the processed alloy supported bone until it healed till eight weeks with a low in vivo corrosion rate of 0.7 mm/year. Moreover, we analyzed blood and histology of the critical organs such as liver and kidney, which showed normal functionality and consistent ion and enzyme levels, throughout the 12-week study period. These results demonstrate that the processed Mg–Zn–RE–Zr alloy offers promising potential for osseointegration in bone tissue healing while also exhibiting controlled biodegradability due to its engineered microstructure. The results from the present study will have profound benefit for bone fracture management, particularly in pediatric and elderly patients.
    Keywords Biodegradable magnesium ; Bone healing ; Friction stir processing ; Microstructure ; Corrosion resistance ; Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ; TA401-492 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 669
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Exploring the Potential of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to Combat COVID-19 and Existing Opportunities for LMIC

    Maleeha Naseem / Ramsha Akhund / Hajra Arshad / Muhammad Talal Ibrahim

    Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, Vol

    A Scoping Review

    2020  Volume 11

    Abstract: Background: In the face of the current time-sensitive COVID-19 pandemic, the limited capacity of healthcare systems resulted in an emerging need to develop newer methods to control the spread of the pandemic. Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine ... ...

    Abstract Background: In the face of the current time-sensitive COVID-19 pandemic, the limited capacity of healthcare systems resulted in an emerging need to develop newer methods to control the spread of the pandemic. Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML) have a vast potential to exponentially optimize health care research. The use of AI-driven tools in LMIC can help in eradicating health inequalities and decrease the burden on health systems. Methods: The literature search for this Scoping review was conducted through the PubMed database using keywords: COVID-19, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Low Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). Forty-three articles were identified and screened for eligibility and 13 were included in the final review. All the items of this Scoping review are reported using guidelines for PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Results: Results were synthesized and reported under 4 themes. (a) The need of AI during this pandemic : AI can assist to increase the speed and accuracy of identification of cases and through data mining to deal with the health crisis efficiently, (b) Utility of AI in COVID-19 screening, contact tracing, and diagnosis : Efficacy for virus detection can a be increased by deploying the smart city data network using terminal tracking system along-with prediction of future outbreaks, (c) Use of AI in COVID-19 patient monitoring and drug development : A Deep learning system provides valuable information regarding protein structures associated with COVID-19 which could be utilized for vaccine formulation, and (d) AI beyond COVID-19 and opportunities for Low-Middle Income Countries (LMIC) : There is a lack of financial, material, and human resources in LMIC, AI can minimize the workload on human labor and help in analyzing vast medical data, potentiating predictive and preventive healthcare. Conclusion: AI-based tools can be a game-changer for diagnosis, treatment, and management of COVID-19 patients with the potential to reshape the future of healthcare in LMIC.
    Keywords Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; covid19
    Subject code 006
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SAGE Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Impact of Perfectionism and Resilience on Empathy in Medical Students

    Wardah Rafaqat / Ashmal Sami / Muhammad Talal Ibrahim / Hamza Ibad / Sheharbano Awais / Ayesha Memon / Fatima Farrukh Shahbaz / Daniyaal Ahmed / Shahzaib Zindani / Abdul Lateef Leghari / Sarah Saleem

    Journal of Patient Experience, Vol

    A Cross-Sectional Study

    2022  Volume 9

    Abstract: Empathy is a cognitive attribute that forms the cornerstone for good doctor–patient encounters. The formative period for the development of empathy toward patients begins with clinical encounters within medical school. An individual medical student's ... ...

