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Article ; Online: Assessing cassava breeding clones in two agroecologies in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Sikirou, M. / Mwangu, K.M. / Kayondo, S.I. / Agre, A.P. / Tata-Hangy, W. / Bakelana, T. / Adetoro, N.A.

Revue Ivoirienne des Sciences et Technologie

2023

Abstract: Breeding is the most economical approach for controlling production constraints in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) smallholder farms. This study aims at assessing the performances of elite cassava clones in the province of Kwilu, Democratic Republic ... ...

Abstract	Breeding is the most economical approach for controlling production constraints in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) smallholder farms. This study aims at assessing the performances of elite cassava clones in the province of Kwilu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Three sets of trials were established using an alpha lattice and a randomized complete block designs in two contrasting locations, upland savanna and valley forest agroecologies. Eleven traits were used in phenotyping the cassava clones along with two checks varieties (local cultivar Biele and improved variety OBAMA). High heritability was recorded for the traits and it ranged from 0.52 to 0.75 except for yield (0.45). They are significant differences between the tested clones and the improved variety OBAMA. Overall, the Best Linear Unbiased Estimates (BLUEs) used for weighing in the selection index led to two candidate clones, KYK2016-048 and KYK2015-04 that outperformed both checks, Obama and Biele in this study and they could be potential candidates for variety replacement.
Keywords	breeding ; democratic republic of the congo ; cassava ; manihot esculenta ; savannas ; forests ; yields
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-14T10:05:51Z
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Expansion of the Cassava Brown Streak Disease Epidemic in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.

Casinga, C M / Shirima, R R / Mahungu, N M / Tata-Hangy, W / Bashizi, K B / Munyerenkana, C M / Ughento, H / Enene, J / Sikirou, M / Dhed'a, B / Monde, G / Kumar, P L / Legg, J P

Plant disease

2021 Volume 105, Issue 8, Page(s) 2177–2188

Abstract: Cassava plays a key role in ensuring food security and generating income for smallholder farmers throughout Central Africa, particularly in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This status is threatened, however, by cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), ...

Abstract	Cassava plays a key role in ensuring food security and generating income for smallholder farmers throughout Central Africa, particularly in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This status is threatened, however, by cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), which has expanded its incidence and range in eastern DRC. The study described here comprises the first extensive assessment of temporal change in the occurrence of CBSD and its causal viruses in DRC, based on surveys conducted during 2016 and 2018. Cassava fields were inspected in Ituri, Nord-Kivu, Sud-Kivu, Tanganyika, and Haut-Katanga provinces within eastern DRC to record foliar incidence and severity of CBSD. Leaf samples were collected for virus detection and species-level identification. New occurrences of CBSD, confirmed by virus diagnostic tests, were recorded in two provinces (Haut-Katanga and Sud-Kivu) and nine previously unaffected territories, covering an area of >62,000 km
MeSH term(s)	Africa, Central ; Democratic Republic of the Congo/epidemiology ; Manihot ; Plant Diseases ; Plant Leaves
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	754182-x
ISSN	0191-2917
ISSN	0191-2917
DOI	10.1094/PDIS-05-20-1135-RE
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Article ; Online: Screening cassava for time of maturity to respond to various market needs: Case study in African sub-tropical zones.

Nzola, Mahungu / Ndonda, Adrien / Bidiaka, Sylvain / Gwanyebit Kehbila, Anderson / Tata-Hangy, Willy / Tambu, Evariste / Binzunga, Mamy

Journal of the science of food and agriculture

2021 Volume 102, Issue 8, Page(s) 3169–3178

Abstract: Background: Cassava evaluation trials are mostly harvested at 12 months after planting (MAP) irrespective of their actual maturity date, which includes the maximum accumulation of dry matter in tuberous roots. Depending on the market needs, some ... ...

