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Artikel ; Online: Selective IgA2 deficiency in a patient with small intestinal Crohn's disease.

2023 Band 133, Heft 12

Mesh-Begriff(e)	Humans ; Crohn Disease/complications ; Crohn Disease/genetics ; Immunoglobulin A
Chemische Substanzen	Immunoglobulin A
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-06-15
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3067-3
ISSN	1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
ISSN (online)	1558-8238
ISSN	0021-9738
DOI	10.1172/JCI167742
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Myeloid cell influx into the colonic epithelium is associated with disease severity and non-response to anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in patients with Ulcerative Colitis.

Jha, Divya / Al-Taie, Zainab / Krek, Azra / Eshghi, Shadi Toghi / Fantou, Aurelie / Laurent, Thomas / Tankelevich, Michael / Cao, Xuan / Meringer, Hadar / Livanos, Alexandra E / Tokuyama, Minami / Cossarini, Francesca / Bourreille, Arnaud / Josien, Regis / Hou, Ruixue / Canales-Herrerias, Pablo / Ungaro, Ryan C / Kayal, Maia / Marion, James /

Polydorides, Alexandros D / Ko, Huaibin M / D'souza, Darwin / Merand, Raphael / Kim-Schulze, Seunghee / Hackney, Jason A / Nguyen, Allen / McBride, Jacqueline M / Yuan, Guo-Cheng / Colombel, Jean Frederic / Martin, Jerome C / Argmann, Carmen / Suárez-Fariñas, Mayte / Petralia, Francesca / Mehandru, Saurabh

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with sharply rising global prevalence. Dysfunctional epithelial compartment (EC) dynamics are implicated in UC pathogenesis although EC-specific studies are sparse. ... ...

Abstract	Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with sharply rising global prevalence. Dysfunctional epithelial compartment (EC) dynamics are implicated in UC pathogenesis although EC-specific studies are sparse. Applying orthogonal high-dimensional EC profiling to a Primary Cohort (PC; n=222), we detail major epithelial and immune cell perturbations in active UC. Prominently, reduced frequencies of mature
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-06-05
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.06.02.542863
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Gut-associated lymphoid tissue attrition associates with response to anti-α4β7 therapy in ulcerative colitis.

Canales-Herrerias, Pablo / Uzzan, Mathieu / Seki, Akihiro / Czepielewski, Rafael S / Verstockt, Bram / Livanos, Alexandra E / Raso, Fiona / Dunn, Alexandra / Dai, Daniel / Wang, Andrew / Al-Taie, Zainab / Martin, Jerome / Laurent, Thomas / Ko, Huaibin M / Tokuyama, Minami / Tankelevich, Michael / Meringer, Hadar / Cossarini, Francesca / Jha, Divya /

Krek, Azra / Paulsen, John D / Taylor, Matthew D / Nakadar, Mohammad Zuber / Wong, Joshua / Erlich, Emma C / Mintz, Rachel L / Onufer, Emily J / Helmink, Beth A / Sharma, Keshav / Rosenstein, Adam / Ganjian, Danielle / Chung, Grace / Dawson, Travis / Juarez, Julius / Yajnik, Vijay / Cerutti, Andrea / Faith, Jeremiah J / Suarez-Farinas, Mayte / Argmann, Carmen / Petralia, Francesca / Randolph, Gwendalyn J / Polydorides, Alexandros D / Reboldi, Andrea / Colombel, Jean-Frederic / Mehandru, Saurabh

Science immunology

2024 Band 9, Heft 94, Seite(n) eadg7549

Abstract: Vedolizumab (VDZ) is a first-line treatment in ulcerative colitis (UC) that targets the α4β7- mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) axis. To determine the mechanisms of action of VDZ, we examined five distinct cohorts of patients ...

