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Article ; Online: Coliphages as indicators of primary wastewater treatment efficiency by constructed wetlands

Gisela Hernandez-Rivera / Tasha M. Santiago-Rodriguez / Gary A. Toranzos

Journal of Water and Health, Vol 21, Iss 3, Pp 409-

2023 Volume 416

Abstract: Constructed wetlands are an efficient and cost-effective system for the treatment of wastewater that can be reused for diverse purposes, including irrigation; however, few studies have determined the efficiency of microbial removal by constructed ... ...

Abstract	Constructed wetlands are an efficient and cost-effective system for the treatment of wastewater that can be reused for diverse purposes, including irrigation; however, few studies have determined the efficiency of microbial removal by constructed wetlands in tropical regions. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the microbial quality of the influent and effluent of a constructed wetland in Puerto Rico, using traditional bacterial indicators (i.e., thermotolerant coliforms and enterococci), as well as somatic and male-specific (F+) coliphages. Results showed that over 99.9 and 97.7% of thermotolerant coliforms and enterococci were removed after treatment by constructed wetlands, respectively. Notably, approximately 84.0% of male-specific (F+) coliphages were removed, while somatic and total coliphages exhibited differing removal percentages at different steps during treatment by constructed wetlands. The potential risk of the presence of enteric viruses in treated wastewater by constructed wetlands may increase when considering traditional bacterial indicators exclusively. The present study may aid in the efforts to determine public health concerns associated with the exposure of bioaerosols resulting from wastewater treatment by constructed wetlands. HIGHLIGHTS Microbial removal efficiency by constructed wetlands in tropical regions remains largely unexplored.; Coliphages were tested as indicators of microbial removal efficiency by a constructed wetland in Puerto Rico.; Approximately 84.0% of male-specific (F+) coliphages were removed.; The present study aids to determine the effectiveness of coliphages as indicators of wastewater treatment by constructed wetlands.;
Keywords	coliphages ; constructed wetlands ; enterococci ; thermotolerant coliforms ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	001
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	IWA Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: MULTI-OMICS as Invaluable Tools for the Elucidation of Host–Microbe–Microbiota Interactions

Gary A. Toranzos / Tasha M. Santiago-Rodriguez

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 13303, p

2022 Volume 13303

Abstract: Omics” is becoming an increasingly recognizable term, even to the general public, as it is used more and more often in everyday scientific research [.] ...

Abstract	“Omics” is becoming an increasingly recognizable term, even to the general public, as it is used more and more often in everyday scientific research [.]
Keywords	n/a ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Multiomics and Health

Gary A. Toranzos / Tasha M. Santiago-Rodriguez

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 10786, p

A Holistic Approach to Better Understand the Role of the Microbiome

2021 Volume 10786

Abstract: The present Special Issue focuses on the latest approaches to health and public health microbiology using multiomics [.] ...

Abstract	The present Special Issue focuses on the latest approaches to health and public health microbiology using multiomics [.]
Keywords	n/a ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Mycobiome-Host Coevolution? The Mycobiome of Ancestral Human Populations Seems to Be Different and Less Diverse Than Those of Extant Native and Urban-Industrialized Populations

Jelissa Reynoso-García / Yvonne Narganes-Storde / Tasha M. Santiago-Rodriguez / Gary A. Toranzos

Microorganisms, Vol 10, Iss 459, p

2022 Volume 459

Abstract: Few data exist on the human gut mycobiome in relation to lifestyle, ethnicity, and dietary habits. To understand the effect of these factors on the structure of the human gut mycobiome, we analyzed sequences belonging to two extinct pre-Columbian ... ...

