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Article ; Online: The potential of Beta variant containing COVID booster vaccines for chasing Omicron in 2022.

Sridhar, Saranya / Chicz, Roman M / Warren, William / Tartaglia, Jim / Savarino, Stephen / Gurunathan, Sanjay / Toussaint, Jean-Francois

Nature communications

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 5794

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/prevention & control ; Humans ; Immunization, Secondary ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccines
Chemical Substances	Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-022-33549-6
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Article: Expansion of the HSV-2-specific T cell repertoire in skin after immunotherapeutic HSV-2 vaccine.

Ford, Emily S / Li, Alvason / Laing, Kerry J / Dong, Lichun / Diem, Kurt / Jing, Lichen / Basu, Krithi / Ott, Mariliis / Tartaglia, Jim / Gurunathan, Sanjay / Reid, Jack L / Ecsedi, Matyas / Chapuis, Aude G / Huang, Meei-Li / Magaret, Amalia S / Johnston, Christine / Zhu, Jia / Koelle, David M / Corey, Lawrence

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2024

Abstract: The skin at the site of HSV-2 reactivation is enriched for HSV-2-specific T cells. To evaluate whether an immunotherapeutic vaccine could elicit skin-based memory T cells, we studied skin biopsies and HSV-2-reactive ... ...

Abstract	The skin at the site of HSV-2 reactivation is enriched for HSV-2-specific T cells. To evaluate whether an immunotherapeutic vaccine could elicit skin-based memory T cells, we studied skin biopsies and HSV-2-reactive CD4
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2022.02.04.22270210
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Article ; Online: Poxvirus vector-based HIV vaccines.

Pantaleo, Giuseppe / Esteban, Mariano / Jacobs, Bertram / Tartaglia, Jim

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

2010 Volume 5, Issue 5, Page(s) 391–396

Abstract: Purpose of review: In this review, we will provide the scientific rationale for the use of poxvirus vectors in the field of HIV vaccines, the immunological profile of the vaccine-induced immune responses, an update on the current use of poxvirus vector- ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: In this review, we will provide the scientific rationale for the use of poxvirus vectors in the field of HIV vaccines, the immunological profile of the vaccine-induced immune responses, an update on the current use of poxvirus vector-based vaccines in HIV vaccine clinical trials, and the development of new modified poxvirus vectors with improved immunological profile. Recent findings: An Ad5-HIV vaccine was tested in a phase IIb clinical trial (known as the Step trial). Vaccinations in the Step trial were discontinued because the vaccine did not show any effect on acquisition of infection and on viral load. After the disappointing failure of the Step trial, the field of HIV vaccine has regained enthusiasm and vigour due to the promising protective effect observed in the phase III efficacy trial (known as RV-144) performed in Thailand which has tested a poxvirus-gp120 combination. Summary: The RV-144 phase III has provided for the first time evidence that an HIV vaccine can prevent HIV infection. The results from the RV-144 trial are providing the scientific rationale for the future development of the HIV vaccine field and for designing future efficacy trials.
MeSH term(s)	AIDS Vaccines/genetics ; AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Genetic Vectors ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/genetics ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; HIV-1/genetics ; HIV-1/immunology ; Humans ; Thailand ; Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; Vaccinia virus/genetics
Chemical Substances	AIDS Vaccines ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; Vaccines, Synthetic
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2502511-9
ISSN	1746-6318 ; 1746-630X
ISSN (online)	1746-6318
ISSN	1746-630X
DOI	10.1097/COH.0b013e32833d1e87
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Article ; Online: The transcription factor CREB1 is a mechanistic driver of immunogenicity and reduced HIV-1 acquisition following ALVAC vaccination.

Nature immunology

2021 Volume 22, Issue 10, Page(s) 1294–1305

Abstract: Development of effective human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) vaccines requires synergy between innate and adaptive immune cells. Here we show that induction of the transcription factor CREB1 and its target genes by the recombinant canarypox vector ... ...