Abstract	Vedolizumab (VDZ) is a first-line treatment in ulcerative colitis (UC) that targets the α4β7- mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) axis. To determine the mechanisms of action of VDZ, we examined five distinct cohorts of patients with UC. A decrease in naïve B and T cells in the intestines and gut-homing (β7
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy ; Integrins ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Peyer's Patches ; Immunoglobulin G/therapeutic use
Chemische Substanzen	Integrins ; Immunoglobulin G
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-04-19
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2470-9468
ISSN (online)	2470-9468
DOI	10.1126/sciimmunol.adg7549
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Gut-associated lymphoid tissue attrition associates with response to anti-α4β7 therapy in ulcerative colitis.

Canales-Herrerias, Pablo / Uzzan, Mathieu / Seki, Akihiro / Czepielewski, Rafael S / Verstockt, Bram / Livanos, Alexandra / Raso, Fiona / Dunn, Alexandra / Dai, Daniel / Wang, Andrew / Al-Taie, Zainab / Martin, Jerome / Ko, Huaibin M / Tokuyama, Minami / Tankelevich, Michael / Meringer, Hadar / Cossarini, Francesca / Jha, Divya / Krek, Azra /

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Targeting the α4β7-MAdCAM-1 axis with vedolizumab (VDZ) is a front-line therapeutic paradigm in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, mechanism(s) of action (MOA) of VDZ remain relatively undefined. Here, we examined three distinct cohorts of patients with ... ...

Abstract	Targeting the α4β7-MAdCAM-1 axis with vedolizumab (VDZ) is a front-line therapeutic paradigm in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, mechanism(s) of action (MOA) of VDZ remain relatively undefined. Here, we examined three distinct cohorts of patients with UC (n=83, n=60, and n=21), to determine the effect of VDZ on the mucosal and peripheral immune system. Transcriptomic studies with protein level validation were used to study drug MOA using conventional and transgenic murine models. We found a significant decrease in colonic and ileal naïve B and T cells and circulating gut-homing plasmablasts (β7
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-01-20
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.01.19.524731
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Limited intestinal inflammation despite diarrhea, fecal viral RNA and SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in patients with acute COVID-19.

Britton, Graham J / Chen-Liaw, Alice / Cossarini, Francesca / Livanos, Alexandra E / Spindler, Matthew P / Plitt, Tamar / Eggers, Joseph / Mogno, Ilaria / Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana S / Siu, Sophia / Tankelevich, Michael / Grinspan, Lauren Tal / Dixon, Rebekah E / Jha, Divya / van de Guchte, Adriana / Khan, Zenab / Martinez-Delgado, Gustavo / Amanat, Fatima / Hoagland, Daisy A /

tenOever, Benjamin R / Dubinsky, Marla C / Merad, Miriam / van Bakel, Harm / Krammer, Florian / Bongers, Gerold / Mehandru, Saurabh / Faith, Jeremiah J

Scientific reports

2021 Band 11, Heft 1, Seite(n) 13308

Abstract: Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in COVID-19 patients but the nature of the gut immune response to SARS-CoV-2 remains poorly characterized, partly due to the difficulty of obtaining biopsy specimens from infected individuals. In lieu of tissue ... ...

Abstract	Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in COVID-19 patients but the nature of the gut immune response to SARS-CoV-2 remains poorly characterized, partly due to the difficulty of obtaining biopsy specimens from infected individuals. In lieu of tissue samples, we measured cytokines, inflammatory markers, viral RNA, microbiome composition, and antibody responses in stool samples from a cohort of 44 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool of 41% of patients and more frequently in patients with diarrhea. Patients who survived had lower fecal viral RNA than those who died. Strains isolated from stool and nasopharynx of an individual were the same. Compared to uninfected controls, COVID-19 patients had higher fecal levels of IL-8 and lower levels of fecal IL-10. Stool IL-23 was higher in patients with more severe COVID-19 disease, and we found evidence of intestinal virus-specific IgA responses associated with more severe disease. We provide evidence for an ongoing humeral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the gastrointestinal tract, but little evidence of overt inflammation.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Aged ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/immunology ; Cohort Studies ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Feces/virology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A/blood ; Immunoglobulin A/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharynx/virology ; New York City/epidemiology ; RNA, Viral/isolation & purification ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
Chemische Substanzen	Biomarkers ; Cytokines ; Immunoglobulin A ; RNA, Viral
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-06-25
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-92740-9
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Limited intestinal inflammation despite diarrhea, fecal viral RNA and SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in patients with acute COVID-19.