Abstract	Few data exist on the human gut mycobiome in relation to lifestyle, ethnicity, and dietary habits. To understand the effect of these factors on the structure of the human gut mycobiome, we analyzed sequences belonging to two extinct pre-Columbian cultures inhabiting Puerto Rico (the Huecoid and Saladoid) and compared them to coprolite samples found in Mexico and Ötzi, the Iceman’s large intestine. Stool mycobiome samples from extant populations in Peru and urban cultures from the United States were also included. The ancient Puerto Rican cultures exhibited a lower fungal diversity in comparison to the extant populations. Dissimilarity distances showed that the Huecoid gut mycobiome resembled that from ancient Mexico. Fungal genera including Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Rasamsonia spp., Byssochlamys spp., Talaromyces spp., Blastomyces spp., Monascus spp., and Penicilliopsis spp. were differentially abundant in the ancient and extant populations. Despite cultural differences, certain fungal taxa were present in all samples. These results suggest that culture and diet may impact the gut mycobiome and emphasize that modern lifestyles could be associated with the alteration of gut mycobiome diversity. The present study presents data on ancient and extant human gut mycobiomes in terms of lifestyle, ethnicity, and diet in the Americas.
Keywords	ancient DNA ; ancient mycobiome ; paleomicrobiology ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	930 ; 590
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Edible flora in pre-Columbian Caribbean coprolites

Jelissa Reynoso-García / Tasha M Santiago-Rodriguez / Yvonne Narganes-Storde / Raul J Cano / Gary A Toranzos

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 10, p e

Expected and unexpected data.

2023 Volume 0292077

Abstract: Coprolites, or mummified feces, are valuable sources of information on ancient cultures as they contain ancient DNA (aDNA). In this study, we analyzed ancient plant DNA isolated from coprolites belonging to two pre-Columbian cultures (Huecoid and ... ...

Abstract	Coprolites, or mummified feces, are valuable sources of information on ancient cultures as they contain ancient DNA (aDNA). In this study, we analyzed ancient plant DNA isolated from coprolites belonging to two pre-Columbian cultures (Huecoid and Saladoid) from Vieques, Puerto Rico, using shotgun metagenomic sequencing to reconstruct diet and lifestyles. We also analyzed DNA sequences of putative phytopathogenic fungi, likely ingested during food consumption, to further support dietary habits. Our findings show that pre-Columbian Caribbean cultures had a diverse diet consisting of maize (Zea mays), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), chili peppers (Capsicum annuum), peanuts (Arachis spp.), papaya (Carica papaya), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and, very surprisingly cotton (Gossypium barbadense) and tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris). Modelling of putative phytopathogenic fungi and plant interactions confirmed the potential consumption of these plants as well as edible fungi, particularly Ustilago spp., which suggest the consumption of maize and huitlacoche. These findings suggest that a variety of dietary, medicinal, and hallucinogenic plants likely played an important role in ancient human subsistence and societal customs. We compared our results with coprolites found in Mexico and the United States, as well as present-day faeces from Mexico, Peru, and the United States. The results suggest that the diet of pre-Columbian cultures resembled that of present-day hunter-gatherers, while agriculturalists exhibited a transitional state in dietary lifestyles between the pre-Columbian cultures and larger scale farmers and United States individuals. Our study highlights differences in dietary patterns related to human lifestyles and provides insight into the flora present in the pre-Columbian Caribbean area. Importantly, data from ancient fecal specimens demonstrate the importance of ancient DNA studies to better understand pre-Columbian populations.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Fresh Food Consumption Increases Microbiome Diversity and Promotes Changes in Bacteria Composition on the Skin of Pet Dogs Compared to Dry Foods

Kennedy Leverett / Rodrigo Manjarín / Erica Laird / Diana Valtierra / Tasha M. Santiago-Rodriguez / Renan Donadelli / Gerardo Perez-Camargo

Animals, Vol 12, Iss 15, p

2022 Volume 1881

Abstract: The skin is the first barrier the body has to protect itself from the environment. There are several bacteria that populate the skin, and their composition may change throughout the dog’s life due to several factors, such as environmental changes and ... ...

