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  1. Article ; Online: Vector-Borne Tularemia

    Kaja Troha / Nina Božanić Urbančič / Miša Korva / Tatjana Avšič-Županc / Saba Battelino / Domen Vozel

    Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Vol 7, Iss 189, p

    A Re-Emerging Cause of Cervical Lymphadenopathy

    2022  Volume 189

    Abstract: Tularemia is a zoonosis caused by the highly invasive bacterium Francisella tularensis . It is transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected animals or by vectors, such as ticks, mosquitos, and flies. Even though it is well-known as a tick-borne ... ...

    Abstract Tularemia is a zoonosis caused by the highly invasive bacterium Francisella tularensis . It is transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected animals or by vectors, such as ticks, mosquitos, and flies. Even though it is well-known as a tick-borne disease, it is usually not immediately recognised after a tick bite. In Slovenia, tularemia is rare, with 1–3 cases reported annually; however, the incidence seems to be increasing. Ulceroglandular tularemia is one of its most common forms, with cervical colliquative lymphadenopathy as a frequent manifestation. The diagnosis of tularemia largely relies on epidemiological information, clinical examination, imaging, and molecular studies. Physicians should consider this disease a differential diagnosis for a neck mass, especially after a tick bite, as its management significantly differs from that of other causes. Tularemia-associated lymphadenitis is treated with antibiotics and surgical drainage of the colliquated lymph nodes. Additionally, tularemia should be noted for its potential use in bioterrorism on behalf of the causative agents’ low infectious dose, possible aerosol formation, no effective vaccine at disposal, and the ability to produce severe disease. This article reviews the recent literature on tularemia and presents a case of an adult male with tick-borne cervical ulceroglandular tularemia.
    Keywords ticks ; lymph nodes ; vector-borne diseases ; lymph node excision ; serology ; bioterrorism ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: DESETLETNA DEKLICA Z AKUTNO VROČINO, LEVKOCITOPENIJO, TROMBOCITOPENIJO IN PATOLOŠKIMI JETRNIMI ENCIMI

    Nika Obolnar / Tatjana Avšič − Županc / Miroslav Petrovec / Maja Arnež

    Slovenska pediatrija, Vol 27, Iss 1, Pp 15-

    2020  Volume 19

    Abstract: V prispevku prikazujemo primer desetletne deklice z vročino, trombocitopenijo, levkopenijo in patološkimi vrednostmi jetrnih encimov. Povzemamo stopenjsko obrav- navo precej pogostega stanja in glavne diferencialnodia- gnostične možnosti. Pri deklici smo ...

    Abstract V prispevku prikazujemo primer desetletne deklice z vročino, trombocitopenijo, levkopenijo in patološkimi vrednostmi jetrnih encimov. Povzemamo stopenjsko obrav- navo precej pogostega stanja in glavne diferencialnodia- gnostične možnosti. Pri deklici smo ugotovili šesto otroško bolezen, ki je v njeni starosti neobičajna
    Keywords otrok ; vročina ; levkocitopenija ; trombo- citopenija ; Medicine ; R ; Pediatrics ; RJ1-570
    Language Slovenian
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher The Society for Children with Metabolic Disorders
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: TEN-YEAR-OLD GIRL WITH FEVER, LEUKOCYTOPENIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND PATHOLOGICAL LIVER FUNCTION

    Nika Obolnar / Tatjana Avšič − Županc / Miroslav Petrovec / Maja Arnež

    Slovenska pediatrija, Vol 27, Iss 1, Pp 15-

    2020  Volume 19

    Abstract: We report the case of a ten-year-old girl with a fever, thrombocytopenia, leucocytopenia and pathological liver enzymes. We summarise a stepwise approach to this fairly common condition and the main options for the differential diagnosis. This girl was ... ...