tenOever, Benjamin R / Dubinsky, Marla C / Merad, Miriam / van Bakel, Harm / Krammer, Florian / Bongers, Gerold / Mehandru, Saurabh / Faith, Jeremiah J

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2020

Abstract: We sought to characterize the role of the gastrointestinal immune system in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory response associated with COVID-19. We measured cytokines, inflammatory markers, viral RNA, microbiome composition and antibody responses in ... ...

Abstract	We sought to characterize the role of the gastrointestinal immune system in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory response associated with COVID-19. We measured cytokines, inflammatory markers, viral RNA, microbiome composition and antibody responses in stool from a cohort of 44 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool of 41% of patients and more frequently in patients with diarrhea. Patients who survived had lower fecal viral RNA than those who died. Strains isolated from stool and nasopharynx of an individual were the same. Compared to uninfected controls, COVID-19 patients had higher fecal levels of IL-8 and lower levels of fecal IL-10. Stool IL-23 was higher in patients with more severe COVID-19 disease, and we found evidence of intestinal virus-specific IgA responses associated with more severe disease. We provide evidence for an ongoing humeral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the gastrointestinal tract, but little evidence of overt inflammation.
Schlagwörter	covid19
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-12-09
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2020.09.03.20183947
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Evolution of Antibody Immunity to SARS-CoV-2.

Gaebler, Christian / Wang, Zijun / Lorenzi, Julio C C / Muecksch, Frauke / Finkin, Shlomo / Tokuyama, Minami / Cho, Alice / Jankovic, Mila / Schaefer-Babajew, Dennis / Oliveira, Thiago Y / Cipolla, Melissa / Viant, Charlotte / Barnes, Christopher O / Hurley, Arlene / Turroja, Martina / Gordon, Kristie / Millard, Katrina G / Ramos, Victor / Schmidt, Fabian /

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2021

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected 78 million individuals and is responsible for over 1.7 million deaths to date. Infection is associated with development of variable levels of antibodies with neutralizing activity ... ...

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected 78 million individuals and is responsible for over 1.7 million deaths to date. Infection is associated with development of variable levels of antibodies with neutralizing activity that can protect against infection in animal models. Antibody levels decrease with time, but the nature and quality of the memory B cells that would be called upon to produce antibodies upon re-infection has not been examined. Here we report on the humoral memory response in a cohort of 87 individuals assessed at 1.3 and 6.2 months after infection. We find that IgM, and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody titers decrease significantly with IgA being less affected. Concurrently, neutralizing activity in plasma decreases by five-fold in pseudotype virus assays. In contrast, the number of RBD-specific memory B cells is unchanged. Memory B cells display clonal turnover after 6.2 months, and the antibodies they express have greater somatic hypermutation, increased potency and resistance to RBD mutations, indicative of continued evolution of the humoral response. Analysis of intestinal biopsies obtained from asymptomatic individuals 4 months after coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) onset, using immunofluorescence, or polymerase chain reaction, revealed persistence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids and immunoreactivity in the small bowel of 7 out of 14 volunteers. We conclude that the memory B cell response to SARS-CoV-2 evolves between 1.3 and 6.2 months after infection in a manner that is consistent with antigen persistence.
Schlagwörter	covid19
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-01-04
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2020.11.03.367391
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Intestinal Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Gastrointestinal Symptoms.