Abstract	Development of effective human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) vaccines requires synergy between innate and adaptive immune cells. Here we show that induction of the transcription factor CREB1 and its target genes by the recombinant canarypox vector ALVAC + Alum augments immunogenicity in non-human primates (NHPs) and predicts reduced HIV-1 acquisition in the RV144 trial. These target genes include those encoding cytokines/chemokines associated with heightened protection from simian immunodeficiency virus challenge in NHPs. Expression of CREB1 target genes probably results from direct cGAMP (STING agonist)-modulated p-CREB1 activity that drives the recruitment of CD4
MeSH term(s)	AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/immunology ; Gene Expression/immunology ; Genetic Vectors/immunology ; HIV Antibodies/immunology ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV-1/immunology ; Humans ; Immunization/methods ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine/immunology ; Primates/immunology ; Primates/virology ; Vaccination/methods ; Viral Vaccines/immunology
Chemical Substances	AIDS Vaccines ; ALVAC vaccine ; Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; HIV Antibodies ; Viral Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2016987-5
ISSN	1529-2916 ; 1529-2908
ISSN (online)	1529-2916
ISSN	1529-2908
DOI	10.1038/s41590-021-01026-9
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Article: Poxvirus-based vaccine candidates for HIV: two decades of experience with special emphasis on canarypox vectors.

Franchini, Genoveffa / Gurunathan, Sanjay / Baglyos, Lynn / Plotkin, Stanley / Tartaglia, Jim

Expert review of vaccines

2004 Volume 3, Issue 4 Suppl, Page(s) S75–88

Abstract: Poxvirus vectors have emerged as important vectors for licensed veterinary vaccines and candidate vaccines for humans. Vaccinia, highly-attenuated vaccinia strains and avipoxviruses have been assessed extensively in preclinical models, as well as in ... ...

Abstract	Poxvirus vectors have emerged as important vectors for licensed veterinary vaccines and candidate vaccines for humans. Vaccinia, highly-attenuated vaccinia strains and avipoxviruses have been assessed extensively in preclinical models, as well as in humans, to determine their immunogenicity and protective efficacy against HIV. The attenuated vaccinia strains and avipoxviruses have been shown to be safe and able to carry HIV genes and express their proteins to induce both antibodies and cellular immune responses. Preclinical studies show protection against HIV challenge. When using a live attenuated vector system, one must be cognizant of the potential for immune dampening because of vector-specific immunity. In this regard, avipoxviruses, such as canarypox, appear free of the inhibitory effects of vector immunity and repeated use. Unlike vaccinia-based vectors derived from classical vaccine strains, NYVAC and modified vaccinia Ankara may be less susceptible to this effect. In the coming 5 to 10 years, we will certainly know whether this class of vaccine candidates, either alone or in a prime-boost format with other vectors or proteins, will contribute to HIV disease management either from a preventive or therapeutic perspective. Additional Phase I and II studies, as well as human efficacy trials will provide new information. Furthermore, it is hoped that this body of data will contribute to a better understanding of the relevance of specific immunogenicity end points to protection and the predictive value of available animal models in HIV vaccine development.
MeSH term(s)	AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage ; AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Avipoxvirus/genetics ; Avipoxvirus/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; HIV/genetics ; HIV/immunology ; HIV Infections/genetics ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; HIV-1/genetics ; HIV-1/immunology ; HIV-2/genetics ; HIV-2/immunology ; Humans ; Reassortant Viruses ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
Chemical Substances	AIDS Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-07-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2181284-6
ISSN	1744-8395 ; 1476-0584
ISSN (online)	1744-8395
ISSN	1476-0584
DOI	10.1586/14760584.3.4.s75
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Zs.A 6077: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Expression of CD40L by the ALVAC-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vector Abrogates T Cell Responses in Macaques.