Abstract	Background: Cassava evaluation trials are mostly harvested at 12 months after planting (MAP) irrespective of their actual maturity date, which includes the maximum accumulation of dry matter in tuberous roots. Depending on the market needs, some producers prefer to keep their crops up to 24 MAP and harvest sequentially when needed. Such varieties should mature early at 12 MAP and maintain or enhance their root dry matter rather than losing it. A modified breeding scheme has been suggested to evaluate selected lines from 12 to 24 MAP. In a harvest scheme such as this, many of the improved varieties lose their dry yield as starch is converted to sugar. Hence the breeding program in DR Congo started screening both early and late bulking varieties to identify those that can bulk early and keep their economically profitable dry root yield until late in the growing cycle. Six varieties and one local variety were subjected to several harvest dates ranging from 9 to 24 MAP. Results: In general, the best harvests occurred at 15 MAP. Variety Zizila continued to increase its dry root yield from 15 t ha Conclusion: By assessing early generation populations in the clonal trials, study results revealed that breeders may lose around 15% of superior clones with good dry root yield from 12 to 24 MAP when limiting the selection at 12 MAP. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
MeSH term(s)	Agriculture/methods ; Crops, Agricultural ; Manihot ; Plant Breeding ; Starch
Chemical Substances	Starch (9005-25-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184116-6
ISSN	1097-0010 ; 0022-5142
ISSN (online)	1097-0010
ISSN	0022-5142
DOI	10.1002/jsfa.11660
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Article ; Online: Expansion of the cassava brown streak disease epidemic in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Casinga, C.M. / Shirima, R.R. / Mahungu, N. / Tata-Hangy, W. / Bashizi, K.B. / Munyerenkana, C.M. / Ughento, H. / Enene, J. / Sikirou, M. / Dhed'a, D.B. / Monde, G. / Kumar, P. Lava / Legg, James P.

Plant Disease

2021

Abstract	Cassava plays a key role in ensuring food security and generating income for smallholder farmers throughout Central Africa, particularly in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This status is threatened, however, by cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), which has expanded its incidence and range in eastern DRC. The study described here comprises the first extensive assessment of temporal change in the occurrence of CBSD and its causal viruses in DRC, based on surveys conducted during 2016 and 2018. Cassava fields were inspected in Ituri, Nord-Kivu, Sud-Kivu, Tanganyika, and Haut-Katanga provinces within eastern DRC to record foliar incidence and severity of CBSD. Leaf samples were collected for virus detection and species-level identification. New occurrences of CBSD, confirmed by virus diagnostic tests, were recorded in two provinces (Haut-Katanga and Sud-Kivu) and nine previously unaffected territories, covering an area of >62,000 km2, and at up to 900 km from locations of previously published reports of CBSD in DRC. Overall, average CBSD incidence within fields was 13.2% in 2016 and 16.1% in 2018. In the new spread zone of Haut-Katanga, incidence increased from 1.7 to 15.9%. CBSD is now present in provinces covering 321,000 km2, which is approximately 14% of the total area of DRC. This represents a major expansion of the CBSD epidemic, which was only recorded from one province (Nord-Kivu) in 2012. Both Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus were detected in Ituri, Nord-Kivu, and Sud-Kivu, but only CBSV was detected in Haut-Katanga. Overall, these results confirm the increasing threat that CBSD poses to cassava production in DRC and describe an important expansion in the African pandemic of CBSD.
Keywords	cassava ; food security ; smallholders ; farmers ; plant diseases ; democratic republic of the congo
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-21T11:01:55Z
Publisher	Scientific Societies
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Expansion of the Cassava Brown Streak Disease Epidemic in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Casinga, C. M. / Shirima, R. R. / Mahungu, N. M. / Tata-Hangy, W. / Bashizi, K. B. / Munyerenkana, C. M. / Ughento, H. / Enene, J. / Sikirou, M. / Dhed’a, B. / Monde, G. / Kumar, P. L. / Legg, J. P.

Plant disease. 2021 Aug. 20, v. 105, no. 8

2021

Abstract	Cassava plays a key role in ensuring food security and generating income for smallholder farmers throughout Central Africa, particularly in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This status is threatened, however, by cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), which has expanded its incidence and range in eastern DRC. The study described here comprises the first extensive assessment of temporal change in the occurrence of CBSD and its causal viruses in DRC, based on surveys conducted during 2016 and 2018. Cassava fields were inspected in Ituri, Nord-Kivu, Sud-Kivu, Tanganyika, and Haut-Katanga provinces within eastern DRC to record foliar incidence and severity of CBSD. Leaf samples were collected for virus detection and species-level identification. New occurrences of CBSD, confirmed by virus diagnostic tests, were recorded in two provinces (Haut-Katanga and Sud-Kivu) and nine previously unaffected territories, covering an area of >62,000 km², and at up to 900 km from locations of previously published reports of CBSD in DRC. Overall, average CBSD incidence within fields was 13.2% in 2016 and 16.1% in 2018. In the new spread zone of Haut-Katanga, incidence increased from 1.7 to 15.9%. CBSD is now present in provinces covering 321,000 km², which is approximately 14% of the total area of DRC. This represents a major expansion of the CBSD epidemic, which was only recorded from one province (Nord-Kivu) in 2012. Both Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus were detected in Ituri, Nord-Kivu, and Sud-Kivu, but only CBSV was detected in Haut-Katanga. Overall, these results confirm the increasing threat that CBSD poses to cassava production in DRC and describe an important expansion in the African pandemic of CBSD.
Keywords	Cassava brown streak virus ; Ugandan cassava brown streak virus ; cassava ; food security ; income ; leaves ; pandemic ; temporal variation ; viruses ; Democratic Republic of the Congo
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0820
Size	p. 2177-2188.
Publishing place	The American Phytopathological Society
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	754182-x
ISSN	0191-2917
ISSN	0191-2917
DOI	10.1094/PDIS-05-20-1135-RE
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Unsuccessful Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) evaluation attempts in western Democratic Republic of Congo and implications with cassava root necrosis disease (CRND) etiology