    Abstract Empathy is a cognitive attribute that forms the cornerstone for good doctor–patient encounters. The formative period for the development of empathy toward patients begins with clinical encounters within medical school. An individual medical student's empathy levels may in part be a product of their resilience and perfectionist attitudes. A cross-sectional study with 320 medical students across all years of study was conducted to determine the correlation of perfectionism and resilience with clinical empathy in medical students. The JSE-S, CD-RISC 10, and APS-R scales were used to assess levels of empathy, resilience, and perfectionism, respectively. The study found that a positive correlation exists between resilience ( r = 0.174) and academic year with empathy, and a negative correlation exists between maladaptive perfectionism and empathy ( r = −0.138). The resilience score declined progressively as the year of study progressed with a statistically significant. Mean empathy scores were lowest in fifth-year students (96.8 ± 12.5) and highest in third-year students (107.8 ± 13.2). Further longitudinal studies are necessary to better understand the impact of resilience and perfectionism on empathy.
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SAGE Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: High-Flow nasal cannula treatment in patients with COVID-19 acute hypoxemic respiratory failure

    Mohammed S Alshahrani / Hassan M Alshaqaq / Jehan Alhumaid / Ammar A Binammar / Khalid H AlSalem / Abdulazez Alghamdi / Ahmed Abdulhady / Moamen Yehia / Amal AlSulaibikh / Mohammed Al Jumaan / Waleed H Albuli / Talal Ibrahim / Abdullah A Yousef / Yousef Almubarak / Waleed Alhazzani

    Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Vol 9, Iss 3, Pp 215-

    A prospective cohort study

    2021  Volume 222

    Abstract: Background: Early use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) decreases the need for endotracheal intubation (EI) in different respiratory failure causes. While HFNC is used in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related acute hypoxemic respiratory failure ( ... ...

    Abstract Background: Early use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) decreases the need for endotracheal intubation (EI) in different respiratory failure causes. While HFNC is used in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) under weak recommendations, its efficacy remains to be investigated. Objectives: The primary objective was to examine HFNC efficacy in preventing EI among COVID-19 patients with AHRF. Secondary objectives were to determine predictors of HFNC success/failure, mortality rate, and length of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted at a single tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia from April to August 2020. Adult patients admitted to the ICU with AHRF secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia and managed with HFNC were included. We excluded patients who were intubated or managed with non-invasive ventilation before HFNC. Results: Forty-four patients received HFNC for a median duration of 3 days (interquartile range, 1–5 days). The mean age was 57 ± 14 years, and 86% were men. HFNC failure and EI occurred in 29 (66%) patients. Patients in whom HNFC treatment failed had a higher risk of death (52% versus 0%; P = 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, a high SOFA score and a low ROX index were significantly associated with HFNC failure (hazard ratio [HR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.93; P = 0.025; and HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42–0.88; P = 0.008, respectively). Conclusions: One-third of hypoxemic COVID-19 patients who received HFNC did not require intubation. High SOFA score and low ROX index were associated with HFNC failure.
    Keywords acute hypoxemic respiratory failure ; covid-19 ; endotracheal intubation ; high-flow nasal cannula ; oxygen therapy ; sars-cov-2 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Endothelial Cell Image Enhancement Using Non-Subsampled Image Pyramid

    Mohammad A.U. Khan / M. Khalid Khan / M. Aurangzeb Khan / M. Talal Ibrahim

    Information Technology Journal, Vol 6, Iss 7, Pp 1057-

    2007  Volume 1062

    Abstract: A corneal endothelial cell image provides vast amount of information about a human eye. The cell density and cell shape parameters of a given endothelial cell image help ophthalmologists in making many vital clinical decisions. The acquired endothelial ... ...

    Abstract A corneal endothelial cell image provides vast amount of information about a human eye. The cell density and cell shape parameters of a given endothelial cell image help ophthalmologists in making many vital clinical decisions. The acquired endothelial image is poor in contrast where cell boundaries are masked in the background. Previously, most of the work was based on morphological operations in spatial domain. However, if we think of cell structure as texture hidden in noisy background, we can get help from wavelet-texture segmentation, a well studied area. In this study, we propose a non-subsampled Wavelet pyramid decomposition of lowpass region. At certain level of the pyramid, we start observing cleaner cell boundary structure which greatly facilitates its segmentation. Once segmented automatic cell counting can be used and simulation results have shown improvement in cell density count.
    Keywords Endothelial cell images ; image pyramids ; wavelets ; image enhancement ; Information technology ; T58.5-58.64 ; Industrial engineering. Management engineering ; T55.4-60.8 ; Technology (General) ; T1-995 ; Technology ; T ; DOAJ:Computer Science ; DOAJ:Technology and Engineering
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Asian Network for Scientific Information
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Nitrofurantoin-induced fulminant hepatitis mimicking autoimmune hepatitis.

