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Article ; Online: Prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy differs by severity of food insecurity among adults living in Canada in 2015.

Hutchinson, Joy M / Tarasuk, Valerie

Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme

2024

Abstract: Household food insecurity is generally associated with poorer quality diets in Canada, but whether household food insecurity heightens the probability of inadequate micronutrient intakes is unknown. The objective of this research was to investigate how ... ...

Abstract	Household food insecurity is generally associated with poorer quality diets in Canada, but whether household food insecurity heightens the probability of inadequate micronutrient intakes is unknown. The objective of this research was to investigate how prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy differed by severity of household food insecurity among adults in Canada. Using the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey Nutrition, this study included participants aged 19-64 years who completed up to two 24 h dietary recalls and provided details about household food insecurity (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-11
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2236708-1
ISSN	1715-5320 ; 1715-5312
ISSN (online)	1715-5320
ISSN	1715-5312
DOI	10.1139/apnm-2023-0614
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Article: Food Insecurity amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Food Charity, Government Assistance, and Employment.

Men, Fei / Tarasuk, Valerie

Canadian public policy. Analyse de politiques

2023 Volume 47, Issue 2, Page(s) 202–230

Abstract: To mitigate the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the federal government has implemented several financial assistance programs, including unprecedented funding to food charities. Using the Canadian Perspectives Survey Series 2, ...

Abstract	To mitigate the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the federal government has implemented several financial assistance programs, including unprecedented funding to food charities. Using the Canadian Perspectives Survey Series 2, we examine the demographic, employment, and behavioural characteristics associated with food insecurity in April-May 2020. We find that one-quarter of job-insecure individuals experienced food insecurity that was strongly associated with pandemic-related disruptions to employment income, major financial hardship, and use of food charity, yet the vast majority of food-insecure households did not report receiving any charitable food assistance. Increased financial support for low-income households would reduce food insecurity and mitigate negative repercussions of the pandemic.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	196490-2
ISSN	0317-0861
ISSN	0317-0861
DOI	10.3138/cpp.2021-001
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Article ; Online: Employment Insurance may mitigate impact of unemployment on food security: Analysis on a propensity-score matched sample from the Canadian Income Survey.

Men, Fei / Tarasuk, Valerie

Preventive medicine

2023 Volume 169, Page(s) 107475

Abstract: Food insecurity, the inadequate access to food due to financial constraints, affects one-sixth of Canadian households, with substantial health implications. We examine the impact of unemployment and the mitigating effect of Employment Insurance (EI) on ... ...

Abstract	Food insecurity, the inadequate access to food due to financial constraints, affects one-sixth of Canadian households, with substantial health implications. We examine the impact of unemployment and the mitigating effect of Employment Insurance (EI) on household food insecurity in Canada. Using the Canadian Income Survey 2018-2019, we sampled 28,650 households with adult workers 18-64 years old. We used propensity score matching to pair the 4085 households with unemployed workers with 3390 households with only continuously employed workers on their propensity towards unemployment. Among unemployed households, we also matched 2195 EI recipients with 950 nonrecipients. We applied adjusted logistic regression to the two matched samples. Food insecurity affected 15.1% of the households without unemployed workers and 24.6% of their unemployed counterparts, including 22.2% of EI recipients and 27.5% of nonrecipients. Unemployment was associated with 48% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-1.66; 5.67 percentage points) higher likelihood of food insecurity. This association was significant and similar across income levels, full-time and part-time workers, and household compositions. EI receipt was associated with 23% (aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66-0.90; 4.02 percentage points) lower likelihood of food insecurity, but this association was only significant among households with lower income, full-time workers, and children under 18. The findings suggest a broad impact of unemployment on working adults' food insecurity and a substantial mitigating effect by EI on select unemployed workers. Making EI more generous and accessible for part-time workers may help alleviate food insecurity.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Unemployment ; Canada ; Propensity Score ; Family Characteristics ; Food Supply ; Income ; Employment ; Insurance ; Food Security
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	184600-0
ISSN	1096-0260 ; 0091-7435
ISSN (online)	1096-0260
ISSN	0091-7435
DOI	10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107475
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Article: Household food insecurity is negatively associated with achievement of prenatal intentions to feed only breast milk in the first six months postpartum.