Bakelana, Z. / Tata-Hangy, W.K. / Tevo, N. / Mahungu, N. / Monde, G. / Kanana, T. / Lema, K.M. / Kalonji, M.

International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch

2020

Abstract: Open Access Article ... Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) is the second most important virus disease after Cassava mosaic disease (CMD), infecting cassava (ManihotesculetaCrantz) in Africa. The disease is caused by two distinct viruses, Cassava brown ... ...

Abstract	Open Access Article Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) is the second most important virus disease after Cassava mosaic disease (CMD), infecting cassava (ManihotesculetaCrantz) in Africa. The disease is caused by two distinct viruses, Cassava brown streak virus [2, 3] and Ugandan Cassava brown streak virus (family, Potyviridae: genus, Ipomovirus). Transmission of CBSV from one plant to another is reported to occur through grafting CBSV-free with infected cuttings and subsequent dissemination by infected cuttings. The basic approach to control of CBSD is selecting planting material from symptomless mother plants. Graft inoculation is the most efficient and effective of the techniques for CBSD virus transmission and consequently cuttings are the most effective way of the disease spreading. In early 2000s, cassava root necrosis similar to those of CBSD were reported in western provinces of Democratic Republic of Congo (RDC) (Kinshasa and Kongo Central) and up to date PCR diagnoses did not detect any causal agent related to the observed symptoms and the disease which was still referred as ‘CBSD-like disease’. Due to lack of molecular data and the similarity of root symptoms with CBSD, the existence of a virus has always been suspected to be the cause of CBSD-like propagation. Thus, 2 field experiments were proposed in order to verify the existence of a systematic transmission of a possible CBSD related virus, knowing that CBSD viruses are transmitted efficiently by cuttings. The first trial focused on the field evaluation of CBSD – like infected and apparently uninfected planting materials, while the second trial involved the importation of tanzanian CBSD resistant genotypes for evaluation in INERA Mvuazi research center under CBSD-like infection conditions. Results of the first trial did not show a systemic transmission of any CBSD-like pathogen while CBSD-resistant parents involved in the second trial all succumbed to CBSD-like disease.
Keywords	cassava ; viruses ; roots ; necrosis ; transmissions ; virus disease
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-02T14:01:58Z
Publisher	IJAEB Publication
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Attempts to identify Cassava Brown Streak Virus in western Democratic Republic of Congo

Bakelana, Z. / Magembe, E. / Laura, M.B. / Macharia, M. / Mahungu, N. / Tata-Hangy, W.K. / Lutete, D. / Monde, G. / Harvey, Jagger J.W. / Ndunguru, J. / Kayuki, C. / Pita, J. / Lema, K.M. / Kanana, T.

Journal of Agricultural Science

2020

Abstract: Open Access Article ... Root necrosis similar to those of the cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) were observed on cassava in western provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR.Congo) in the early 2000’s. However molecular laboratory diagnosis were ... ...

