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Article ; Online: Future trends for patient-specific dosimetry methodology in molecular radiotherapy.

Gustafsson, Johan / Taprogge, Jan

Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)

2023 Volume 115, Page(s) 103165

Abstract: Molecular radiotherapy is rapidly expanding, and new radiotherapeutics are emerging. The majority of treatments is still performed using empirical fixed activities and not tailored for individual patients. Molecular radiotherapy dosimetry is often seen ... ...

Abstract	Molecular radiotherapy is rapidly expanding, and new radiotherapeutics are emerging. The majority of treatments is still performed using empirical fixed activities and not tailored for individual patients. Molecular radiotherapy dosimetry is often seen as a promising candidate that would allow personalisation of treatments as outcome should ultimately depend on the absorbed doses delivered and not the activities administered. The field of molecular radiotherapy dosimetry has made considerable progress towards the feasibility of routine clinical dosimetry with reasonably accurate absorbed-dose estimates for a range of molecular radiotherapy dosimetry applications. A range of challenges remain with respect to the accurate quantification, assessment of time-integrated activity and absorbed dose estimation. In this review, we summarise a range of technological and methodological advancements, mainly focussed on beta-emitting molecular radiotherapeutics, that aim to improve molecular radiotherapy dosimetry to achieve accurate, reproducible, and streamlined dosimetry. We describe how these new technologies can potentially improve the often time-consuming considered process of dosimetry and provide suggestions as to what further developments might be required.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiometry/methods ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-24
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1122650-x
ISSN	1724-191X ; 1120-1797
ISSN (online)	1724-191X
ISSN	1120-1797
DOI	10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.103165
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Article ; Online: Theoretical aspects on the use of single-time-point dosimetry for radionuclide therapy.

Gustafsson, Johan / Taprogge, Jan

Physics in medicine and biology

2022 Volume 67, Issue 2

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Objective
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Neoplasms ; Radiometry/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208857-5
ISSN	1361-6560 ; 0031-9155
ISSN (online)	1361-6560
ISSN	0031-9155
DOI	10.1088/1361-6560/ac46e0
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Article ; Online: Radiation protection aspects for alpha therapies.

Craig, Allison J / Taprogge, Jan / Flux, Glenn D / Murray, Iain

The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of...

2023 Volume 67, Issue 1, Page(s) 4–13

Abstract: The use of alpha emitting radiotherapeutics is increasing, with further growth expected due to a number of clinical trials currently running involving new alpha emitters. However, literature concerning radiation safety aspects of alpha emitting ... ...

Abstract	The use of alpha emitting radiotherapeutics is increasing, with further growth expected due to a number of clinical trials currently running involving new alpha emitters. However, literature concerning radiation safety aspects of alpha emitting radionuclides is limited and most of the available literature concerns
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Radiation Protection ; Radioisotopes/adverse effects ; Risk Assessment ; Alpha Particles/adverse effects ; Radiation Dosage
Chemical Substances	Radioisotopes
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-12
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1281687-5
ISSN	1827-1936 ; 0392-0208 ; 1125-0135 ; 1824-4661 ; 1824-4785
ISSN (online)	1827-1936
ISSN	0392-0208 ; 1125-0135 ; 1824-4661 ; 1824-4785
DOI	10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03501-4
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Article ; Online: Iodine-131 and Iodine-131-Meta-iodobenzylguanidine Dosimetry in Cancer Therapy.

Flux, Glenn / Leek, Francesca / Gape, Paul / Gear, Jonathan / Taprogge, Jan

Seminars in nuclear medicine

2021 Volume 52, Issue 2, Page(s) 167–177

Abstract: Radioactive iodine was first used for the treatment of benign thyroid disease and thyroid cancer 80 years ago. I-131 mIBG was later developed for the treatment of adult and pediatric neuroendocrine tumors. Physicists were closely involved from the outset ...