Silva de Castro, Isabela / Gordon, Shari N / Liu, Jun / Bissa, Massimiliano / McKinnon, Katherine / Trinh, Hung V / Doster, Melvin N / Schifanella, Luca / Liyanage, Namal P / Cao, JinChao / Cheng, Olivia / Foulds, Kathryn / Roederer, Mario / Koup, Richard A / Shen, Xiaoying / Tomaras, Georgia D / Venzon, David J / Forthal, Donald N / Fouts, Timothy /

Montefiori, David C / Tartaglia, Jim / Rao, Mangala / Ostrowski, Mario / Franchini, Genoveffa / Vaccari, Monica

Journal of virology

2020 Volume 94, Issue 6

Abstract: Immunization with recombinant ALVAC/gp120 alum vaccine provided modest protection from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) acquisition in humans and macaques. Vaccine-mediated protection was associated with ...

Abstract	Immunization with recombinant ALVAC/gp120 alum vaccine provided modest protection from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) acquisition in humans and macaques. Vaccine-mediated protection was associated with the elicitation of IgG against the envelope V2 loop and of envelope-specific CD4
MeSH term(s)	AIDS Vaccines/genetics ; AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; CD40 Ligand/genetics ; CD40 Ligand/immunology ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors/genetics ; Genetic Vectors/immunology ; HEK293 Cells ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/genetics ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology ; Humans ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Macaca mulatta ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology ; Viral Vaccines/genetics ; Viral Vaccines/immunology
Chemical Substances	AIDS Vaccines ; ALVAC vaccine ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; Viral Vaccines ; gp120 protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1 ; CD40 Ligand (147205-72-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	80174-4
ISSN	1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
ISSN	0022-538X
DOI	10.1128/JVI.01933-19
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Article ; Online: DNA/NYVAC vaccine regimen induces HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses in intestinal mucosa.

Perreau, Matthieu / Welles, Hugh C / Harari, Alexandre / Hall, Olivia / Martin, Ricardo / Maillard, Michel / Dorta, Gian / Bart, Pierre-Alexandre / Kremer, Eric J / Tartaglia, Jim / Wagner, Ralf / Esteban, Mariano / Levy, Yves / Pantaleo, Giuseppe

Journal of virology

2011 Volume 85, Issue 19, Page(s) 9854–9862

Abstract: In the present study, we have investigated the anatomic distribution in blood and gut mucosal tissues of memory poxvirus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in subjects vaccinated with smallpox and compared it with vector (NYVAC)-specific and HIV insert- ... ...

Abstract	In the present study, we have investigated the anatomic distribution in blood and gut mucosal tissues of memory poxvirus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in subjects vaccinated with smallpox and compared it with vector (NYVAC)-specific and HIV insert-specific T-cell responses induced by an experimental DNA-C/ NYVAC-C vaccine regimen. Smallpox-specific CD4 T-cell responses were present in the blood of 52% of the subjects studied, while smallpox-specific CD8 T cells were rarely detected (12%). With one exception, smallpox-specific T cells were not measurable in gut tissues. Interestingly, NYVAC vector-specific and HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses were detected in almost 100% of the subjects immunized with DNA-C/NYVAC-C in blood and gut tissues. The large majority (83%) of NYVAC-specific CD4 T cells expressed α4β7 integrins and the HIV coreceptor CCR5. These results demonstrate that the experimental DNA-C/NYVAC-C HIV vaccine regimen induces the homing of potentially protective HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in the gut, the port of entry of HIV and one of the major sites for HIV spreading and the depletion of CD4 T cells.
MeSH term(s)	AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage ; AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Adult ; Blood/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology ; Middle Aged ; Smallpox Vaccine/administration & dosage ; Smallpox Vaccine/immunology ; Vaccination/methods ; Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage ; Vaccines, DNA/immunology ; Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Viral Vaccines/immunology
Chemical Substances	AIDS Vaccines ; NYVAC vaccine ; Smallpox Vaccine ; Vaccines, DNA ; Viral Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-07-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80174-4
ISSN	1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
ISSN	0022-538X
DOI	10.1128/JVI.00788-11
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Article ; Online: Pentavalent HIV-1 vaccine protects against simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenge.

