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Article ; Online: The importance of being generic: Avoiding brand names for safety and clarity.

Hambrick, H Rhodes / Tang Girdwood, Sonya

2023 Volume 18, Issue 9, Page(s) 870–871

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drugs, Generic
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Generic
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2233783-0
ISSN	1553-5606 ; 1553-5592
ISSN (online)	1553-5606
ISSN	1553-5592
DOI	10.1002/jhm.13177
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Zs.A 6276: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Professionalism or prejudice? Modelling roles, risking microaggressions.

Miller, Emily / Tang Girdwood, Sonya / Shah, Anita / Anyigbo, Chidiogo / Lanphier, Elizabeth

Journal of medical ethics

2023 Volume 49, Issue 12, Page(s) 822–823

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Professionalism ; Microaggression ; Prejudice ; Ethics, Medical
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	194927-5
ISSN	1473-4257 ; 0306-6800
ISSN (online)	1473-4257
ISSN	0306-6800
DOI	10.1136/jme-2023-109295
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Zs.A 1163: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Current Practices in Pharmacogenomics.

Ramsey, Laura B / Prows, Cynthia A / Tang Girdwood, Sonya / Van Driest, Sara

Pediatric clinics of North America

2023 Volume 70, Issue 5, Page(s) 995–1011

Abstract: Pharmacogenomics, where genomic information is used to tailor medication management, is a strategy to maximize drug efficacy and minimize toxicity. Although pediatric evidence is less robust than for adults, medications influenced by pharmacogenomics are ...

Abstract	Pharmacogenomics, where genomic information is used to tailor medication management, is a strategy to maximize drug efficacy and minimize toxicity. Although pediatric evidence is less robust than for adults, medications influenced by pharmacogenomics are prescribed to children and adolescents. Evidence-based guidelines and drug label annotations are available from the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) and the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB). Some pediatric health care facilities use pharmacogenomics to provide dosing recommendations to pediatricians. Herein, we use a case-based approach to illustrate the use of pharmacogenomic data in pediatric clinical care and provide resources for finding and using pharmacogenomic guidelines.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; Child ; Pharmacogenetics ; Pediatricians
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	215711-1
ISSN	1557-8240 ; 0031-3955
ISSN (online)	1557-8240
ISSN	0031-3955
DOI	10.1016/j.pcl.2023.05.010
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Article ; Online: Major Drug-Drug Interaction Exposure Among Medicaid-Insured Children in the Outpatient Setting.

Kyler, Kathryn E / Hall, Matt / Antoon, James W / Goldman, Jennifer / Shah, Samir S / Tang Girdwood, Sonya / Williams, Derek J / Feinstein, James A

Pediatrics

2024 Volume 153, Issue 2

MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Medicaid ; Drug Interactions ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	207677-9
ISSN	1098-4275 ; 0031-4005
ISSN (online)	1098-4275
ISSN	0031-4005
DOI	10.1542/peds.2023-063506
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Article ; Online: Partnering with Clinical Pharmacologists to Improve Medication Use in Children.

Miyagi, Shogo John / Lam, Edwin / Tang Girdwood, Sonya

The Journal of pediatrics

2020 Volume 227, Page(s) 5–8

MeSH term(s)	Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Labeling/legislation & jurisprudence ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Off-Label Use ; Pediatrics/organization & administration ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage ; Pharmacology, Clinical/education ; Pharmacology, Clinical/organization & administration
Chemical Substances	Pharmaceutical Preparations
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	3102-1
ISSN	1097-6833 ; 0022-3476
ISSN (online)	1097-6833
ISSN	0022-3476
DOI	10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.061
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Article ; Online: Cefepime-Associated Neurotoxicity in a Pediatric Patient With Stage V Chronic Kidney Disease.

Hambrick, Horace Rhodes / Pavia, Kathryn / Tang Girdwood, Sonya / Lazear, Danielle / Taylor, John Michael / Benoit, Stefanie

Journal of pharmacy practice

2022 Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 243–247

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
MeSH term(s)	Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cefepime/adverse effects ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/diagnosis ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology ; Renal Insufficiency/drug therapy ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/chemically induced ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy ; Seizures
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cefepime (807PW4VQE3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1027474-1
ISSN	1531-1937 ; 0897-1900
ISSN (online)	1531-1937
ISSN	0897-1900
DOI	10.1177/08971900221125000
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Zs.A 2893: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Ceftriaxone Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in 2 Pediatric Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy.