Francis, Jane / Mildon, Alison / Tarasuk, Valerie / Frank, Lesley

Frontiers in nutrition

2024 Volume 11, Page(s) 1287347

Abstract: Background: Household food insecurity (HFI) has been associated with suboptimal breastfeeding practices. Postpartum factors reported by caregivers include stressful life circumstances and maternal diet quality concerns. It is unknown whether prenatal ... ...

Abstract	Background: Household food insecurity (HFI) has been associated with suboptimal breastfeeding practices. Postpartum factors reported by caregivers include stressful life circumstances and maternal diet quality concerns. It is unknown whether prenatal breast milk feeding intentions, a well-established predictor of breastfeeding outcomes, differ by HFI status. We explored associations between HFI and prenatal intentions to feed any and only breast milk in the first 6 months postpartum, and achievement of these intentions. Methods: We utilized data from self-identified biological mothers with children 6-12 months of age who responded to a retrospective, cross-sectional online infant feeding survey conducted in Nova Scotia, Canada. HFI (yes/no) was assessed using the Household Food Security Survey Module. Prenatal intentions to feed any and only breast milk were assessed based on responses to five options for infant milk feeding plans. Achievement of intentions was assessed by breast milk and formula feeding practices in the first 6 months. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted, adjusting for maternal socio-demographics. Results: Among 459 respondents, 28% reported HFI; 88% intended to feed any breast milk and 77% intended to feed only breast milk, with no difference by HFI status. Of those intending to feed any breast milk, 99% succeeded, precluding further analysis. Among mothers who intended to provide only breast milk, only 51% achieved their intention, with lower odds among those with HFI (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29-0.98). Conclusion: HFI was not associated with intentions for feeding breast milk in the first 6 months postpartum, but mothers with HFI were less likely to achieve their intention to provide only breast milk. Further research is needed to understand the underlying reasons for this and to guide intervention designs to address HFI and help mothers reach their breastfeeding goals.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2776676-7
ISSN	2296-861X
ISSN	2296-861X
DOI	10.3389/fnut.2024.1287347
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Article ; Online: Reconsidering Food Prescription Programs in Relation to Household Food Insecurity.

Tarasuk, Valerie / McIntyre, Lynn

The Journal of nutrition

2022 Volume 152, Issue 11, Page(s) 2315–2316

MeSH term(s)	Socioeconomic Factors ; Poverty ; Food Insecurity ; Food Supply
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	218373-0
ISSN	1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
ISSN (online)	1541-6100
ISSN	0022-3166
DOI	10.1093/jn/nxac175
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Article: The relationship between diet quality and the severity of household food insecurity in Canada

Hutchinson, Joy / Tarasuk, Valerie

Public health nutrition. 2022 Apr., v. 25, no. 4

2022

Abstract: To examine the relationship between the dietary quality of Canadian children and adults and household food insecurity status. Dietary intake was assessed with one 24-h recall. Households were classified as food secure or marginally, moderately or ... ...

Abstract	To examine the relationship between the dietary quality of Canadian children and adults and household food insecurity status. Dietary intake was assessed with one 24-h recall. Households were classified as food secure or marginally, moderately or severely food insecure based on their responses to the Household Food Security Survey Module. We applied multivariable analyses of variance to determine whether % energy from ultra-processed foods, fruit and vegetable intake, Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores, macronutrient composition and micronutrient intakes per 1000 kcal differed by food insecurity status after accounting for income, education and region. Analyses were run separately for children 1–8 years and 9–18 years and men and women 19–64 years of age. Ten provinces in Canada. Respondents to the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition, aged 1–64 years, with complete food insecurity data and non-zero energy intakes, N 15 909. Among adults and children, % energy from ultra-processed foods was strongly related to severity of food insecurity, but no significant trend was observed for fruit and vegetable intake or HEI score. Carbohydrate, total sugar, fat and saturated fat intake/1000 kcal did not differ by food insecurity status, but there was a significant negative trend in protein/1000 kcal among older children, a positive trend in Na/1000 kcal among younger children and inverse associations between food insecurity severity and several micronutrients/1000 kcal among adults and older children. With more severe household food insecurity, ultra-processed food consumption was higher, and diet quality was generally lower among both adults and children.
Keywords	community health ; education ; food consumption ; food quality ; food security ; fruits ; income ; saturated fats ; sugars ; surveys ; variance ; vegetable consumption ; Canada
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Size	p. 1013-1026.
Publishing place	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1436024-x
ISSN	1475-2727 ; 1368-9800
ISSN (online)	1475-2727
ISSN	1368-9800
DOI	10.1017/S1368980021004031
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The relationship between household food insecurity and overweight or obesity among children and adults in Canada: a population-based, propensity score weighting analysis.