Abstract	Open Access Article Root necrosis similar to those of the cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) were observed on cassava in western provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR.Congo) in the early 2000’s. However molecular laboratory diagnosis were not able to detect any causative agent responsible for the attacks, hence, the disease related to these symptoms was named CBSD-like disease. In order to assess the distribution and the incidence of the CBSD-like disease, surveys were carried out in four western provinces, comprising, Kwango and Kwilu, Sud Ubangi, Kinshasa and Kongo Central. CBSD-like disease was observed in all surveyed provinces on the basis of root symptoms because foliar symptoms were different to those of the documented cases of CBSD in other parts of east Africa. CBSD-like disease incidence was high in Kongo Central and Sud Ubangi, exceeding an average of 50 %, but low in Kwango and Kwilu (32.8%) and in Kinshasa (19.1%). During the surveys, cassava leaf samples were collected for lab identification of the causal agent. PCR diagnosis was done on these samples using primers specific for the two known CBSVs. All samples tested negative with no amplification of DNA fragments of the correct size. Thus, further analysis on the causative organism is needed using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approaches. NGS approaches will help also to identify the causative organism in other Central Africa countries (Angola, Congo-Brazzaville and Gabon) where such cassava root necrosis have been reported or are suspected.
Keywords	cassava ; democratic republic of the congo ; roots ; necrosis ; surveys
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-07T09:43:55Z
Publisher	Canadian Center of Science and Education
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Geographic distribution and abundance of the Afrotropical subterranean scale insect Stictococcus vayssierei (Hemiptera

Doumtsop, A.R. / Hanna, R. / Tindo, M. / Tata-Hangy, W.K. / Fotso, A.K. / Fiaboe, K.K.M. / Fomena, A. / Kemga, A. / Normark, B.B.

Bulletin of Entomological Research

Stictococcidae), a pest of root and tuber crops in the Congo basin

2019

Abstract: Stictococcus vayssierei is a major pest of root and tuber crops in central Africa. However, data on its ecology are lacking. Here we provide an updated estimate of its distribution with the aim of facilitating the sustainable control of its populations. ... ...

Abstract	Stictococcus vayssierei is a major pest of root and tuber crops in central Africa. However, data on its ecology are lacking. Here we provide an updated estimate of its distribution with the aim of facilitating the sustainable control of its populations. Surveys conducted in nine countries encompassing 13 ecological regions around the Congo basin showed that African root and tuber scale was present in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Uganda. It was not found on the sites surveyed in Chad and Nigeria. The pest occurred in the forest and the forest-savannah mosaic as well as in the savannah where it was never recorded before. However, prevalence was higher in the forest (43.1%) where cassava was the most infested crop, compared to the savannah (9.2%) where aroids (cocoyam and taro) were the most infested crops. In the forest habitat, the pest was prevalent in all but two ecological regions: the Congolian swamp forests and the Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic. In the savannah habitat, it was restricted to the moist savannah highlands and absent from dry savannahs. The scale was not observed below 277 m asl. Where present, the scale was frequently (87.1% of the sites) attended by the ant Anoplolepis tenella. High densities (>1000 scales per plant) were recorded along the Cameroon–Gabon border. Good regulatory measures within and between countries are required to control the exchange of plant materials and limit its spread. The study provides information for niche modeling and risk mapping.
Keywords	taro ; hemiptera ; pests ; pests of plants ; subsaharan africa
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-17T13:47:43Z
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Comparing the regional epidemiology of the cassava mosaic and cassava brown streak virus pandemics in Africa.

Legg, J P / Jeremiah, S C / Obiero, H M / Maruthi, M N / Ndyetabula, I / Okao-Okuja, G / Bouwmeester, H / Bigirimana, S / Tata-Hangy, W / Gashaka, G / Mkamilo, G / Alicai, T / Lava Kumar, P

Virus research

2011 Volume 159, Issue 2, Page(s) 161–170

Abstract: The rapid geographical expansion of the cassava mosaic disease (CMD) pandemic, caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses, has devastated cassava crops in 12 countries of East and Central Africa since the late 1980s. Region-level surveys have revealed a ... ...