    Peedikayil, Musthafa Chalikandy / Dahhan, Talal Ibrahim / Al Ashgar, Hamad Ibrahim

    The Annals of pharmacotherapy

    2006  Volume 40, Issue 10, Page(s) 1888–1889

    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune/diagnosis ; Humans ; Liver Failure, Acute/chemically induced ; Liver Failure, Acute/diagnosis ; Nitrofurantoin/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Nitrofurantoin (927AH8112L)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 1101370-9
    ISSN 1542-6270 ; 1060-0280
    ISSN (online) 1542-6270
    ISSN 1060-0280
    DOI 10.1345/aph.1H136
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Association between proton pump inhibitor therapy and clostridium difficile infection

    Imad M Tleyjeh / Aref A Bin Abdulhak / Muhammad Riaz / Faisal A Alasmari / Musa A Garbati / Mushabab AlGhamdi / Abdur Rahman Khan / Mohamad Al Tannir / Patricia J Erwin / Talal Ibrahim / Abed Allehibi / Larry M Baddour / Alex J Sutton

    PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 12, p e

    a contemporary systematic review and meta-analysis.

    2012  Volume 50836

    Abstract: Introduction Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) acid-suppression therapy is associated with an increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Methods Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus ... ...

    Abstract Introduction Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) acid-suppression therapy is associated with an increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Methods Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from 1990 to January 2012 for analytical studies that reported an adjusted effect estimate of the association between PPI use and CDI. We performed random-effect meta-analyses. We used the GRADE framework to interpret the findings. Results We identified 47 eligible citations (37 case-control and 14 cohort studies) with corresponding 51 effect estimates. The pooled OR was 1.65, 95% CI (1.47, 1.85), I(2) = 89.9%, with evidence of publication bias suggested by a contour funnel plot. A novel regression based method was used to adjust for publication bias and resulted in an adjusted pooled OR of 1.51 (95% CI, 1.26-1.83). In a speculative analysis that assumes that this association is based on causality, and based on published baseline CDI incidence, the risk of CDI would be very low in the general population taking PPIs with an estimated NNH of 3925 at 1 year. Conclusions In this rigorously conducted systemic review and meta-analysis, we found very low quality evidence (GRADE class) for an association between PPI use and CDI that does not support a cause-effect relationship.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Principal Component Analysis of Directional Images for Face Recognition

    Mohammad A.U. Khan / Muhammad Khalid Khan / Muhammad Aurangzeb Khan / Muhammad Talal Ibrahim / Muhammad Kamran Ahmed / Jahanzeb Afzal Baig

    Information Technology Journal, Vol 3, Iss 3, Pp 290-

    2004  Volume 295

    Abstract: This study addresses new face recognition method based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Directional Filter Bank (DFB) responses. Our method consists of two parts. One is the creation of directional images using DFB from the original face image. ... ...

    Abstract This study addresses new face recognition method based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Directional Filter Bank (DFB) responses. Our method consists of two parts. One is the creation of directional images using DFB from the original face image. The other is transforming the directional images into eigenspace by PCA, which is able to optimally classify individual facial representations. PCA analysis is primarily used as a dimensionality reduction technique with least consideration to the recognition aspect. The basic idea of combining PCA and DFB is to provide PCA with some recognition ability. In our system recognition ability of the PCA is enhanced by providing directional images as inputs. The experiment results showed the remarkable improvement of recognition rate of 21.25% in Olivetti data set.
    Keywords Information technology ; T58.5-58.64 ; Industrial engineering. Management engineering ; T55.4-60.8 ; Technology (General) ; T1-995 ; Technology ; T ; DOAJ:Computer Science ; DOAJ:Technology and Engineering
    Subject code 006
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Asian Network for Scientific Information
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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