Abstract	Radioactive iodine was first used for the treatment of benign thyroid disease and thyroid cancer 80 years ago. I-131 mIBG was later developed for the treatment of adult and pediatric neuroendocrine tumors. Physicists were closely involved from the outset to measure retention, to quantify uptake and to calculate radiation dosimetry. As the treatment became widespread, contrasting treatment regimes were followed, either given with empirically derived fixed levels of activity or guided according to the radiation doses delivered. As for external beam radiotherapy, individualized treatments for both thyroid cancer and neuroendocrine tumors were developed based on the aim of maximizing the radiation doses delivered to target volumes while restricting the radiation doses delivered to organs-at-risk, particularly the bone marrow. The challenge of marrow dosimetry has been met by using surrogate measures, often the blood dose for thyroid treatments and the whole-body dose in the case of treatment of neuroblastoma with I-131 mIBG. A number of studies have sought to establish threshold absorbed doses to ensure therapeutic efficacy. Although different values have been postulated, it has nevertheless been conclusively demonstrated that a fixed activity approach leads to a wide range of absorbed doses delivered to target volumes and to normal organs. Personalized treatment planning is now technically feasible with ongoing multicenter clinical trials and investigations into image quantification, biokinetic modelling and radiobiology.
MeSH term(s)	3-Iodobenzylguanidine/therapeutic use ; Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Radiometry/methods ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Thyroid Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Chemical Substances	Iodine Radioisotopes ; Iodine-131 ; 3-Iodobenzylguanidine (35MRW7B4AD)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	120248-0
ISSN	1558-4623 ; 0001-2998
ISSN (online)	1558-4623
ISSN	0001-2998
DOI	10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.11.002
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Article: Quantification and dosimetry of small volumes including associated uncertainty estimation.

Carnegie-Peake, Lily / Taprogge, Jan / Murray, Iain / Flux, Glenn D / Gear, Jonathan

EJNMMI physics

2022 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 86

Abstract: Background: Accurate quantification of radioactivity in a source of interest relies on accurate registration between SPECT and anatomical images, and appropriate correction of partial volume effects (PVEs). For small volumes, exact registration between ... ...

Abstract	Background: Accurate quantification of radioactivity in a source of interest relies on accurate registration between SPECT and anatomical images, and appropriate correction of partial volume effects (PVEs). For small volumes, exact registration between the two imaging modalities and recovery factors used to correct for PVE are unreliable. There is currently no guidance relating to quantification or the associated uncertainty estimation for small volumes. Material and methods: A method for quantification of small sources of interest is proposed, which uses multiple oversized volumes of interest. The method was applied to three Na[ Results: The method is accurate across a range of activities and in varied radioactivity distributions. Median percentage errors using the proposed method in no background, uniform backgrounds and non-uniform backgrounds were - 0.4%, - 0.3% and 1.7% with median associated uncertainties of 1.4%, 1.4% and 1.6%, respectively. The technique is more accurate and robust when compared to currently available alternative methods. Conclusions: The proposed method provides a reliable and accurate method for quantification of sources of interest, which are less than three times the spatial resolution of the imaging system. The method may be of use in absorbed dose calculation in cases of bone metastasis, lung metastasis or thyroid remnants.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-13
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2768912-8
ISSN	2197-7364
ISSN	2197-7364
DOI	10.1186/s40658-022-00512-9
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Article ; Online: Physics aspects of setting up a multicenter clinical trial involving internal dosimetry of radioiodine treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer.

Taprogge, Jan / Leek, Francesca / Flux, Glenn D

2019 Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 271–277

Abstract: The field of molecular radiotherapy is expanding rapidly, with the advent of many new radiotherapeutics for the treatment of common as well as for rare cancers. Treatment outcome is dependent on the absorbed doses delivered to target volumes and to ... ...