Abstract	The skin is the first barrier the body has to protect itself from the environment. There are several bacteria that populate the skin, and their composition may change throughout the dog’s life due to several factors, such as environmental changes and diseases. The objective of this research was to determine the skin microbiome changes due to a change in diet on healthy pet dogs. Healthy client-owned dogs (8) were fed a fresh diet for 30 days then dry foods for another 30 days after a 4-day transition period. Skin bacterial population samples were collected after each 30-day feeding period and compared to determine microbiome diversity. Alpha diversity was higher when dogs were fed the fresh diet compared to the dry foods. Additionally, feeding fresh food to dogs increased the proportion of Staphylococcus and decreased Porphyromonas and Corynebacterium . In conclusion, changing from fresh diet to dry foods promoted a relative decrease in skin microbiome in healthy pet dogs.
Keywords	canine ; microbiome diversity ; pet food ; skin bacteria populations ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Tetracycline-like resistome of ancient human guts

Tasha M. Santiago-Rodriguez / Gino Fornaciari / Stefania Luciani / Gary A. Toranzos / Isolina Marota / Valentina Giuffra / Naseer Sangwan / Raul J. Cano

Human Microbiome Journal, Vol 10, Iss , Pp 21-

2018 Volume 26

Abstract: Tetracyclines were discovered over 70 years ago and their use resulted in the emergence of tetracycline-resistance microorganisms; however, it has been hypothesized that tetracycline-resistance may have originated in the environment, and that ... ...

Abstract	Tetracyclines were discovered over 70 years ago and their use resulted in the emergence of tetracycline-resistance microorganisms; however, it has been hypothesized that tetracycline-resistance may have originated in the environment, and that determinants were transferred to the human gut microbiota. Ancient microbiomes represent an opportunity to explore the transmission of tetracycline-resistance determinants from the environment to humans. In the present study, tetracycline-like resistomes of three pre-Inca/Inca (10–15th centuries), and five Italian nobility (15–16th centuries) mummies were characterized using high-throughput sequencing. Sequences exhibited low homology to present-day determinants. Results may aid in the understanding of the evolution of tetracycline-resistance. Keywords: Ancient microbiome, Gut microbiome, Mummies, Resistome, Tetracycline-resistance
Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Microbiology ; QR1-502
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Bacteriophage and their potential roles in the human oral cavity

Anna Edlund / Tasha M. Santiago-Rodriguez / Tobias K. Boehm / David T. Pride

Journal of Oral Microbiology, Vol 7, Iss 0, Pp 1-

2015 Volume 12

Abstract: The human oral cavity provides the perfect portal of entry for viruses and bacteria in the environment to access new hosts. Hence, the oral cavity is one of the most densely populated habitats of the human body containing some 6 billion bacteria and ... ...

Abstract	The human oral cavity provides the perfect portal of entry for viruses and bacteria in the environment to access new hosts. Hence, the oral cavity is one of the most densely populated habitats of the human body containing some 6 billion bacteria and potentially 35 times that many viruses. The role of these viral communities remains unclear; however, many are bacteriophage that may have active roles in shaping the ecology of oral bacterial communities. Other implications for the presence of such vast oral phage communities include accelerating the molecular diversity of their bacterial hosts as both host and phage mutate to gain evolutionary advantages. Additional roles include the acquisitions of new gene functions through lysogenic conversions that may provide selective advantages to host bacteria in response to antibiotics or other types of disturbances, and protection of the human host from invading pathogens by binding to and preventing pathogens from crossing oral mucosal barriers. Recent evidence suggests that phage may be more involved in periodontal diseases than were previously thought, as their compositions in the subgingival crevice in moderate to severe periodontitis are known to be significantly altered. However, it is unclear to what extent they contribute to dysbiosis or the transition of the microbial community into a state promoting oral disease. Bacteriophage communities are distinct in saliva compared to sub- and supragingival areas, suggesting that different oral biogeographic niches have unique phage ecology shaping their bacterial biota. In this review, we summarize what is known about phage communities in the oral cavity, the possible contributions of phage in shaping oral bacterial ecology, and the risks to public health oral phage may pose through their potential to spread antibiotic resistance gene functions to close contacts.
Keywords	bacteriophage ; virus ; microbiome ; virome ; metagenome ; oral microbiome ; Microbiology ; QR1-502 ; Science ; Q
Subject code	941
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Co-Action Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effects of Long Term Antibiotic Therapy on Human Oral and Fecal Viromes.