Bradley, Todd / Pollara, Justin / Santra, Sampa / Vandergrift, Nathan / Pittala, Srivamshi / Bailey-Kellogg, Chris / Shen, Xiaoying / Parks, Robert / Goodman, Derrick / Eaton, Amanda / Balachandran, Harikrishnan / Mach, Linh V / Saunders, Kevin O / Weiner, Joshua A / Scearce, Richard / Sutherland, Laura L / Phogat, Sanjay / Tartaglia, Jim / Reed, Steven G /

Hu, Shiu-Lok / Theis, James F / Pinter, Abraham / Montefiori, David C / Kepler, Thomas B / Peachman, Kristina K / Rao, Mangala / Michael, Nelson L / Suscovich, Todd J / Alter, Galit / Ackerman, Margaret E / Moody, M Anthony / Liao, Hua-Xin / Tomaras, Georgia / Ferrari, Guido / Korber, Bette T / Haynes, Barton F

Nature communications

2017 Volume 8, Page(s) 15711

Abstract: The RV144 Thai trial HIV-1 vaccine of recombinant poxvirus (ALVAC) and recombinant HIV-1 gp120 subtype B/subtype E (B/E) proteins demonstrated 31% vaccine efficacy. Here we design an ALVAC/Pentavalent B/E/E/E/E vaccine to increase the diversity of gp120 ... ...

Abstract	The RV144 Thai trial HIV-1 vaccine of recombinant poxvirus (ALVAC) and recombinant HIV-1 gp120 subtype B/subtype E (B/E) proteins demonstrated 31% vaccine efficacy. Here we design an ALVAC/Pentavalent B/E/E/E/E vaccine to increase the diversity of gp120 motifs in the immunogen to elicit a broader antibody response and enhance protection. We find that immunization of rhesus macaques with the pentavalent vaccine results in protection of 55% of pentavalent-vaccine-immunized macaques from simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge. Systems serology of the antibody responses identifies plasma antibody binding to HIV-infected cells, peak ADCC antibody titres, NK cell-mediated ADCC and antibody-mediated activation of MIP-1β in NK cells as the four immunological parameters that best predict decreased infection risk that are improved by the pentavalent vaccine. Thus inclusion of additional gp120 immunogens to a pox-prime/protein boost regimen can augment antibody responses and enhance protection from a SHIV challenge in rhesus macaques.
MeSH term(s)	AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Complement System Proteins/immunology ; Epitopes/immunology ; Female ; HIV Antibodies/immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/cytology ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Mutation ; Neutralization Tests ; Phagocytosis ; Phylogeny ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; Regression Analysis ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
Chemical Substances	AIDS Vaccines ; Epitopes ; HIV Antibodies ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; Recombinant Proteins ; Complement System Proteins (9007-36-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/ncomms15711
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Article ; Online: HIV/AIDS Vaccine Candidates Based on Replication-Competent Recombinant Poxvirus NYVAC-C-KC Expressing Trimeric gp140 and Gag-Derived Virus-Like Particles or Lacking the Viral Molecule B19 That Inhibits Type I Interferon Activate Relevant HIV-1-Specific B and T Cell Immune Functions in Nonhuman Primates.

García-Arriaza, Juan / Perdiguero, Beatriz / Heeney, Jonathan L / Seaman, Michael S / Montefiori, David C / Yates, Nicole L / Tomaras, Georgia D / Ferrari, Guido / Foulds, Kathryn E / Roederer, Mario / Self, Steven G / Borate, Bhavesh / Gottardo, Raphael / Phogat, Sanjay / Tartaglia, Jim / Barnett, Susan W / Burke, Brian / Cristillo, Anthony D / Weiss, Deborah E /

Lee, Carter / Kibler, Karen V / Jacobs, Bertram L / Wagner, Ralf / Ding, Song / Pantaleo, Giuseppe / Esteban, Mariano

Journal of virology

2017 Volume 91, Issue 9

Abstract: The nonreplicating attenuated poxvirus vector NYVAC expressing clade C(CN54) HIV-1 Env(gp120) and Gag-Pol-Nef antigens (NYVAC-C) showed limited immunogenicity in phase I clinical trials. To enhance the capacity of the NYVAC vector to trigger broad ... ...