Abstract	The field of molecular radiotherapy is expanding rapidly, with the advent of many new radiotherapeutics for the treatment of common as well as for rare cancers. Treatment outcome is dependent on the absorbed doses delivered to target volumes and to healthy organs-at-risk, which are shown to vary widely from fixed administrations of activity. There have been significant developments in quantitative imaging and internal dosimetry in recent years, although clinical implementation of these methods has been slow in comparison with external beam radiotherapy, partly due to there being relatively few patients treated at single centers. Multicenter clinical trials are therefore essential to acquire the data required to ensure best practice and to develop the personalized treatment planning that this area is well suited to, due to the unrivalled opportunity to image the therapeutic drug in vivo. Initial preparation for such trials requires a significant effort in terms of resources and trial design. Imaging systems in participating centers must be characterized and set up for quantitative imaging to allow for collation of data. Data transfer for centralized processing is usually necessary but is hindered in some cases by data protection regulations and local logistics. Recent multicenter clinical trials involving radioiodine therapy have begun to establish the procedures necessary for quantitative SPECT imaging in a multicenter setting using standard and anthropomorphic phantoms. The establishment of national and international multicenter imaging and dosimetry networks will provide frameworks to develop and harmonize best practice with existing therapeutic procedures and to ensure rapid and optimized clinical implementation of new radiotherapeutics across all centers of excellence that offer molecular radiotherapy. This will promote networks and collaborations that can provide a sound basis for further developments and will ensure that nuclear medicine maintains a key role in future developments.
MeSH term(s)	Clinical Trials as Topic/methods ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use ; Multicenter Studies as Topic/methods ; Radiometry ; Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology ; Thyroid Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Chemical Substances	Iodine Radioisotopes
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-16
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1281687-5
ISSN	1827-1936 ; 0392-0208 ; 1125-0135 ; 1824-4661 ; 1824-4785
ISSN (online)	1827-1936
ISSN	0392-0208 ; 1125-0135 ; 1824-4661 ; 1824-4785
DOI	10.23736/S1824-4785.19.03202-3
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Article ; Online: Adjustment of the iodine ICRP population pharmacokinetic model for the use in thyroid cancer patients after thyroidectomy.

Taprogge, Jan / Carnegie-Peake, Lily / Murray, Iain / Gear, Jonathan I / Flux, Glenn D

Journal of radiological protection : official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection

2021 Volume 41, Issue 4

Abstract: Biokinetic models developed for healthy humans are not appropriate to describe biokinetics in thyroid cancer patients following thyroidectomy. The aim of this study was to adjust the population model for iodine proposed by the International Commission on ...

Abstract	Biokinetic models developed for healthy humans are not appropriate to describe biokinetics in thyroid cancer patients following thyroidectomy. The aim of this study was to adjust the population model for iodine proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for the use in these patients. Rate constants of the ICRP publication 128 model for iodine were adjusted using the population modelling software package Monolix to describe activity retention in whole-body, thyroid, blood and protein-bound iodine observed in 23 patients. The new set of rate constants was compared to the four uptake scenarios proposed in ICRP publication 128. Flow from the inorganic iodide in blood compartment into the first thyroid compartment decreases to 0.15 d
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Iodides ; Iodine ; Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use ; Radiation Protection ; Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery ; Thyroidectomy
Chemical Substances	Iodides ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Iodine (9679TC07X4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639411-5
ISSN	1361-6498 ; 0952-4746
ISSN (online)	1361-6498
ISSN	0952-4746
DOI	10.1088/1361-6498/ac149a
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Article: Characterisation of the attenuation properties of 3D-printed tungsten for use in gamma camera collimation.

Gear, Jonathan I / Taprogge, Jan / White, Owen / Flux, Glenn D

EJNMMI physics

2019 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 1

Abstract: Background: The aim of this work was to characterise the attenuation properties of 3D-printed tungsten and to assess the feasibility for its use in gamma camera collimator manufacture.: Method: 3D-printed tungsten disks were produced using selective ... ...