    Abstract We report the case of a ten-year-old girl with a fever, thrombocytopenia, leucocytopenia and pathological liver enzymes. We summarise a stepwise approach to this fairly common condition and the main options for the differential diagnosis. This girl was diagnosed with sixth disease, which is rather unusual for her age
    Keywords child ; fever ; leucocytopenia ; thrombocytopenia ; Medicine ; R ; Pediatrics ; RJ1-570
    Language Slovenian
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher The Society for Children with Metabolic Disorders
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Comparative Evaluation of Six SARS-CoV-2 Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Approaches Shows Substantial Genomic Variant–Dependent Intra- and Inter-Test Variability, Poor Interchangeability of Cycle Threshold and Complementary Turn-Around Times

    Rok Kogoj / Misa Korva / Nataša Knap / Katarina Resman Rus / Patricija Pozvek / Tatjana Avšič-Županc / Mario Poljak

    Pathogens, Vol 11, Iss 462, p

    2022  Volume 462

    Abstract: Several professional societies advise against using real-time Reverse-Transcription PCR (rtRT-PCR) cycle threshold (Ct) values to guide clinical decisions. We comparatively assessed the variability of Ct values generated by six diagnostic approaches by ... ...

    Abstract Several professional societies advise against using real-time Reverse-Transcription PCR (rtRT-PCR) cycle threshold (Ct) values to guide clinical decisions. We comparatively assessed the variability of Ct values generated by six diagnostic approaches by testing serial dilutions of well-characterized isolates of 10 clinically most relevant SARS-CoV-2 genomic variants: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Eta, Iota, Omicron, A.27, B.1.258.17, and B.1 with D614G mutation. Comparison of three fully automated rtRT-PCR analyzers and a reference manual rtRT-PCR assay using RNA isolated with three different nucleic acid isolation instruments showed substantial inter-variant intra-test and intra-variant inter-test variability. Ct value differences were dependent on both the rtRT-PCR platform and SARS-CoV-2 genomic variant. Differences ranging from 2.0 to 8.4 Ct values were observed when testing equal concentrations of different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Results confirm that Ct values are an unreliable surrogate for viral load and should not be used as a proxy of infectivity and transmissibility, especially when different rtRT-PCR assays are used in parallel and multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants are circulating. A detailed turn-around time (TAT) comparative assessment showed substantially different TATs, but parallel use of different diagnostic approaches was beneficial and complementary, allowing release of results for more than 81% of non-priority samples within 8 h after admission.
    Keywords severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ; coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) ; genomic variant ; real-time RT-PCR ; Ct value ; turn-around time ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 Virions or Ubiquitous Cell Structures? Actual Dilemma in COVID-19 Era

    Maja Frelih / Andreja Erman / Karmen Wechtersbach / Jerica Pleško / Tatjana Avšič-Županc / Nika Kojc

    Kidney International Reports, Vol 5, Iss 9, Pp 1608-

    2020  Volume 1610

    Keywords Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ; RC870-923 ; covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Case of Babesia crassa–Like Infection, Slovenia, 2014

    Katja Strasek-Smrdel / Misa Korva / Emil Pal / Mojca Rajter / Miha Skvarc / Tatjana Avsic-Zupanc

    Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 26, Iss 5, Pp 1038-

    2020  Volume 1040

    Abstract: We report a case of Babesia crassa–like infection in an asplenic patient in Slovenia in 2014. We diagnosed the infection using microscopy, 18S rRNA sequencing, and serology and monitored parasitemia using digital PCR. With its increasing occurrence, ... ...

    Abstract We report a case of Babesia crassa–like infection in an asplenic patient in Slovenia in 2014. We diagnosed the infection using microscopy, 18S rRNA sequencing, and serology and monitored parasitemia using digital PCR. With its increasing occurrence, babesiosis should be included in differential diagnoses for immunocompromised patients displaying fever.
    Keywords Babesia crassa–like infection ; emerging pathogen ; humans ; parasitemia ; digital PCR ; Slovenia ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Zoonoses - New Emerging Diseases

    Tatjana Avšič-Županc

    Zdravniški Vestnik, Vol 79, Iss

    2010  Volume 3

    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Slovenian Medical Association
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Correlation of TBE incidence with red deer and roe deer abundance in Slovenia.

    Nataša Knap / Tatjana Avšič-Županc

    PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 6, p e

    2013  Volume 66380

    Abstract: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a virus infection which sometimes causes human disease. The TBE virus is found in ticks and certain vertebrate tick hosts in restricted endemic localities termed TBE foci. The formation of natural foci is a combination of ...