Fafard St-Germain, Andrée-Anne / Hutchinson, Joy / Tarasuk, Valerie

Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme

2024 Volume 49, Issue 4, Page(s) 473–486

Abstract: Household food insecurity is independently associated with adverse health outcomes among Canadians, but its association with overweight and obesity is poorly understood partly because of limited attention to confounding. This study assessed the ... ...

Abstract	Household food insecurity is independently associated with adverse health outcomes among Canadians, but its association with overweight and obesity is poorly understood partly because of limited attention to confounding. This study assessed the relationship between food insecurity status and overweight/obesity in Canada. Cross-sectional data for individuals aged 2-64 years were drawn from the 2004 and 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition. Overweight/obesity was defined using body mass index calculated with measured height and weight. Food insecurity status was assessed with the 18-item Household Food Security Survey Module. The relationship was examined among preschool children (
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Female ; Overweight/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Propensity Score ; Canada/epidemiology ; Food Supply ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Food Insecurity ; North American People
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-15
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2236708-1
ISSN	1715-5320 ; 1715-5312
ISSN (online)	1715-5320
ISSN	1715-5312
DOI	10.1139/apnm-2023-0302
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Article ; Online: Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of food insecurity among post-secondary students and non-students of similar age in Canada.

Wang, Yichun / St-Germain, Andrée-Anne Fafard / Tarasuk, Valerie

BMC public health

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 954

Abstract: Background: The results of several recent campus-based studies indicate that over half of post-secondary students in Canada are food insecure, but the vulnerability of this group has not been considered in research on predictors of food insecurity in ... ...

Abstract	Background: The results of several recent campus-based studies indicate that over half of post-secondary students in Canada are food insecure, but the vulnerability of this group has not been considered in research on predictors of food insecurity in the Canadian population. Our objectives were to (1) compare the prevalence of food insecurity among post-secondary students and non-students of similar age; (2) examine the relationship between student status and food insecurity among young adults while accounting for sociodemographic characteristics; and (3) identify the sociodemographic characteristics associated with food insecurity among post-secondary students. Methods: Using data from the 2018 Canadian Income Survey, we identified 11,679 young adults aged 19-30 and classified them into full-time postsecondary students, part-time post-secondary students, and non-students. Food insecurity over the past 12 months was assessed with the 10-item Adult Scale from the Household Food Security Survey Module. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds of food insecurity by student status while accounting for sociodemographic characteristics, and to identify sociodemographic characteristics predictive of food insecurity among post-secondary students. Results: The prevalence of food insecurity was 15.0% among full-time postsecondary students, 16.2% among part-time students, and 19.2% among non-students. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, full-time postsecondary students had 39% lower odds of being food insecure as compared to non-students (aOR 0.61, 95% CI 0.50-0.76). Among postsecondary students, those with children (aOR 1.93, 95%CI 1.10-3.40), those living in rented accommodation (aOR 1.60, 95%CI 1.08-2.37), and those in families reliant on social assistance (aOR 4.32, 95%CI 1.60-11.69) had higher adjusted odds of food insecurity, but having at least a Bachelor's degree appeared protective (aOR: 0.63, 95% CI 0.41-0.95). Every $5000 increase in adjusted after-tax family income was also associated with lower adjusted odds of food insecurity (aOR 0.88, 95%CI 0.84-0.92) among post-secondary students. Conclusions: In this large, population-representative sample, we found that young adults who did not attend post-secondary school were more vulnerable to food insecurity, particularly severe food insecurity, than full-time post-secondary students in Canada. Our results highlight the need for research to identify effective policy interventions to reduce food insecurity among young, working-age adults in general.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Young Adult ; Humans ; Canada/epidemiology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Prevalence ; Food Supply ; Food Insecurity
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-023-15756-y
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Article ; Online: The prevalence and predictors of household food insecurity among adolescents in Canada.