Abstract	Background: The aim of this work was to characterise the attenuation properties of 3D-printed tungsten and to assess the feasibility for its use in gamma camera collimator manufacture. Method: 3D-printed tungsten disks were produced using selective laser melting (SLM). Measurements of attenuation were made through increasing numbers of disks for a Tc-99m (140 keV) and I-131 (364 keV) source. The technique was validated by repeating the measurements with lead samples. Resolution measurements were also made with a SLM tungsten collimator and compared to Monte Carlo simulations of the experimental setup. Different collimator parameters were simulated and compared against the physical measurements to investigate the effect on image quality. Results: The measured disk thicknesses were on average 20% above the specified disk thicknesses. The measured attenuation for the tungsten samples were lower than the theoretical value determined from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) cross-sectional database (Berger and Hubbell, XCOM: photon cross-sections on a personal computer, 1987). The laser scan strategy had a significant influence on material attenuation (up to 40% difference). Results of these attenuation measurements indicate that the density of the SLM material is lower than the raw tungsten density. However, an improved performance compared to a lead collimator was observed. The SLM tungsten collimator was adequately simulated as 80% density and 110% septal thickness. Scatter and septal penetration were 17% less than a similar lead collimator and 33% greater than tungsten at 100% density. Conclusions: SLM manufacture of tungsten collimators is feasible. Attenuation properties of SLM tungsten are superior to the lead alternative and the opportunity for bespoke collimator design is appealing.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2768912-8
ISSN	2197-7364
ISSN	2197-7364
DOI	10.1186/s40658-018-0238-3
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Article ; Online: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between the Radiation Absorbed Dose to the Thyroid and Response in Patients Treated with Radioiodine for Graves' Disease.

Taprogge, Jan / Gape, Paul M D / Carnegie-Peake, Lily / Murray, Iain / Gear, Jonathan I / Leek, Francesca / Hyer, Steve L / Flux, Glenn D

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association

2021 Volume 31, Issue 12, Page(s) 1829–1838

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
MeSH term(s)	Graves Disease/radiotherapy ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics ; Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Thyroid Gland/radiation effects
Chemical Substances	Iodine Radioisotopes
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	1086044-7
ISSN	1557-9077 ; 1050-7256
ISSN (online)	1557-9077
ISSN	1050-7256
DOI	10.1089/thy.2021.0302
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Article ; Online: Compartmental Model for

Taprogge, Jan / Murray, Iain / Gear, Jonathan / Chittenden, Sarah J / Parker, Christopher C / Flux, Glenn D

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

2019 Volume 105, Issue 4, Page(s) 884–892

Abstract: Purpose: 223: Methods and materials: A compartmental model was developed based on activity retention data from 6 patients (2 treatments of 110 kBq/kg : Results: A single bone compartment cannot accurately describe activity retention in the ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: 223 Methods and materials: A compartmental model was developed based on activity retention data from 6 patients (2 treatments of 110 kBq/kg Results: A single bone compartment cannot accurately describe activity retention in the skeleton. The addition of a second bone compartment improved the fit to skeleton retention data, and the Akaike information criterion decreased. Mean rate constants of 4.0 (range, 1.9-10.9) and 0.15 (0.07-0.39) h Conclusions: The developed compartmental model suggests that
MeSH term(s)	Alpha Particles ; Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage ; Antineoplastic Agents/blood ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Bone Neoplasms/blood ; Bone Neoplasms/metabolism ; Bone Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Bone Neoplasms/secondary ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Humans ; Intestine, Large/metabolism ; Intestine, Small/metabolism ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology ; Radioisotopes/administration & dosage ; Radioisotopes/blood ; Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics ; Radium/administration & dosage ; Radium/blood ; Radium/pharmacokinetics
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents ; Radioisotopes ; radium Ra 223 dichloride (RJ00KV3VTG) ; Radium (W90AYD6R3Q)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial, Phase I ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	197614-x
ISSN	1879-355X ; 0360-3016
ISSN (online)	1879-355X
ISSN	0360-3016
DOI	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.07.022
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