Abstract	The nonreplicating attenuated poxvirus vector NYVAC expressing clade C(CN54) HIV-1 Env(gp120) and Gag-Pol-Nef antigens (NYVAC-C) showed limited immunogenicity in phase I clinical trials. To enhance the capacity of the NYVAC vector to trigger broad humoral responses and a more balanced activation of CD4
MeSH term(s)	AIDS Vaccines/genetics ; AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; HIV Antibodies/blood ; HIV Antibodies/immunology ; HIV Antigens/immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Interferon Type I/genetics ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Receptors, Interferon/genetics ; Receptors, Interferon/immunology ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology ; Vaccinia virus/genetics ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/metabolism
Chemical Substances	AIDS Vaccines ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; HIV Antibodies ; HIV Antigens ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; Interferon Type I ; NYVAC-C vaccine ; Receptors, Interferon ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; gp140 envelope protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80174-4
ISSN	1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
ISSN	0022-538X
DOI	10.1128/JVI.02182-16
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Article: Enhanced multiepitope-based vaccines elicit CD8+ cytotoxic T cells against both immunodominant and cryptic epitopes.

Tine, John A / Firat, Huseyin / Payne, Anne / Russo, Guy / Davis, Stephen W / Tartaglia, Jim / Lemonnier, François A / Demoyen, Pierre Langlade / Moingeon, Philippe

Vaccine

2005 Volume 23, Issue 8, Page(s) 1085–1091

Abstract: A frequent issue in vaccinology is to elicit balanced T cell responses against both immunodominant and cryptic T cell epitopes, from one or several antigens presented at the same time to the immune system. Using HLA-A2.1.1 restricted epitopes from the ... ...

Abstract	A frequent issue in vaccinology is to elicit balanced T cell responses against both immunodominant and cryptic T cell epitopes, from one or several antigens presented at the same time to the immune system. Using HLA-A2.1.1 restricted epitopes from the Melan A/MART-1 or gp 100 melanoma-associated antigens as a model, we engineered a series of constructs in the ALVAC canarypox vector system: T cell epitopes were expressed either as linear polyepitopes (with or without spacers), or as minigenes encoding a single epitope. The latter were found to allow the best processing and presentation of most T cell epitopes, following infection by ALVAC recombinants of the HLA A2+ bladder carcinoma cell line and stimulation of epitope-specific human TIL lines. These various constructs were also used to immunize HLA-A2.1.1 HHD transgenic mice to compare their capacity to elicit T cells responses. Polyepitopes but also minigenes encoding wild-type epitopes could not elicit in a reliable manner balanced CTL responses against all target epitopes from gp100. We could rescue T cells responses against poorly immunogenic epitopes after introducing appropriate point mutations to enhance their interaction with MHC Class I molecules. Epitope enhancement within either polyepitope, multiepitopes (i.e. minigenes expressed under the control of separate promoters) or full length immunogens should be systematically considered when designing vaccines containing both cryptic and immunodominant target epitopes.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antigen Presentation/genetics ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; Cancer Vaccines/genetics ; Cancer Vaccines/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics ; Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology ; MART-1 Antigen ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
Chemical Substances	Antigens, Neoplasm ; Cancer Vaccines ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ; Immunodominant Epitopes ; MART-1 Antigen ; MLANA protein, human ; Mlana protein, mouse ; Neoplasm Proteins ; Vaccines, Synthetic
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-01-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.01.001
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