Abstract	The rapid geographical expansion of the cassava mosaic disease (CMD) pandemic, caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses, has devastated cassava crops in 12 countries of East and Central Africa since the late 1980s. Region-level surveys have revealed a continuing pattern of annual spread westward and southward along a contiguous 'front'. More recently, outbreaks of cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) were reported from Uganda and other parts of East Africa that had been hitherto unaffected by the disease. Recent survey data reveal several significant contrasts between the regional epidemiology of these two pandemics: (i) severe CMD radiates out from an initial centre of origin, whilst CBSD seems to be spreading from independent 'hot-spots'; (ii) the severe CMD pandemic has arisen from recombination and synergy between virus species, whilst the CBSD pandemic seems to be a 'new encounter' situation between host and pathogen; (iii) CMD pandemic spread has been tightly linked with the appearance of super-abundant Bemisia tabaci whitefly vector populations, in contrast to CBSD, where outbreaks have occurred 3-12 years after whitefly population increases; (iv) the CMGs causing CMD are transmitted in a persistent manner, whilst the two cassava brown streak viruses appear to be semi-persistently transmitted; and (v) different patterns of symptom expression mean that phytosanitary measures could be implemented easily for CMD but have limited effectiveness, whereas similar measures are difficult to apply for CBSD but are potentially very effective. An important similarity between the pandemics is that the viruses occurring in pandemic-affected areas are also found elsewhere, indicating that contrary to earlier published conclusions, the viruses per se are unlikely to be the key factors driving the two pandemics. A diagrammatic representation illustrates the temporal relationship between B. tabaci abundance and changing incidences of both CMD and CBSD in the Great Lakes region. This emphasizes the pivotal role played by the vector in both pandemics and the urgent need to identify effective and sustainable strategies for controlling whiteflies on cassava.
MeSH term(s)	Africa/epidemiology ; Begomovirus/isolation & purification ; Begomovirus/pathogenicity ; Disease Transmission, Infectious ; Geography ; Manihot/virology ; Pandemics ; Plant Diseases/virology ; Potyviridae/isolation & purification ; Potyviridae/pathogenicity ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605780-9
ISSN	1872-7492 ; 0168-1702
ISSN (online)	1872-7492
ISSN	0168-1702
DOI	10.1016/j.virusres.2011.04.018
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Article ; Online: Spatio-temporal patterns of genetic change amongst populations of cassava Bemisia tabaci whiteflies driving virus pandemics in East and Central Africa.

Legg, James P / Sseruwagi, Peter / Boniface, Simon / Okao-Okuja, Geoffrey / Shirima, Rudolph / Bigirimana, Simon / Gashaka, Gervais / Herrmann, Hans-Werner / Jeremiah, Simon / Obiero, Hannington / Ndyetabula, Innocent / Tata-Hangy, Willy / Masembe, Charles / Brown, Judith K

Virus research

2014 Volume 186, Page(s) 61–75

Abstract: The greatest current threat to cassava in sub-Saharan Africa, is the continued expansion of plant virus pandemics being driven by super-abundant populations of the whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci. To track the association of putatively genetically ... ...

Abstract	The greatest current threat to cassava in sub-Saharan Africa, is the continued expansion of plant virus pandemics being driven by super-abundant populations of the whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci. To track the association of putatively genetically distinct populations of B. tabaci with pandemics of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), a comprehensive region-wide analysis examined the phylogenetic relationships and population genetics of 642 B. tabaci adults sampled from cassava in six countries of East and Central Africa, between 1997 and 2010, using a mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I marker (780 bases). Eight phylogenetically distinct groups were identified, including one, designated herein as 'East Africa 1' (EA1), not previously described. The three most frequently occurring groups comprised >95% of all samples. Among these, the Sub-Saharan Africa 2 (SSA2) group diverged by c. 8% from two SSA1 sub-groups (SSA1-SG1 and SSA1-SG2), which themselves were 1.9% divergent. During the 14-year study period, the group associated with the CMD pandemic expansion shifted from SSA2 to SSA1-SG1. Population genetics analyses of SSA1, using Tajima's D, Fu's Fs and Rojas' R2 statistics confirmed a temporal transition in SSA1 populations from neutrally evolving at the outset, to rapidly expanding from 2000 to 2003, then back to populations more at equilibrium after 2004. Based on available evidence, hybrid introgression appears to be the most parsimonious explanation for the switch from SSA2 to SSA1-SG1 in whitefly populations driving cassava virus pandemics in East and Central Africa.
MeSH term(s)	Africa, Central ; Africa, Eastern ; Animals ; Begomovirus/genetics ; Begomovirus/isolation & purification ; Behavior, Animal ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Feeding Behavior ; Gene Flow ; Hemiptera/classification ; Hemiptera/genetics ; Hemiptera/virology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Insect Proteins/genetics ; Insect Vectors/classification ; Insect Vectors/genetics ; Insect Vectors/virology ; Manihot/parasitology ; Manihot/virology ; Phylogeny ; Phylogeography ; Plant Diseases/parasitology ; Plant Diseases/virology ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Chemical Substances	Insect Proteins ; Electron Transport Complex IV (EC 1.9.3.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-06-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	605780-9
ISSN	1872-7492 ; 0168-1702
ISSN (online)	1872-7492
ISSN	0168-1702
DOI	10.1016/j.virusres.2013.11.018
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