Liu, Ruojun / Urquia, Marcelo L / Tarasuk, Valerie

Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique

2023 Volume 114, Issue 3, Page(s) 453–463

Abstract: Objectives: Household food insecurity is almost four times more prevalent among adolescents than among older adults in Canada, and it adversely affects their health. Our objective was to describe the sociodemographic and geographic patterning of ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Household food insecurity is almost four times more prevalent among adolescents than among older adults in Canada, and it adversely affects their health. Our objective was to describe the sociodemographic and geographic patterning of household food insecurity among adolescents. Methods: Our analytic sample comprised all 12-17-year-old respondents to the 2017-2018 Canadian Community Health Survey with complete data on household food insecurity (n = 8416). We used bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models to identify respondent- and household-level sociodemographic characteristics associated with household food insecurity. Results: The prevalence of household food insecurity among adolescents was 20.7%. The adjusted odds of food insecurity were significantly elevated among adolescents who identified as Black or Indigenous (aOR 1.80), those living with a single parent (aOR 1.60), those living with a greater number of children ≤ 5 years (aOR 1.45) or 12-17 years (aOR 1.25), those in rented accommodation (aOR 1.98), those in households with only secondary school education (aOR 1.38), and those in households reliant on social assistance (aOR 2.03). Higher before-tax income was protective (aOR 0.99). In comparison with Ontario, the adjusted odds of food insecurity among adolescents were higher in Nunavut (aOR 6.77), Northwest Territories (aOR 2.11), and Alberta (aOR 1.48), and lower in Manitoba (aOR 0.66). Conclusion: The markedly higher odds of exposure to household food insecurity among adolescents who are Black or Indigenous and those living in households characterized by markers of social and economic disadvantage highlight the need for more effective policy interventions to protect vulnerable families from this hardship.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Aged ; Canada/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Food Supply ; Income ; Ontario ; Food Insecurity
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	417262-0
ISSN	1920-7476 ; 0008-4263
ISSN (online)	1920-7476
ISSN	0008-4263
DOI	10.17269/s41997-022-00737-2
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Article: The effect of consuming voluntarily fortified food and beverages on usual nutrient intakes in the Canadian population.

Tarasuk, Valerie / Brassard, Didier

Food & nutrition research

2021 Volume 65

Abstract: Background: In Canada, regulatory changes have expanded marketing opportunities for voluntarily fortified products (VFPs), with micronutrient additions permitted at levels well in excess of human requirements.: Objective: To examine how the ... ...

Abstract	Background: In Canada, regulatory changes have expanded marketing opportunities for voluntarily fortified products (VFPs), with micronutrient additions permitted at levels well in excess of human requirements. Objective: To examine how the consumption of VFPs relates to usual nutrient intakes in the Canadian population. Design: The 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey comprises single 24-h dietary intake recalls on a population-representative sample of 20,487 individuals aged 1 year and older, with second recalls on a subset of 7,608. The intake data included 15 food codes denoting VFP (e.g. energy drinks, fortified beverages, cereals, and bars). We assessed VFP consumption and estimated usual intake distributions for riboflavin, niacin, zinc, and vitamins A, B6, B12, and C for VFP consumers and non-consumers 14-50 years old ( Results: Only 2.4% of the population reported any consumption of VFP on the first 24-h recall. VFP consumers were overrepresented in the upper quartile of population intake distributions for niacin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and zinc. The median usual intakes of VFP consumers were 24-111% higher than the median usual intakes of non-consumers, and VFP consumers had significantly lower prevalence of inadequacy for riboflavin and vitamins A, B6, B12, and C. Irrespective of VFP consumption, usual intake distributions reached the ULs for vitamin A and zinc with the addition of supplement intakes. Discussion: Given the limited differentiation of VFP in this survey, we have likely underestimated nutrient exposure levels. Conclusions: VFP consumption was associated with elevated usual nutrient intakes, but we found limited evidence that it protected consumers from nutrient inadequacies or propelled intakes above tolerable upper levels.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-04
Publishing country	Sweden
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2418338-6
ISSN	1654-661X ; 1654-661X ; 1654-6628
ISSN (online)	1654-661X
ISSN	1654-661X ; 1654-6628
DOI	10.29219/fnr.v65.5256
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