Shira R Abeles / Melissa Ly / Tasha M Santiago-Rodriguez / David T Pride

PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 8, p e

2015 Volume 0134941

Abstract: Viruses are integral members of the human microbiome. Many of the viruses comprising the human virome have been identified as bacteriophage, and little is known about how they respond to perturbations within the human ecosystem. The intimate association ... ...

Abstract	Viruses are integral members of the human microbiome. Many of the viruses comprising the human virome have been identified as bacteriophage, and little is known about how they respond to perturbations within the human ecosystem. The intimate association of phage with their cellular hosts suggests their communities may change in response to shifts in bacterial community membership. Alterations to human bacterial biota can result in human disease including a reduction in the host's resilience to pathogens. Here we report the ecology of oral and fecal viral communities and their responses to long-term antibiotic therapy in a cohort of human subjects. We found significant differences between the viral communities of each body site with a more heterogeneous fecal virus community compared with viruses in saliva. We measured the relative diversity of viruses, and found that the oral viromes were significantly more diverse than fecal viromes. There were characteristic changes in the membership of oral and fecal bacterial communities in response to antibiotics, but changes in fecal viral communities were less distinguishing. In the oral cavity, an abundance of papillomaviruses found in subjects on antibiotics suggests an association between antibiotics and papillomavirus production. Despite the abundance of papillomaviruses identified, in neither the oral nor the fecal viromes did antibiotic therapy have any significant impact upon overall viral diversity. There was, however, an apparent expansion of the reservoir of genes putatively involved in resistance to numerous classes of antibiotics in fecal viromes that was not paralleled in oral viromes. The emergence of antibiotic resistance in fecal viromes in response to long-term antibiotic therapy in humans suggests that viruses play an important role in the resilience of human microbial communities to antibiotic disturbances.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Insights of the dental calculi microbiome of pre-Columbian inhabitants from Puerto Rico

Tasha M. Santiago-Rodriguez / Yvonne Narganes-Storde / Luis Chanlatte-Baik / Gary A. Toranzos / Raul J. Cano

PeerJ, Vol 5, p e

2017 Volume 3277

Abstract: Background The study of ancient microorganisms in mineralized dental plaque or calculi is providing insights into microbial evolution, as well as lifestyles and disease states of extinct cultures; yet, little is still known about the oral microbial ... ...

Abstract	Background The study of ancient microorganisms in mineralized dental plaque or calculi is providing insights into microbial evolution, as well as lifestyles and disease states of extinct cultures; yet, little is still known about the oral microbial community structure and function of pre-Columbian Caribbean cultures. In the present study, we investigated the dental calculi microbiome and predicted function of one of these cultures, known as the Saladoid. The Saladoids were horticulturalists that emphasized root-crop production. Fruits, as well as small marine and terrestrial animals were also part of the Saladoid diet. Methods Dental calculi samples were recovered from the archaeological site of Sorcé, in the municipal island of Vieques, Puerto Rico, characterized using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, and compared to the microbiome of previously characterized coprolites of the same culture, as well modern plaque, saliva and stool microbiomes available from the Human Microbiome Project. Results Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes comprised the majority of the Saladoid dental calculi microbiome. The Saladoid dental calculi microbiome was distinct when compared to those of modern saliva and dental plaque, but showed the presence of common inhabitants of modern oral cavities including Streptococcus sp., Veillonella dispar and Rothia mucilaginosa. Cell motility, signal transduction and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites may be unique features of the Saladoid microbiome. Discussion Results suggest that the Saladoid dental calculi microbiome structure and function may possibly reflect a horticulturalist lifestyle and distinct dietary habits. Results also open the opportunity to further elucidate oral disease states in extinct Caribbean cultures and extinct indigenous cultures with similar lifestyles.
Keywords	Ancient microbiomes ; Bacteria ; Saladoid ; Oral microbiome ; Dental plaque ; pre-Columbian cultures ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	930
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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