Livanos, Alexandra E / Jha, Divya / Cossarini, Francesca / Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana S / Tokuyama, Minami / Aydillo, Teresa / Parigi, Tommaso L / Ladinsky, Mark S / Ramos, Irene / Dunleavy, Katie / Lee, Brian / Dixon, Rebekah E / Chen, Steven T / Martinez-Delgado, Gustavo / Nagula, Satish / Bruce, Emily A / Ko, Huaibin M / Glicksberg, Benjamin S / Nadkarni, Girish /

Pujadas, Elisabet / Reidy, Jason / Naymagon, Steven / Grinspan, Ari / Ahmad, Jawad / Tankelevich, Michael / Bram, Yaron / Gordon, Ronald / Sharma, Keshav / Houldsworth, Jane / Britton, Graham J / Chen-Liaw, Alice / Spindler, Matthew P / Plitt, Tamar / Wang, Pei / Cerutti, Andrea / Faith, Jeremiah J / Colombel, Jean-Frederic / Kenigsberg, Ephraim / Argmann, Carmen / Merad, Miriam / Gnjatic, Sacha / Harpaz, Noam / Danese, Silvio / Cordon-Cardo, Carlos / Rahman, Adeeb / Schwartz, Robert E / Kumta, Nikhil A / Aghemo, Alessio / Bjorkman, Pamela J / Petralia, Francesca / van Bakel, Harm / Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo / Mehandru, Saurabh

Gastroenterology

2021 Band 160, Heft 7, Seite(n) 2435–2450.e34

Abstract: Background & aims: Given that gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are a prominent extrapulmonary manifestation of COVID-19, we investigated intestinal infection with SARS-CoV-2, its effect on pathogenesis, and clinical significance.: Methods: Human ... ...

Abstract	Background & aims: Given that gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are a prominent extrapulmonary manifestation of COVID-19, we investigated intestinal infection with SARS-CoV-2, its effect on pathogenesis, and clinical significance. Methods: Human intestinal biopsy tissues were obtained from patients with COVID-19 (n = 19) and uninfected control individuals (n = 10) for microscopic examination, cytometry by time of flight analyses, and RNA sequencing. Additionally, disease severity and mortality were examined in patients with and without GI symptoms in 2 large, independent cohorts of hospitalized patients in the United States (N = 634) and Europe (N = 287) using multivariate logistic regressions. Results: COVID-19 case patients and control individuals in the biopsy cohort were comparable for age, sex, rates of hospitalization, and relevant comorbid conditions. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in small intestinal epithelial cells by immunofluorescence staining or electron microscopy in 15 of 17 patients studied. High-dimensional analyses of GI tissues showed low levels of inflammation, including down-regulation of key inflammatory genes including IFNG, CXCL8, CXCL2, and IL1B and reduced frequencies of proinflammatory dendritic cells compared with control individuals. Consistent with these findings, we found a significant reduction in disease severity and mortality in patients presenting with GI symptoms that was independent of sex, age, and comorbid illnesses and despite similar nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral loads. Furthermore, there was reduced levels of key inflammatory proteins in circulation in patients with GI symptoms. Conclusions: These data highlight the absence of a proinflammatory response in the GI tract despite detection of SARS-CoV-2. In parallel, reduced mortality in patients with COVID-19 presenting with GI symptoms was observed. A potential role of the GI tract in attenuating SARS-CoV-2-associated inflammation needs to be further examined.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/mortality ; COVID-19/virology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines/blood ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/immunology ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/mortality ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Inflammation Mediators/blood ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/virology ; Italy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; New York City ; Prognosis ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Viral Load
Chemische Substanzen	Cytokines ; Inflammation Mediators
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-03-04
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	80112-4
ISSN	1528-0012 ; 0016-5085
ISSN (online)	1528-0012
ISSN	0016-5085
DOI	10.1053/j.gastro.2021.02.056
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2.