Cervantes, Francisco C / Mizuno, Tomoyuki / Dong, Min / Tang, Peter / Arbough, Trent / Vinks, Alexander A / Kaplan, Jennifer M / Tang Girdwood, Sonya C

Therapeutic drug monitoring

2023 Volume 45, Issue 6, Page(s) 832–836

Abstract: Background: Critically ill patients with cardiac or respiratory failure may require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Antibiotics are frequently administered when the suspected cause of organ failure is an infection. Ceftriaxone, a β-lactam ... ...

Abstract	Background: Critically ill patients with cardiac or respiratory failure may require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Antibiotics are frequently administered when the suspected cause of organ failure is an infection. Ceftriaxone, a β-lactam antibiotic, is commonly used in patients who are critically ill. Although studies in adults on ECMO have suggested minimal impact on ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics, limited research exists on ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) in pediatric ECMO patients. We report the PK profiles and target attainment of 2 pediatric patients on ECMO who received ceftriaxone. Methods: Ceftriaxone concentrations were measured in 2 pediatric patients on ECMO using scavenged opportunistic sampling. PK profiles were generated and individual PK parameters were estimated using measured free ceftriaxone concentrations and a published population PK model in children who are critically ill, using Bayesian estimation. Results: Patient 1, an 11-year-old boy on venovenous ECMO for respiratory failure received 2 doses of 52 mg/kg ceftriaxone 12 hours apart while on ECMO and additional doses every 12 hours off ECMO. On ECMO, ceftriaxone clearance was 13.0 L/h/70 kg compared with 7.6 L/h/70 kg off ECMO, whereas the model-predicted mean clearance in children who are critically ill without ECMO support was 6.54 L/h/70 kg. Patient 2, a 2-year-old boy on venoarterial ECMO due to cardiac arrest received 50 mg/kg ceftriaxone every 12 hours while on ECMO for >7 days. Only clearance while on ECMO could be estimated (9.1 L/h/70 kg). Trough concentrations in both patients were >1 mg/L (the breakpoint for Streptococcus pneumoniae ) while on ECMO. Conclusions: ECMO increased ceftriaxone clearance above the model-predicted clearances in the 2 pediatric patients studied. Twelve-hour dosing allowed concentrations to remain above the breakpoint for commonly targeted bacteria but not 4 times the breakpoint in one patient, suggesting that precision dosing may be beneficial to ensure target attainment in children on ECMO.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Male ; Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use ; Critical Illness/therapy ; Bayes Theorem ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Respiratory Insufficiency/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Ceftriaxone (75J73V1629) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	424443-6
ISSN	1536-3694 ; 0163-4356
ISSN (online)	1536-3694
ISSN	0163-4356
DOI	10.1097/FTD.0000000000001133
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Article ; Online: Piperacillin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in paediatric patients who received high frequency intra-operative piperacillin/tazobactam dosing.

McIntire, Carter / Luna Torres, Julie / Tang, Peter / Vinks, Alexander A / Kaplan, Jennifer / Tang Girdwood, Sonya

International journal of antimicrobial agents

2023 Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 107079

Abstract: Piperacillin/tazobactam (PTZ) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, typically dosed every six hours (q6h). Guidelines recommend dosing PTZ every 2 hours (q2h) intra-operatively for complex abdominal surgery, including liver transplant. The data supporting the ... ...

Abstract	Piperacillin/tazobactam (PTZ) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, typically dosed every six hours (q6h). Guidelines recommend dosing PTZ every 2 hours (q2h) intra-operatively for complex abdominal surgery, including liver transplant. The data supporting the guidelines for intra-operative dosing are sparse and the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of q2h dosing has not been studied by simulation or in humans. In this study, PK/PD parameters of high-frequency intra-operative dosing and q6h post-operative dosing were compared in critically ill children. Paediatric patients who received PTZ during complex abdominal surgery or transplant and who had intra-operative and post-operative opportunistic samples were included. Using a published PK model and observed concentrations, individual piperacillin PK/PD parameters were estimated using Bayesian estimation. Alternative post-operative dosing strategies were simulated using the patients with the highest and lowest estimated piperacillin clearance. Thirteen patients were included (median age: 3.1 years, 85% liver transplant recipients). PK parameters in the intra-operative and post-operative phases were not significantly different (clearance: 15.8 ± 7.2 vs. 12.6 ± 6.3 L/h/70 kg, P=0.070; central volume: 13.4 [13.1, 13.8] vs. 15.2 [12.2, 16.0] L/70 kg, P=0.22). At an individual level, intra-operative clearance values were -35% to 139% of the post-operative values, whereas central volume intra-operative values were -40% to 77% of the post-operative values. Intra-operative piperacillin exposure was higher during high-frequency dosing compared with the post-operative period (AUC/h: 109 [93.4, 127] vs. 62.8 [41.6, 78.3] mg/L, P=0.002). Simulations showed great variation in optimal dosing strategies that would minimise toxicity and maximise efficacy, indicating a role for individualised dosing in paediatric surgical populations.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Piperacillin/therapeutic use ; Bayes Theorem ; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Computer Simulation
Chemical Substances	Piperacillin (X00B0D5O0E) ; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination (157044-21-8) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1093977-5
ISSN	1872-7913 ; 0924-8579
ISSN (online)	1872-7913
ISSN	0924-8579
DOI	10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.107079
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Zs.A 3368: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Opportunities for Pharmacogenetic Testing to Guide Dosing of Medications in Youths With Medicaid.