    Abstract Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a virus infection which sometimes causes human disease. The TBE virus is found in ticks and certain vertebrate tick hosts in restricted endemic localities termed TBE foci. The formation of natural foci is a combination of several factors: the vectors, a suitable and numerous enough number of hosts and in a habitat with suitable vegetation and climate. The present study investigated the influence of deer on the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis. We were able to obtain data from deer culls. Using this data, the abundance of deer was estimated and temporal and spatial analysis was performed. The abundance of deer has increased in the past decades, as well as the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis. Temporal analysis confirmed a correlation between red deer abundance and tick-borne encephalitis occurrence. Additionally, spatial analysis established, that in areas with high incidence of tick-borne encephalitis red deer density is higher, compared to areas with no or few human cases of tick-borne encephalitis. However, such correlation could not be confirmed between roe deer density and the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis. This is presumably due to roe deer density being above a certain threshold so that availability of tick reproduction hosts has no apparent effect on ticks' host finding and consequently may not be possible to correlate with incidence of human TBE.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Comparison of Clinical, Laboratory and Immune Characteristics of the Monophasic and Biphasic Course of Tick-Borne Encephalitis

    Petra Bogovič / Stanka Lotrič-Furlan / Tatjana Avšič-Županc / Miša Korva / Andrej Kastrin / Lara Lusa / Klemen Strle / Franc Strle

    Microorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 796, p

    2021  Volume 796

    Abstract: The biphasic course of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is well described, but information on the monophasic course is limited. We assessed and compared the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and immune responses in 705 adult TBE patients: 283 with ...

    Abstract The biphasic course of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is well described, but information on the monophasic course is limited. We assessed and compared the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and immune responses in 705 adult TBE patients: 283 with monophasic and 422 with biphasic course. Patients with the monophasic course were significantly ( p ≤ 0.002) older (57 vs. 50 years), more often vaccinated against TBE (7.4% vs. 0.9%), more often had comorbidities (52% vs. 37%), and were more often treated in the intensive care unit (12.4% vs. 5.2%). Multivariate logistic regression found strong association between the monophasic TBE course and previous TBE vaccination (OR = 18.45), presence of underlying illness (OR = 1.85), duration of neurologic involvement before cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination (OR = 1.39), and patients’ age (OR = 1.02). Furthermore, patients with monophasic TBE had higher CSF levels of immune mediators associated with innate and adaptive (Th1 and B-cell) immune responses, and they had more pronounced disruption of the blood–brain barrier. However, the long-term outcome 2–7 years after TBE was comparable. In summary, the monophasic course is a frequent and distinct presentation of TBE that is associated with more difficult disease course and higher levels of inflammatory mediators in CSF than the biphasic course; however, the long-term outcome is similar.
    Keywords tick-borne encephalitis ; monophasic course ; biphasic course ; long-term outcome ; cerebrospinal fluid ; cytokines ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Detection of Antibodies Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus and Other Flaviviruses in a Zoological Collection in Slovenia

    Pavel Kvapil / Joško Račnik / Marjan Kastelic / Pavlína Pittermannová / Tatjana Avšič-Zupanc / Eva Bártová / Kamil Sedlák

    Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

    2021  Volume 8

    Abstract: Monitoring infectious diseases is one of the most important pillars of preventative veterinary medicine in zoological collections. The zoo environment offers a great variety of different animal species living in proximity and in contact with small wild ... ...

    Abstract Monitoring infectious diseases is one of the most important pillars of preventative veterinary medicine in zoological collections. The zoo environment offers a great variety of different animal species living in proximity and in contact with small wild animals and vectors (e.g., ticks and mosquitos). In this context, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Usutu virus (USUV), and West Nile virus (WNV) causing vector-borne diseases are emerging pathogens that raise concern. The aim of the study was to detect antibodies to selected flaviviruses in various animal species in the Ljubljana Zoo, Slovenia. In total, 874 sera from 96 animal species were tested for antibodies to TBEV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA); positive samples were confirmed by a virus neutralization test (VNT) using TBEV, WNV, and USUV antigens. Antibodies to TBEV were detected by ELISA in 3.9% (34/874) of zoo animals, with 4% (30/753) in mammals and 5% (4/86) in birds; the sera of reptiles (n = 34) and amphibians (n = 1) were negative. Antibodies to TBEV were confirmed by VNT in 11 mammals; one bird was positive for both WNV and USUV. The mixture of exotic animal species and their contact with wild animals and vectors such as ticks and mosquitos suggest that screening of infectious diseases in zoo animals might provide good insight into the epizootological situation of the area. This is the first survey of TBEV, WNV, and USUV in a zoological collection in Slovenia.
    Keywords West Nile virus ; Usutu virus ; tick-borne encephalitis virus ; blood sampling ; zoo animals ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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