Gaebler, Christian / Wang, Zijun / Lorenzi, Julio C C / Muecksch, Frauke / Finkin, Shlomo / Tokuyama, Minami / Cho, Alice / Jankovic, Mila / Schaefer-Babajew, Dennis / Oliveira, Thiago Y / Cipolla, Melissa / Viant, Charlotte / Barnes, Christopher O / Bram, Yaron / Breton, Gaëlle / Hägglöf, Thomas / Mendoza, Pilar / Hurley, Arlene / Turroja, Martina /

Nature

2021 Band 591, Heft 7851, Seite(n) 639–644

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected 78 million individuals and is responsible for over 1.7 million deaths to date. Infection is associated with the development of variable levels of antibodies with neutralizing ... ...

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected 78 million individuals and is responsible for over 1.7 million deaths to date. Infection is associated with the development of variable levels of antibodies with neutralizing activity, which can protect against infection in animal models
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/blood ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Antibodies, Viral/genetics ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/chemistry ; Antigens, Viral/genetics ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Biopsy ; COVID-19/blood ; COVID-19/immunology ; Cohort Studies ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immunity, Humoral/genetics ; Immunity, Humoral/immunology ; Immunoglobulin A/immunology ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Immunoglobulin M/immunology ; Immunologic Memory/immunology ; Intestines/immunology ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
Chemische Substanzen	Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antigens, Viral ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-01-18
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/s41586-021-03207-w
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Evolution of Antibody Immunity to SARS-CoV-2

Gaebler, Christian / Wang, Zijun / Lorenzi, Julio C. C. / Muecksch, Frauke / Finkin, Shlomo / Tokuyama, Minami / Ladinsky, Mark / Cho, Alice / Jankovic, Mila / Schaefer-Babajew, Dennis / Oliveira, Thiago Y. / Cipolla, Melissa / Viant, Charlotte / Barnes, Christopher O. / Hurley, Arlene / Turroja, Martina / Gordon, Kristie / Millard, Katrina G. / Ramos, Victor /

Schmidt, Fabian / Weisblum, Yiska / Jha, Divya / Tankelevich, Michael / Yee, Jim / Shimeliovich, Irina / Robbiani, Davide F. / Zhao, Zhen / Gazumyan, Anna / Hatziioannou, Theodora / Bjorkman, Pamela J. / Mehandru, Saurabh / Bieniasz, Paul D. / Caskey, Marina / Nussenzweig, Michel C.

bioRxiv

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 has infected 47 million individuals and is responsible for over 1.2 million deaths to date. Infection is associated with development of variable levels of antibodies with neutralizing activity that can protect against infection in animal ... ...

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2 has infected 47 million individuals and is responsible for over 1.2 million deaths to date. Infection is associated with development of variable levels of antibodies with neutralizing activity that can protect against infection in animal models. Antibody levels decrease with time, but the nature and quality of the memory B cells that would be called upon to produce antibodies upon re-infection has not been examined. Here we report on the humoral memory response in a cohort of 87 individuals assessed at 1.3 and 6.2 months after infection. We find that IgM, and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody titers decrease significantly with IgA being less affected. Concurrently, neutralizing activity in plasma decreases by five-fold in pseudotype virus assays. In contrast, the number of RBD-specific memory B cells is unchanged. Memory B cells display clonal turnover after 6.2 months, and the antibodies they express have greater somatic hypermutation, increased potency and resistance to RBD mutations, indicative of continued evolution of the humoral response. Analysis of intestinal biopsies obtained from asymptomatic individuals 3 months after COVID-19 onset, using immunofluorescence, electron tomography or polymerase chain reaction, revealed persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the small bowel of 7 out of 14 volunteers. We conclude that the memory B cell response to SARS-CoV-2 evolves between 1.3 and 6.2 months after infection in a manner that is consistent with antigen persistence.
Schlagwörter	covid19
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-11-05
Verlag	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2020.11.03.367391
Datenquelle	COVID19

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