Tang Girdwood, Sonya / Hall, Matthew / Antoon, James W / Kyler, Kathryn E / Williams, Derek J / Shah, Samir S / Orth, Lucas E / Goldman, Jennifer / Feinstein, James A / Ramsey, Laura B

JAMA network open

2024 Volume 7, Issue 2, Page(s) e2355707

Abstract: Importance: There are an increasing number of medications with a high level of evidence for pharmacogenetic-guided dosing (PGx drugs). Knowledge of the prevalence of dispensings of PGx drugs and their associated genes may allow hospitals and clinical ... ...

Abstract	Importance: There are an increasing number of medications with a high level of evidence for pharmacogenetic-guided dosing (PGx drugs). Knowledge of the prevalence of dispensings of PGx drugs and their associated genes may allow hospitals and clinical laboratories to determine which pharmacogenetic tests to implement. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of outpatient dispensings of PGx drugs among Medicaid-insured youths, determine genes most frequently associated with PGx drug dispenses, and describe characteristics of youths who were dispensed at least 1 PGx drug. Design, setting, and participants: This serial cross-sectional study includes data from 2011 to 2019 among youths aged 0 to 17 years in the Marketscan Medicaid database. Data were analyzed from August to December 2022. Main outcomes and measures: PGx drugs were defined as any medication with level A evidence as determined by the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC). The number of unique youths dispensed each PGx drug in each year was determined. PGx drugs were grouped by their associated genes for which there was CPIC level A evidence to guide dosing, and a dispensing rate (No. of PGx drugs/100 000 youths) was determined for each group for the year 2019. Demographics were compared between youths dispensed at least 1 PGx drug and those not dispensed any PGx drugs. Results: The number of Medicaid-insured youths queried ranged by year from 2 078 683 youths in 2011 to 4 641 494 youths in 2017, including 4 126 349 youths (median [IQR] age, 9 [5-13] years; 2 129 926 males [51.6%]) in 2019. The proportion of Medicaid-insured youths dispensed PGx drugs increased from 289 709 youths (13.9%; 95% CI, 13.8%-14.0%) in 2011 to 740 072 youths (17.9%; 95% CI, 17.9%-18.0%) in 2019. Genes associated with the most frequently dispensed medications were CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP2C19 (9197.0 drugs [95% CI, 9167.7-9226.3 drugs], 8731.5 drugs [95% CI, 8702.5-8759.5 drugs], and 3426.8 drugs [95% CI, 3408.1-3443.9 drugs] per 100 000 youths, respectively). There was a higher percentage of youths with at least 1 chronic medical condition among youths dispensed at least 1 PGx drug (510 445 youths [69.0%; 95% CI, 68.8%-69.1%]) than among 3 386 277 youths dispensed no PGx drug (1 381 544 youths [40.8%; 95% CI, 40.7%-40.9%) (P < .001) in 2019. Conclusions and relevance: In this study, there was an increasing prevalence of dispensings for PGx drugs. This finding suggests that pharmacogenetic testing of specific drug-gene pairs should be considered for frequently prescribed PGx drugs and their implicated genes.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; United States ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Pharmacogenomic Testing ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Medicaid ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 ; Databases, Factual
Chemical Substances	Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 (EC 1.14.14.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55707
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Article ; Online: From Dose to Exposure: Shifting the Paradigm of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology Research and Education.

Morales Junior, Ronaldo / Amajor, Victor / Paice, Kelli / Kyler, Kathryn E / Hambrick, H Rhodes / Pavia, Kathryn E / Haynes, Andrew S / Gooden, Felicia / Pais, Gwendolyn M / Downes, Kevin J / Ramsey, Laura B / Wagner, Jonathan / Tang Girdwood, Sonya

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics

2024

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123793-7
ISSN	1532-6535 ; 0009-9236
ISSN (online)	1532-6535
ISSN	0009-9236
DOI	10.1002/cpt.3281
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